Mohamed K Zobaa - Palynology (Spore-Pollen Morphology)
Mohamed K Zobaa - Palynology (Spore-Pollen Morphology)
Mohamed K Zobaa - Palynology (Spore-Pollen Morphology)
Spore/Pollen Morphology
http://incredibleworld.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/pollen-grains-2.jpg
Palynomorphs are abundant in most sediments and sedimentary rocks, and are
resistant to the routine pollen-extraction procedures including strong acids,
bases, acetolysis, and density separation
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Common palynomorph categories:
Acritarchs
Chitinozoans
Scolecodonts
Microscopic Algae and Algal Parts
Cryptospores
Embryophyte Spores
Pollen
Dinoflagellates
Chitinous Fungal Spores and Other Fungal Bodies
Microforaminiferal Inner Tests
Megaspores
Palynodebris
Varia
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Embryophyte Spores
Stratigraphic range: Late Ordovicianpresent
Monolete spore
(From Zobaa et al., 2009)
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Alternation of generations in some vascular plants
(http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/ppfspor.html)
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Leptolepidites psarosus Crybelosporites pannuceus Deltoidospora mesozoica
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Pollen Grains
Stratigraphic range: latest Devonianpresent
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Pinus echinata Pinus sp.
(http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/pid00005.html) (http://jolisfukyu.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/fukyu/mirai-en/2007/2_5.html)
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Sample preparation
for palynological analysis
Removed by HCl
Our Target
Carbonates
Particulate
Organic
Removed by HF Matter Removed by sieving
(POM)
Silicates Clays
5- Conc. HF treatment
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7- Conc. HCl treatment
Brass sieve
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Microscopic examination of some slides
Try to recognize some pollen and spore specimens.
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Morphology of Embryophytic Spores
Trilete
A spore with three laesurae
(showing a trilete mark)
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/332G.GIF
Monolete
A spore with a single laesura
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/211G.GIF
Alete
A spore without a laesura
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Schematic drawings illustrate the basic morphologic features of a trilete spore (Modified from Singh, 1964)
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Commissure
Margo
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Spore/Pollen Wall Stratification
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/000G.GIF
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Surface Sculpture of Spores
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1- Spore type
-Trilete
- Monolete
- Alete
2- Type of view
- Polar (proximal distal)
- Equatorial
3- Amb
- Circular
- Triangular (straight convex concave)
- Cingulate
4- Laesurae
- Commissure (short medium long; reaching the equator)
- Margo (present absent)
5- Sculpture
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Deltoidospora
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Cicatricosisporites
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Cingutriletes
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Leptolepidites
Sculpture: Verrucate
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Gemmatriletes
Sculpture: Gemmate
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Nodosisporites
Sculpture: Baculate
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Rugulatisporites
http://www.gns.cri.nz/what/earthhist/fossils/spore_pollen/catalog/
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Gleicheniidites
Exinal crassitude
http://www.gns.cri.nz/what/earthhist/fossils/spore_pollen/catalog/taxa/234.htm
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Crybelosporites
Perinate spore
Perine
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Laevigatosporites
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Morphology of Pollen Grains
1- Polarity
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4- Aperture
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- Examples of apertures include:
Monocolpate
Monoporate
Dicolpate
Dicolporate
Diporate
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/087G.GIF
Tricolpate
Tricolporate
Triporate
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/330G.GIF
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Apertures situated only at the equator:
Zonocolpate (Stephanocolpate)
Zonocolporate (Stephanocolporate)
Zonoporate (Stephanoporate)
Pantocolpate (Pericolpate)
Pantocolporate (Pericolporate)
Pantoporate (Periporate)
Inaperturate
Trichotomocolpate/Trichotomosulcate
(having three-branched colpus/sulcus)
Lophae
2- Symmetry
- Asymmetric
- Radially symmetric
- Bilaterally symmetric
3- Shape
- Prolate
- Oblate
- Spheroidal
4- Type/Aperture
- Monoporate
- Bisaccate
- Tricolpate, etc.
5- Sculpture 41
Afropollis
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Retimonocolpites
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Stellatopollis
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Asteraceae
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Poaceae
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Elaterosporites
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Corollina
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Ephedripites
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Pinus
(http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/pid00005.html) (http://jolisfukyu.tokai-sc.jaea.go.jp/fukyu/mirai-en/2007/2_5.html)
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Spores and Pollen as
Paleoenvironmental Indicators
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Aeolian
Alluvial
Deltaic
Evaporite
Tidal Others
Transitional Glacial
Lagoonal
Beach
Shallow marine
Reef
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_depositional_environment
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http://explanet.info/images/Ch02/02_20.jpg
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References
Dejax, J. and Masure, E., 2005, Analyse palynologique de largile lignitifre ambre de lAlbien terminal
dArchingeay (Charente-Maritime, France), Comptes Rendus Palevol, V. 4(12), p. 53-65
Doyle, J.A., Jardin, S. and Doerenkamp, A., 1982, Afropollis, a new genus of early angiosperm pollen,
with notes on the Cretaceous palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of northern Gondwana. Bull.
Cent. Rech. Expl.-Prod. Elf-Aquitaine, V. 6 (1), p. 39-117.
Hyde, H. A. and Williams, D. W., 1944, Right word, Pollen Analysis Circular 8:6
Joly, C., Barill, L., Barreau, M., Mancheron, A., Visset, L., 2007, Grain and annulus diameter as criteria for
distinguishing pollen grains of cereals from wild grasses, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, V. 146(1
4), p. 221-233
Nye, E., Feist-Burkhardt, S., Horne, D. J., Ross, A. J. and Whittaker, J. E., 2008, The palaeoenvironment
associated with a partial Iguanodon skeleton from the Upper Weald Clay (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) at
Smokejacks Brickworks (Ockley, Surrey, UK), based on palynomorphs and ostracods, Cretaceous Research, V.
29 (3), p. 417-444
Perez Loinaze, V. S., Archangelsky, S. and Cladera, G., 2012, Palynostratigraphic study of the Early Cretaceous
Ro Mayer and Kachaike formations at the Quebrada El Moro Section, Austral Basin, southwestern
Argentina, Cretaceous Research, V. 34, p. 161-171
Singh, C. 1964, Microflora of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group, East-Central Alberta, Alberta Res.
Council, Bull. 15; 1239
Tschudy, R. H., 1969, The plant kingdom and its palynological representation. Aspects of Palynology,
Wiley-interscience, chapter 2, p. 5-34 58
References
Zobaa, M. K., Oboh-Ikuenobe, F. E. and Rogers, J. D., 2009, Possible palynologic evidence of hurricanes in
the New Orleans area during the past 4,500 years. AASPThe Palynological Society, 42nd Annual Meeting,
Kingsport, Tennessee, Abstract Volume, p. 39
Zobaa, M. K., Zavada, M. S., Whitelaw, M. J., Shunk, A. J. and Oboh-Ikuenobe, F. E., 2011, Palynology and
palynofacies analyses of the Gray Fossil Site, eastern Tennessee: Their role in understanding the basin-fill
history, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, V. 308; 433444
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/welcome.html
http://www.pollen.mtu.edu/glos-gtx/glos-int.htm
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