Imm fi mar ibn l Ibn Mulaqqin al-Shfi

tadhkirah
Brief Notes on adth Terminology
 Tadhkirah f lm al-adth
by
Imm mar ibn l Ibn Mulaqqin

Translation and Footnotes:

Abu Hasan

Acknowledgements:
Shaykh Asrar Rashid
Abu Nibras, Aqdas, Noori
and all others who contributed to this paper.
A special thanks to Noori for the suggestion
to add examples for illustration.

Cover Image:
Mohammed Imtiyaz Qadiri

Copyright Ridawi Press

Dhul 1436/October 2015
Version 1.0

First Version: October 2015

[email protected]
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About this Epistle The translator can be contacted at:

[email protected]
Imm Ibn Mulaqqin (723-804 AH) is a famous adth master and Shfi
jurist. This is a list of terms used in adth sciences, which he summarised
from his two-volume work on adth principles named: Al-Muqni f
lm al-adth. Please include the name of the book in the
subject of your mail for specific queries or
Many terms are left unexplained or described tersely in the original text. comments. Permission is hereby granted to
I have tried to explain them drawing from other works, such as Shaykh reproduce or utilise this material in any form or
bdullh Sirjuddns commentary on Bayqniyyah, and Imm by any means, electronic or otherwise, as long
Sakhws commentary, Al-Taw al-Abhar li Tadhkirati Ibn al- as the content remains unchanged. This paper is
Mulaqqin fi lm al-Athar. In some places, footnotes from the printed also made freely available by Ridawi Press and
edition (on which this translation is based) are also used; this is published can be downloaded from: www.ridawipress.org.
by Dar Ammar (editor: l asan bd al-amd), 1988. Examples on the Permission is granted to anyone to print this
margins are also drawn from Muqaddimah Ibn al and Manhal al- book for free distribution or for sale. Ridawi
Raw of Ibn Jamh among other works. Press acknowledges that it costs money to print
and distribute books, and it may therefore be
We ask Allh tl to forgive us and guide us on the right path. necessary for publishers to recover this cost by
selling it at a reasonable price. Ridawi Press does
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books, nor solicits any royalties. Permission is
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- also granted to publishers to reprint in their own
Abu Hasan is a student of Islamic sciences. He translates short works and name provided the following notice is included
excerpts from books for his own edification and shares them for the in the colophon: Reprinted with (royalty-free)
benefit of beginners like himself. permission of Ridawi Press".


{
Al-Tadhkirah

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 1

 {

Consider the chain: Mlik from Nfi
from Ibn mar from RaslAllh .
This is continuous [muttail], and
reaches the Prophet .

Consider the chain: Mlik from Zuhr
from Ibn bbs from RaslAllh .
This is a discontinous chain [munqai]
because Zuhr did not hear from Ibn
bbs .

But since both chains lead until the

Prophet , and are attributed to him,
they are musnad reports. Since they
reach the Prophet eventually, they
are also marf reports.

Consider: Mlik from Ibn Shihb from

Slim ibn bdullh from his father
[bdullh] from RaslAllh . This is
an example of a continuous and
elevated report [muttail-marfu].

Consider: Mlik from Nfi from Ibn

mar from mar and he said... This
is a continuous report but stops
[mawqf] at Sayyidun mar and
does not go further; nor attributes to
the Prophet . Hence it is a continuous
report that stops at the companion
[muttail-mawqf].

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 2

Example of a maq: Mujhid said:
One who is embarrassed [to seek
knowledge] or an arrogant person
will not attain knowledge.

Mlik advised his students when they

took leave: Fear Allh and propagate
this knowledge, and teach it to
others; do not conceal it.

Mujahid is a tbi and Imm Mlik is a

Successor of the Followers (of the
Companions) i.e., tbi al-tbi. Thus
the above two reports are maq.

Example of munqai: bd al-Razzq

from Thawr from Ab Isq from
Zayd ibn Yuthai from udhayfah...
Ibn ala said that this chain is
interrupted [disconnected, munqai]
in two places: Firstly, because bd al-
Razzq did not hear from Thawr he
actually reports from Nmn ibn Abi
Shaybah al-Janad who reports from

Thawr. Secondly, Thawr did not hear
from Ab Isq; he actually reports
from Shurayk who reports from Ab
Isq.

