Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 2 6 4 0 3 1 7 6 8 5 *

COMBINED SCIENCE 0653/33

Paper 3 (Extended) October/November 2016
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 24.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.

DC (LEG/SW) 122371/2
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a man using a longbow to fire arrows at a target.

bowstring longbow

arrow

Fig. 1.1

(a) The man uses a force of 300 N to pull the arrow back through a distance of 40 cm.

(i) Calculate the work done by the man when he draws the arrow back by 40 cm.

State the formula you use, show your working and include the unit of your answer.

formula

working

work done = ............................................... unit ................ [3]

(ii) State how much elastic potential energy is stored in the longbow and bowstring before
the arrow is released.

stored energy = ....................................................... J [1]

(b) The arrow has a mass of 0.1 kg.

The speed of the arrow as it leaves the longbow is 30 m / s.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the arrow as it leaves the longbow.

State the formula that you use and show your working.

formula

working

kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

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(ii) Use your answers to (a)(ii) and (b)(i) to calculate the efficiency of the energy transfer
from the longbow to the arrow.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

efficiency = ...................................................... % [2]

(iii) The speed of the arrow as it approaches the target is 25 m / s.

Suggest why the speed of the arrow is no longer 30 m / s.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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2 (a) A student investigates the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and 0.1 g of different
metals. The metal samples used are of identical size and shape.

The apparatus he uses is shown in Fig. 2.1.

side-arm bung
test-tube

excess dilute
hydrochloric acid gas syringe piston moves out as
gas enters the syringe

metal

Fig. 2.1

He measures how long it takes to collect 25 cm3 of gas made in each of the reactions.

(i) Name one other piece of apparatus that is needed to investigate the speed of this
reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The results the student obtains are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1

metal time to collect 25 cm3 of gas / s

calcium 10
copper more than 300
iron more than 300
magnesium 20
zinc 45

State which metal reacts fastest.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) The student repeats the experiment for copper and iron.

He uses hydrochloric acid with a greater concentration at a higher temperature.

The results the student obtains are shown in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2

metal time to collect 25 cm3 of gas / s

copper more than 300

iron 30

State and explain the effects of changing the concentration and the temperature of the acid
on the speed of the reaction with iron.

Use ideas about particles in your answer.

concentration ............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

temperature ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(c) Using the results shown in Table 2.1 and Table 2.2, deduce the order of reactivity of the five
metals from most to least reactive.

........................................................ most reactive

........................................................

........................................................

........................................................

........................................................ least reactive

[1]

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(d) The student places two other metals into test-tubes A and B, as shown in Fig. 2.2.

copper
magnesium nitrate
nitrate solution
solution

tin lead

A B

Fig. 2.2

There is no change in the contents of test-tube A, but in test-tube B the surface of the lead
turns brown.

Explain these observations in terms of the reactivity of metals.

test-tube A ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

test-tube B ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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Please turn over for Question 3.

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3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a plan of the human circulatory system.

capillaries in
the lungs

A
B

D C

capillaries in the
rest of the body

Fig. 3.1

(i) Explain why the human circulatory system is described as a double circulation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State the letter and name of the blood vessel with the highest pressure in Fig. 3.1.

Explain your answer.

letter and name .................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iii) Describe how each of the following features of veins enables them to return blood to the
heart from parts of the body such as the feet.

valves ................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

wide lumen ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A student measures his pulse rate during the day. He takes a reading while sitting, and also
as he does different activities. Some of his readings are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

activity number of beats / min

sitting 68
running 164
Y 85

(i) Explain in detail why the muscles of the students legs need a greater supply of blood
while he is running.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Suggest an activity for Y. Explain your answer.

activity ...............................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a simple solar heating system to provide hot water for a house.

cold water hot water storage tank

from mains
supply hot water
for the house

hot water
to tank

cold water copper tubes

inside the panel

solar heating panel

Fig. 4.1

Cold water in copper tubes inside the panel is heated by energy from the Sun.
The hot water then flows to the hot water tank above.
Cold water from the tank flows back to the panel.
A supply of hot water for the house can be taken from the tank.

(a) The Sun emits energy as electromagnetic radiation, some of which is absorbed by the solar
panel.

(i) On Table 4.1, in the correct box write the name of the main part of the electromagnetic
spectrum which heats the solar panel.

Table 4.1

gamma radio
ultraviolet
radiation waves

[2]

(ii) The Sun also emits radio waves which take 8 minutes to reach the Earth.

A student says he thinks the radiation that heats the solar panel would take longer than
8 minutes to reach the Earth.

Explain why the student is wrong.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) The solar panel contains copper tubes through which the water flows.

(i) The copper tubes are painted to improve the efficiency of energy absorption by the panel.

Suggest the colour of the paint that would give the best efficiency. Give a reason for your
answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State the method of thermal energy transfer

1. from the outside of the copper tubes to the water inside the tubes,

....................................................................................................................................

2. from the hot water in the copper tubes to the hot water storage tank.

....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) Explain why the heated water in the copper tubes is able to travel up to the storage tank
above the panel without pumping.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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5 (a) (i) Name the main constituent of natural gas.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Complete the sentences below using suitable words or phrases.

