CURTIN UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY
APA 6th REFERENCING
BEFORE you begin, please note: Last updated May 2013

This brief guide is primarily for students doing assignments at Curtin University, not
for those publishing using the APA 6th style.

If you are publishing in the APA 6th style, please consult the APA publication manual:

American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the

American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

If you require extra help not available in this guide please try

APA style guide to electronic references

APA Style Blog

Guide contents
Overview: Reference Examples:

What is referencing? Books and eBooks

Why reference? Journals (Print and Online)
Steps involved in referencing World Wide Web
Elements of a reference Government Publications
Sample reference list Other Sources
Reference types for EndNote X6 Authors Citing Other Authors

It is important that you check the assignment guide of your Department or School as
details may vary from the guidelines on this sheet. You may be penalised for not using the
referencing style that is required by your School/Department.

Academic integrity and plagiarism

Plagiarism breaches academic integrity and is a serious accusation in academia. Make sure you
avoid plagiarism by referencing your sources.
Refer to the Curtin University student booklet Academic Integrity: Student Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism for
definitions and University policies relating to academic integrity and plagiarism.
What is Referencing?

Referencing is a standardised method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that you have
used in your assignment in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Direct quotations, facts and
figures, as well as ideas and theories, from both published and unpublished works, must be referenced.

Why Reference?

Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and
read more fully the cited authors arguments.

Steps Involved in Referencing

1. Collecting Bibliographic Details

Note down the full bibliographic details of the source from which the information is taken, including the
relevant page number(s). This information is the basis of a citation or reference.

In the case of a book, bibliographical details refers to: author/editor, year of publication, title,
edition, volume number, place of publication and publisher as found on the front and back of the title
page. (Not all of these details will necessarily be applicable).

In the case of a journal article the details required include: author of the article, year of publication,
title of the article, title of the journal, volume and issue number of the journal, and page numbers.

For all electronic information, in addition to the above you should note the DOI (Digital Object
Identifier) if one exists, and if one does not exist, the web address (URL) of the database you found
the article in. For more details see the DOI Information Sheet.

2. In-Text Citations

A citation inserted at the appropriate place within the text of the document is called an in-text citation.
This usually takes the form of the name of the author, followed by the year of publication.

Two acceptable forms of in-text citations are:

Miller and Collins (2009) - use and when family names are outside parentheses
(Miller & Collins, 2009) - use & when family names are inside parentheses

If two or more authors are cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text
citation, separated by a semicolon, e.g., (Brown, 1991; Smith, 2003).

Short quotes

For fewer that 40 words incorporate the quote into the text and use double quotation marks.

. (Brown & Brown, 2008, p.112).

Brown and Brown (2008) suggested (p. 112), and this

would provide

When paraphrasing, the APA 6th manual (p.171) encourages you to provide page or paragraph
numbers to help the reader locate the information.

Use paragraph number for .html documents (e.g. British Empire 1922, 2009, para.4)

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 Page Numbers

Use p. for a single page and pp. for double pages.

Long Quotes

If the quotation is 40 or more words use a freestanding block of text

start on a new line

indent the block about half an inch from the left
use double spacing
omit quotations marks

3. Reference List

A reference list includes books, journal articles etc that you have cited in the text of
your essay whereas a bibliography is a list of sources consulted as well as cited.

The reference should appear at the end of your work on a separate page
The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author
Where an item has no author it is cited and listed by its title
The second and subsequent lines of each reference need a hanging indent
Use double spacing between references

Example of a Reference List in the APA style

Reference Types to use with EndNote

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 Elements of a Reference

A reference or citation consists of elements that allow the reader to trace the original book, article or
website you have consulted and cited.

Book:

Author (Year) Book title

Mack, C. (2005). Looking at the Renaissance: Essays toward a conceptual appreciation.

London, UK: Taylor & Francis.