Example of mal: Imm Mlik in

Muwaa says: It has reached me from
Ab Hurayrah ... But in other places
Mlik narrates from Muammad ibn
jln from his father [jln] who
reports from Ab Hurayrah. Thus we
know that, there ought to be two
narrators between Mlik and Ab
Hurayrah; thus the adth missing two
consecutive narrators is mal.

Single narrator truncation: Bukhr

says: Mlik from Zuhr from Ab
Salamah from Ab Hurayrah from
the Prophet . There has to be at least
one narrator between Bukhr [born
194 AH] and Mlik [d. 179 AH].

Truncation of all narrators except

the ab: Imm Bukhr says: Umm
al-Muminn Sayyidah ayishah
said:
The Prophet would remember
Allh tl in every state.

Complete truncation: Imm Bukhr

says: The delegation of bd al-Qays
told the Prophet Tell us
something concise, upon which, if
Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 3
we act, we shall enter paradise.
Tadlis al-Isnd: l ibn Khashram says:
We were with Ibn yaynah who said:
Zuhr... He was asked: Did Zuhr
narrate to you? He remained silent
and he said again: Zuhr... He was
asked: Did you hear it from Zuhr? He
replied: No. I did not hear it from
Zuhr, nor anyone who heard from
Zuhr; rather, bd al-Razzq narrated
to me from Mamar from Zuhr.

Tadls al-Shuykh: Ab Bakr ibn

Mujhid al-Muqriy says: Narrated to us
bdullh ibn Ab bdullh and he
is referring to bdullh ibn Ab Dwd
al-Sijistn, the author of Sunan.

Shdh because of Sanad: The adth

reported in Tirmidh, Nasy and Ibn
Mjah narrated by Ibn yaynah from
mr ibn Dnr from wsajah, the
slave of Ibn bbs from Ibn bbs .
However, ammd ibn Zayd [who is
himself a thiqah] reports with a mursal
chain omitting Ibn bbs, which is an
anomaly, shdh.

Shdh because of Matn: In a adth of

Muslim, from Nubayshah al-Hudhal
who says RaslAllh said: The Rising
Days [ayym tashrq] are for eating and
drinking. Ms ibn layy reports this
adth with additional words ..and the
day of rafah which is anomalous to
all other thiqah narrators.

Fard al-Mulaq: The adth which

forbids sale or gifting of the inheritance
of the freedman to his/her manumitter
[wala, Bukhr #2535] is narrated by
bdullh ibn Dnar from [bdullh]
Ibn mar and he is alone in this
narration from Ibn mar .

Fard al-Muqayyad: The adth

narrated by Ab Dwd [al-Sijistn]
via Ab Dwd al-Taylisi from
Hammm from Qatdah from Ab
Narah from Ab Sad al-Khudriy,
who said: RaslAllh commanded
us to recite the Ftiah and whatever
additional verses possible. The
scholars of Barah report exclusively
and no others report this.

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 4

Gharb is a form of Fard. Every gharb
is fard, but the converse is not true.

zz: Reported by both Bukhr and

Muslim, the adth of Anas that
RaslAllh said: None of you has
become a perfect believer unless I am
more dear to him than his own father
and his son. This is narrated from
Anas by two narrators: Qatdah
and bd al-zz. Then from each of
the two, there are further two and so
forth. From Qatdah: Shbah and
Sad. From bd al-zz: Isml ibn
layyah and bd al-Writh.

Mashhr: adth in both Bukhr and

Muslim from Sulaymn al-Taymi from
Ab Mijlaz from Anas . In addition to
Ab Mijlaz, others have reported from
Anas; and in addition to Sulaymn
others have reported from Ab Mijlaz.

Mutawtir: The adth: Whoever

deliberately attributes a false saying to
me should prepare for his seat in hell-
fire. Imm Nawaw has said that this
adth is reported by 200 companions.

Muarib: In one narration of Fimah

bint Qays : In [ones] wealth, there is
charity due, other than zakt In
another narration by the same Fimah
bint Qays : In [ones] wealth there is
no charity except zakt

Mudraj: The adth in aayn from

Sayyidah ayishah: RaslAllh
would retreat to the cave of ira for
piety that is for worship in certain
number of nights... [Bukhr, #3]. The
highlighted phrase is an addition [idrj]
of Zuhr and these words are not from
the original adth narrated by the
Companion.