Coal, natural gas and petroleum are all ........................................................ fuels.

Petroleum is a mixture of different compounds and is separated by the process of

.................................................................................... . [2]

(b) Cracking is used to break large molecules into smaller molecules.

During cracking a molecule of octane forms one molecule of ethane, C2H6, and three
molecules of another compound.

The structure of octane is shown in Fig. 5.1.

Key
carbon atom
hydrogen atom

Fig. 5.1

Deduce the formula of octane and complete the symbol equation for the cracking of octane.

.......................... C2H6 + 3 ..........................

octane
[2]

(c) Ethane is a hydrocarbon.

(i) State what is meant by the term hydrocarbon.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(ii) The formulae of two other hydrocarbons are C6H12 and C6H14.

Deduce which is an alkene.

Explain your answer.

alkene ................................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) Name a reagent that is used in a test to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes.
State the observation for each test.

reagent ..............................................................................................................................

alkanes ..............................................................................................................................

alkenes ..............................................................................................................................
[2]

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6 (a) Describe how the following structures of a wind-pollinated flower differ from those of an
insect-pollinated flower.

the stamen ................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

the stigma .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A student looks at some pollen from a wind-pollinated flower and an insect-pollinated flower
under the microscope at the same magnification. Fig. 6.1 shows what she sees.

slide 1 slide 2

Fig. 6.1

State the slide showing pollen from a wind-pollinated flower.

........................................................................

Explain how this pollen is adapted for wind pollination.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[1]

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(c) Another student investigates the rate of transpiration from a leafy twig under different
conditions. Fig. 6.2 shows the apparatus he uses.

water to reset bubble

shoot
syringe

scale
rubber tubing

capillary tube

air bubble moves up the

tube as the shoot
takes in water
water reservoir

Fig. 6.2

He measures how far the air bubble moves upwards in one minute.
He uses the syringe of water to reset the apparatus.
The student repeats the experiment under different environmental conditions.
His readings are shown in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1

distance moved by bubble in

conditions
one minute / cm
dry air at 22 C 1.1
dry air at 27 C 6.8
humid air at 22 C

(i) Explain why the distance the bubble moved increases when the temperature rises
to 27 C.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(ii) Suggest a possible reading for humid air at 22 C. Explain your answer.

reading ..............................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) In the ground the plant takes in water at the roots.

Fig. 6.3 shows the distribution of the tissues in the cross-sections of two similar roots of the
same size.

root X root Y

Fig. 6.3

Suggest which root would take in water more quickly.

root .................................................................

Describe and explain why this root takes in water more quickly.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) These roots do not carry out photosynthesis because they are found underground and do not
have chlorophyll.

Describe the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a wave generated in a string. One end of the string is fixed to a stand and
clamp, while the other end is attached to a vibrator driven by an electric motor.

Fig. 7.1

(i) The length of the string is 100 cm.

State the wavelength of the wave motion shown in Fig. 7.1.

..................................................... cm [1]

(ii) State what is meant by the amplitude of the wave.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) Fig. 7.2 shows part of the circuit diagram for the circuit used to drive the vibrator.

The frequency of the vibrator depends on the speed of the motor. The speed of the motor
depends on the current through the motor.

electric motor
M

Fig. 7.2

Complete the circuit diagram by using the symbols for suitable circuit components in the
correct places in the circuit to

1. control the current through the motor,

2. measure the current through the motor. [3]

(c) A voltmeter connected across the motor reads 3.0 V. The current through the motor is 2.0 A.

(i) Calculate the resistance of the motor.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

resistance = ...................................................... [2]

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(ii) Calculate the power input to the motor.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

power = ..................................................... W [2]

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8 During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, Al2O3, aluminium is produced.

This process is shown in Fig. 8.1.

carbon carbon
cathode anode
+

molten electrolyte
containing aluminium oxide
molten
aluminium

Fig. 8.1

(a) Explain why the electrolysis of aluminium oxide does not take place at room temperature.
Use ideas about particles in your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Describe what happens to the oxide ions, O2, during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) State and explain whether aluminium is oxidised or reduced during electrolysis.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(d) The electronic structure of an aluminium atom is shown in Fig. 8.2a.

Al atom Al ion

Fig. 8.2a Fig. 8.2b

Draw the electronic structure of an aluminium ion in Fig. 8.2b. [1]

(e) Predict the type of bonding in a compound formed between rubidium, a Group I element, and
fluorine, a Group VII element.

Explain your answer.

bonding .....................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

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9 (a) Many human activities can affect the environment.

Draw one line from each human activity to its effect. One line is drawn for you.

human activity effect

adds sulfur dioxide to the air

adding fertiliser to rivers

can cause extinction of
land-living animals

adding mercury to water

protects endangered species

burning coal and oil

can cause eutrophication

large scale deforestation

can poison animals in the

food chain

[3]

(b) Human activities can cause an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.

(i) State one large-scale human activity that increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is
undesirable.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

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 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

UCLES 2016
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
24

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

0653/33/O/N/16
55 56 5771 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209
87 88 89103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
232 231 238

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)