MICROBIOLOGY and PARASITOLOGY

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MICROBIOLOGY and PARASITOLOGY

CHAPTER 1
- advance course in biology dealing with small living organisms or microbes-
UBIQUITOUS virtually everywhere

since viruses are ACELLULAR [not composed of cells] they are often referred to as
infectiousagents or infectious particles rather than microorganisms

Microbiology Includes the Study of

BACTERIA BACTERIOLOGYFUNGI MYCOLOGYVIRUSES VIROLOGYALGAE


PHYCOLOGYPROTOZOAN OR PROTOZOAS PROTOZOOLOGY

Reasons for Studying Microbiology

- to get to know the indigenous micro flora [beneficial bacteria] Lactobacilli


digestive tract Ecoli [non-pathogenic] prevent other pathogenic microorganisms
to get into our system- develop awareness on the presence of opportunistic
pathogens or opportunists- to know that photosynthetic algae and bacteria
[cyanobacteria] releases oxygen into the atmosphere

Importance of Microbes

- Microbes are important as decomposers or saprophytes since they aid in


fertilization by returninginorganic nutrients into the soil- Microbes are used in
bioremediation to clean up or decompose industrial wastes like oil spills-
Microorganisms are involved in elemental cycles [carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur
and phosphorus]- Microbes serve as food for smaller animals; important part of the
food chain- Microbes aid in food digestion and some produces beneficial substances
or solutions- Microbes are used in various industries such as food, beverage,
chemical and antibiotic industriesIt is known as BIOTECHNOLOGY [examples are
yogurt, yakult drink, wine and cheese]small bacteria and fungi produce antibiotics

- Microbes are used in genetic engineering- Microbes are used as cell models-
Microbes cause either infection diseases or intoxication

Historical Background

MICROBIOLOGY

microscopy, staining procedures, laboratory procedures, culture techniques

People who Contributed to the Discovery of Microbiology

A.Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek


-1
st
to see bacteria [bacterium] and protozoa [field of lenses]- lens maker and in one of
his production he saw microorganisms
B.Louis Pasteur
- Fermentation [eliminating bacteria]

Pasteurization- discovered anaerobes- discovered infectious agents causing


silkworm diseases- contributed to the
germ theory of disease
- championed changes in hospital practices to minimize the spread of by pathogens-
developed vaccines to prevent chicken cholera, anthrax and swine erysipelas [skin
disease]

C.Robert Koch
- discovered the
germ theory of disease
[Kochs postulates]- Bacillus anthracis produces spores capable of resisting adverse
conditions- developed method of fixing, staining and photographing bacteria-
developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media- discovered
mycobacterium tuberculosis and vibrio cholerae- worked on tuberculin which led to
the development of a skin test valuable in diagnosingtuberculosis

Careers in Microbiology

Microbiology : MicrobiologistBacteriology : BacteriologistVirology:


VirologistPhycology: PhycologistMycology: MycologistProtozoolgy:
ProtozoologistApplied Microbiology [biotechnology, medical and clinical
microbiology]Medical Microbiology the study of pathogens, the disease they cause
and the bodys

defenses against disease concerned with epidemiology

Classification of Bacteria based on DR. BERGEY

- Morphology- Staining reactions- Cultural characteristics- Biochemical or Physiologic


Behavior - Genetic analyses- Animal inoculations- Immunologic differences

BERGEYS MANUAL of determining BACTERIOLOGY [19 categories]

1.
Phototrophic Bacteria produce own food photosynthesis: green pigment -
chlorophyll
2.
Gliding Bacteria flagella / cilia
3.
Sheathed Bacteria encloses organism : facultitively anaerobica.Escherichia
rodsb.Salmonellac.Shigellad.Klebsiellae.Proteus
4.
Budding or Appendaged

guides through budding [maturing]


5.
Spirochetes
6.
Spiral and Curved
7.
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Coccia.Pseudomonasb.Azotobacter
c.Rhizobiumd.Halobacter e.Brucellaf.Bordetellag.Francisella
8.
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic
Rodsa.Escherichiab.Salmonellac.Shigellad.Vibrioe.Klebsiellaf.Enterobacter
g.Pasteurellah.Serratiai.Proteur j.Yersiniak.Haemophilus
9.
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteriaa.Bacteriodesb.Fusobacterium
10.
Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli [aerobes]a.Neisseria
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PHARDOSE PREPARATIONS
PHARDOSE LAB Preparation 21-31
prep 22-27
Extraction of Total Lipids from Chicken Egg Yolk and Column Chromatography of
Lipids
C 13 Solutions
Microbiology
Ph Measurement and Buffer Preparation (Formal Report)
Post Lab Notes
C-9 Modified Release
Formal Report Extraction of Total Lipids From Chicken Egg Yolk and Column
Community Pharmacy Internship
C-8 Tablets
PHAR3 LAB - Preparation 22-30
Suppositories and inserts
Extraction of Total Lipids from Chicken Egg Yolk, Column Chromatography and
Qualitative Tests for Lipids
Community Health Nursing Notes Summary
Extraction of Total Lipids From Chicken Egg Yolk And Qualitative test for lipids
Clinical Chemistry Medical Technology Reviewer for Printing
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C-10 Ointment, Cream, Gel
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