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 5

Maqlb (Sanad): Jarr ibn zim
reports from Thbit al-Bunn from
Anas ibn Mlik that RaslAllh
said: When the iqmah is being said,
do not stand up, until you see me. This
is confused by Jarr whereas this adth
as reported by Muslim and Nasy is via
this route: Yay ibn Ab Kathr from
bdullh ibn Ab Qatdah from his
father from the Prophet .

Maqlb (Matn): The adth of Ab

Hurayrah in Muslim about seven kinds
of people who are granted the Shade
of the Throne on Judgement day: The
man who gives in charity secretly, such
that his right hand does not know what
his left has given. This is transposed
by one of the narrators accidentally;
the correct wording of the adth in
Bukhr and Muslim is: ...such that his
left hand does not know what his right
hand has given [in charity]

l: A particular adth is narrated by

Nasy [d.303 AH] through eleven
narrators, and Ibn ajar reports the
same adth through a different route
in only eleven narrators, though Ibn
ajar is nearly 500 years after Nasy.

Muaaf: Like the transposition in

the adth on the merits of voluntary
fasts following Raman: whoever
follows it with something in Shawwl
[shayan- ;] instead of six in
Shawwl [sittan-] .

Musalsal: The adth: O Mudh, I

love you; after every prayer, say:
Allhumma ainni l dhikrika wa
shukrika wa usni bdatika. O Allah aid
me to be in constant remembrance of
Yourself, and to thank you and to

worship you in a beautiful manner.
Every narrator tells the next one: I love

you and this is one such musalsal.

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 6

Ziydatu Thiqt: The adth in
Bukhr and Muslim by Ibn Masd :
I asked RaslAllh : Which deed is the
most superior? He replied: Prayer in
its [proper] time.

asan ibn Mukrim and Bundr in

their narration have additional
wording: Prayer in the earliest part of
the proper time.

Mazd f Muttail al-Asnd: Consider

the adth narrated from bdullh ibn
al-Mubrak: who said Narrated to us
Sufyn from bd al-Ramn ibn
Yazd ibn Jbir who said: Narrated to

me Busr ibn baydullh saying: I
have heard Ab Idrs say: I have heard

Wthilah ibn al-Asqa say: I have
heard Ab Marthad al-Ghanawiy say:
I have heard RaslAllh say: Do not
sit on graves, nor pray facing them.

In this isnd, Sufyn is added

erroneously and he is a superfluous
narrator in this chain; because, a
number of thiqah narrators have
reported from Ibn al-Mubrak directly
narrating from bd al-Ramn ibn
Jbir.

Similarly, a number of thiqah narrators

have reported adth without Ab Idrs
in between Busr and Wthilah; here
Ab Idrs is superfluous.

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 7



Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 8



Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 9

Seniors from Juniors: This could be
either on the basis of age, or
knowledge and rank, or both.

Zuhr and Yay ibn Sad narrate from

Mlik, who is younger to both.

Mlik narrates from bdullh ibn Dnr

who is lesser in rank and number of
narrations; Amad ibn anbal and
Isq narrate from baydullh ibn
Ms who is lesser in rank to both
Amad and Isq.

Imm Bukhr narrates from his

student Abul bbs al-Sarrj who is
both younger in years and lesser in
rank.

Fathers narrating from sons is also

from this category. Similarly, father
reporting from his daughter, such as
Anas ibn Mlik reporting from his
daughter Amnah [narration found in
a Bukhr].

An example of mother narrating from

daughter is Umm Rmn, the wife of
Ab Bakr al-iddq reporting from her
daughter Sayyidah ayishah .

The basis for this, is the adth in a

Muslim where RaslAllh narrates
from Tamm al-Dr in the adth of al-
Jasssah [Dajjls scout and informer].

Siblings: Ibn Khab could be either

mar or Zayd; Ibn Masd could be
either tbah or bdullh; Bint iddq
could be either ayishah or Asma
and all are Companions .

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 10

Multiple Names/Appellations:
Sometimes the identity of a weak
narrator or someone known to be a liar
is concealed, by using different names
and titles.

