The document lists 18 different types of loads that must be considered when designing bridges, including dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from vehicle traffic, snow loads, wind loads, temperature effects, seismic forces, and other loads from earth pressures, water currents, vehicle collisions, and construction/erection. Impact factors are also applied to live loads to account for dynamic loading. All these load combinations must be analyzed to ensure bridges can safely support the maximum foreseeable loads during their design life.
The document lists 18 different types of loads that must be considered when designing bridges, including dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from vehicle traffic, snow loads, wind loads, temperature effects, seismic forces, and other loads from earth pressures, water currents, vehicle collisions, and construction/erection. Impact factors are also applied to live loads to account for dynamic loading. All these load combinations must be analyzed to ensure bridges can safely support the maximum foreseeable loads during their design life.
The document lists 18 different types of loads that must be considered when designing bridges, including dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from vehicle traffic, snow loads, wind loads, temperature effects, seismic forces, and other loads from earth pressures, water currents, vehicle collisions, and construction/erection. Impact factors are also applied to live loads to account for dynamic loading. All these load combinations must be analyzed to ensure bridges can safely support the maximum foreseeable loads during their design life.
The document lists 18 different types of loads that must be considered when designing bridges, including dead loads from the structure itself, live loads from vehicle traffic, snow loads, wind loads, temperature effects, seismic forces, and other loads from earth pressures, water currents, vehicle collisions, and construction/erection. Impact factors are also applied to live loads to account for dynamic loading. All these load combinations must be analyzed to ensure bridges can safely support the maximum foreseeable loads during their design life.
The following are the Different types of loads acting on the Bridge:
1. Dead Load - Self Weight of the structure
2. SIDL - Weight of Crash Barrier, Wearing Coat, Railing etc. 3. Live Load- 70R Wheeled,70R Tracked, 40T Boggie, Class A, Class AA
Trackes, SV Loading, Fatigue Load.
4. Snow Load - The snow load of 500kg/m3where applicable shall be assumed to act on the bridge deck while combining with live load as given below. Both the conditions shall be checked independently: 5. Impact factor on vehicular live load - Provision for impact or dynamic
action shall be made by an increment of the live load by an impact
allowance expressed as a fraction or a percentage of the applied live load. 6. Impact due to floating bodies or Vessels as the cases may be
7. Vehicle collision load - The effect of collision load shall also be
considered on the supporting elements, such as, foundations and
bearings. For multilevel carriageways, the collision loads shall be considered separately for each level. 8. Wind load - The wind pressure acting on a bridge depends on the geographical locations, the terrain of surrounding area, the fetch of terrain upwind of the site location, the local topography, the height of bridge above the ground, horizontal dimensions and cross-section of bridge or its element under consideration. 9. Water current- 10. Longitudinal forces - Tractive effort of vehicles or by braking of vehicles
and/or those caused by restraint of movement of free bearings by friction
or deformation 11. Centrifugal force - Where a road bridge is situated on a curve, all portions of the structure affected by the centrifugal action of moving vehicles are to be proportioned to carry safely the stress induced by this action in addition to all other stress to which they may be subjected. 12. Buoyancy - In the design of abutments, especially those of submersible bridges, the effects of buoyancy shall also be considered assuming that the fill behind the abutments has been removed by scour. 13. Earth Pressure including live load surcharge- Structure designed to retain earth fills shall be proportioned to withstand pressure calculated in accordance with any rational theory. Coulombs theory shall be acceptable for non-cohesive soils. For cohesive soil Coulombs theory is applicable with Bells correction. For calculating the earth pressure at rest Rankines theory shall be used. 14. Temperature effects - Changes in the overall temperature of the bridge,
referred to as the effective bridge temperature. Over a prescribed period
there will be a minimum and a maximum, together with a range of effective bridge temperature, resulting in loads and/or load effects within the bridge 15. Deformation effects - A deformation effects is defined as the bending
stress in any member of an open web-girder caused by the vertical
deflection of the girder combined with the rigidity of the joints. 16. Secondary effects - Secondary effects are additional effects brought into play due either to the movement of supports or to the deformations in the geometrical shape of the structure or its member, resulting from causes, such as, rigidity of end connection or loads applied at intermediate points of trusses or restrictive shrinkage of concrete floor beams. 17. Erection effects - The effects of erection as per actual loads based on the construction programme shall be accounted for in the design. This shall also include the condition of one span being completed in all respects and the adjacent span not in position. However, one span dislodged condition need not be considered in the case of Slab Bridge not provided with bearings. 18. Seismic force - a) Bridges more than 150 m span b) Bridges with piers
taller than 30 m in Zones IV and V c) Cable supported bridges, such as