Among the most vicious examples is

the case of Muammad ibn Sad ibn
assn ibn Qays al-Asadiy, who is a
well-known liar and forger; Yay ibn
Sad al-Umaw refers to him as
Muammad ibn Sad ibn assn,
whereas Marwan ibn Muwiyah refers
to him varyingly as:
Muammad ibn assn
Muammad ibn Ab Qays
Muammad ibn Ab Zaynab
Muammad ibn Zakariyyah
Muammad ibn Abil asan
He is also referred by others as:
Muammad ibn Sad al-Asadiy
Muammad ibn assn al-abariy
Ab bd al-Ramn al-Shm
Ab Qays al-Muly
Ab Qays al-Dimashq
Ab bdullh al-Shm
bdullh
bd al-Ramn
bd al-Karm
Muammad ibn Sad ibn bd al-zz
Muammad ibn Ab tbah
Muammad ibn Ab assn
Muammad ibn Ab Sahl
Muammad ibn bd al-Ramn

Muammad al-abar

Muammad al-Urduniy
Muammad al-Murta
It is said that narrators have referred to
him by nearly 100 names!

Single Names or Agnomens: Like

Sandar [Ab bdullh al-Judhm] and
- ]
Abs Sanbil [Ibn Bakk al-Qurashi
al-Abdari] who are both companions. -
And the adth scholar Mushkdnah
[Ab bd al-Ramn bdullh ibn

mar al-Umaw al-Juf].

Name Sans Agnomen and Vice-Versa:
Though their kunyah or name is known;
Like Salmn al-Frs [Ab bdullh];
and Abud u [Muslim ibn ubay
al-Qurash].

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 11

Examples of Combined categories:
That is the name of two narrators is the
same, and written the same; the
names/agnomens of their fathers is
written the same, but pronounced
differently.

.
The first is Muammad ibn ql al-
Nisbr.
The second is Muammad ibn qayl

al-Firyb.

First is Ms ibn l.
Second is Ms ibn layy.

First is Muammad ibn bdullh al-
Mukharrimi.
Second is Muammad ibn bdullh
al-Makhrami.

First is Abu mr al-Shaybn [with
shn].
Second is Ab mr al-Saybani [with
sn]

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 12

Example of Mutashbih:
Yazd ibn al-Aswad / Aswad ibn al-Yazd.
There are two Yazd ibn al-Aswad:
Yazd ibn al-Aswad al-Khuz, the
companion; and the second is Yazd
ibn al-Aswad al-Jurashy, who is
mentioned among companions but it is
not proven [Usd al-Ghbah, #5517], he
was a pious man, nevertheless; he
migrated to the Levant and Sayyidun
Muwiyah included him in his prayer
for rain [istisq] and said: O Allh we
ask you with the intercession of the
best and most superior ones amongst
us [vide Muqaddimah Ibn al]. And
then there is Aswad ibn al-Yazd al-
Nakha, the tbi.

Wald ibn Muslim / Muslim ibn Wald.

There are two Wald ibn Muslim: Wald
ibn Muslim al-Bar, the tbi; and

Wald ibn Muslim al-Dimashq, the
companion of Awz. Then there is
Muslim ibn Wald ibn Rab al-
Madan. Imm Bukhr in his Trikh
transposed the latter and said: Wald
ibn Muslim and it has carried on thus
from there.

Examples of being attributed to
someone other than the father:
Muammad ibn al-anafiyyah,
attributed to his mother; his father is
Mawl l .
Isml ibn layyah, attributed to his
mother; his father is Ibrhm.
The ab, Yal ibn Munayh,
attributed to his grandmother.
The ab, Ab baydah mir ibn
bdullh ibn al-Jarr, attributed to his


grandfather.

Imm Amad ibn Muammad ibn

anbal, attributed to his grandfather.

Miqdd ibn al-Aswad was adopted by
Aswad, and hence attributed to him.
asan ibn Dnr is the son of Wil,
but is attributed to his step-father.

Anonymous: Narrated by Ab Dwd

via ajjj ibn Furfiah from a man
from Ab Salamah from Ab
Hurayrah . The man is not named in
the sanad but he is actually Yay ibn
Ab Kathr.

Tadhkirah of Ibn Mulaqqin | 13

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