Place of publication Publisher

Journal article from a database:

Author (Year) Title of the journal article

Pope, J., & Owen A. D. (2009). Emission trading schemes: Potential revenue effects,
compliance costs and overall tax policy issues. Energy Policy, 37, 4595-4603.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.014

Journal title Volume number

DOI
Article page numbers

Web Page:
Author (Year) Title

Steel, W. (2008). Hints for web authors. Retrieved from

http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~mudws/webhints.html

URL of the web page

Underlined hyperlink in URL

This can be removed if required. APA has no rule regarding the inclusion of a hyperlink and they
provide no guidance. This is at the discretion of the respective lecturers. For more information see the
APA Style Blog FAQ

Reference Types to use with EndNote

For Reference Types to use with EndNote, click here for the EndNote X5 LibGuide

Page 4 of 14
For Reference Types to use with EndNote, click here for the EndNote X5 LibGuide
Books (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Online)

Single author The theory was first considered in 2000 (Pash, 2008)
OR Pash, C. (2008). The last whale. North Fremantle, WA: Fremantle Press.
Pash (2008) claimed that

2 authors Roitman and LaFontaine (2012) Roitman, J. L., & LaFontaine, T. P. (2012). The exercise professionals guide to optimizing
OR health: Strategies for preventing and reducing chromic disease. Philadelphia, PA:
to achieve consistency (Roitman & LaFontaine, Wolters Kluwer Health.
2012, p. 45)

3,4,5 authors Conking, Alley, Broecker, and Denton (2011)

Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. Conking, P. W., Alley, R. B., Broecker, W. S., & Denton, G. H. (2011). The fate of Greenland:
Lessons from abrupt climate change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
In subsequent citations, include only the surname of
the first author followed by et al.

Conking et al. (2011) suggested that

OR
(Conking et al., 2011)

6,7 authors Bulliet et al. (2011) found that

OR Bulliet, R. W., Crossley, P. K., Headrick, D. R., Hirsch, S. W., Johnson, L. L., & Northrup, D.
(Bulliet et al., 2011) (2011). The earth and its peoples: A global history (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.

Cite only the surname of the first author followed by

et al.

8 or more authors (Gradel et al., 2007, p. 35)

OR Gradel, E., Kolaitis, P. G., Libkin, L., Marx, M., Spencer, J., Vardi, M. Y., Weinstein, S.
Gradel et al. (2007, p. 35) stated... (2007). Finite model theory and its applications. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by For works with 8 or more authors, list the first 6 authors, followed by 3 full stops ()
et al.
then the last authors name.
No author (Employment the professional way, 2000)
OR Employment the professional way: A guide to understanding the Australian job search
the book Employment the professional way (2000) process for professionally qualified migrants. (2000). Carlton, Vic: Australian
Multicultural Foundation.

Shorten title

Page 5 of 14
Books (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Online)
Multiple works by same University research (Martin, 2008, 2010) Martin, G. (2008). Essentials of terrorism: Concepts and controversies. Los Angeles, CA: Sage
author has indicated that Publications.

Martin, G. (2010). Understanding terrorism: Challenges, perspectives, and issues. Thousand Oaks,
CA: Sage Publications.

Order chronologically in the reference list.

Multiple works In recent reports (Napier, 1993a, Napier, A. (1993a). Fatal storm. Sydney, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
published in the same 1993b)
year by the same Napier, A. (1993b). Survival at sea. Sydney, NSW: Allen & Unwin.
author Use a/b etc. to differentiate between
works in same year. Order alphabetically by title in the reference list.

Works by different (L. Green, 2010) OR L. Green (2010) Green, L. (2010). The internet: An introduction to new media. New York, NY: Berg.
authors with same (R. Green, 2008) OR R. Green (2008)
surname Green, R. (2008). Global warming. Ann Arbor, MI: Cherry Lake Publishing.

Editor (Kasdorf, 2003, p. 15) Kasdorf, W. E. (Ed.). (2003). The Columbia guide to digital publishing. New York, NY:
Columbia University Press.

Different Editions (Renton, 2004, p. 51) Renton, N. (2004). Compendium of good writing (3rd ed.). Milton Keynes, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
OR
OR Merriam-Websters collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

(Merriam-Websters collegiate An edition number is placed after the title of the work - this is not necessary for a first edition.
dictionary, 2005)

Encyclopedia or The new Grove dictionary of music and Sadie, S. (Ed.). (1980). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians (6th ed., Vols. 1-20). London, UK:
Dictionary or multi- musicians (1980, p.85) defined it as Macmillan.
volume work

Article or chapter in a As discussed by Friedl (2003) Friedl, E. (2003). Society and sex roles. In J. P. Spradley & D. W. McCurdy (Eds.), Conformity and
book conflict: Readings in cultural anthropology (11th ed., pp. 261-289). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Article or chapter in a (Solving the Y2K Problem, 1997) Solving the Y2K problem. (1997). In D. Bowd (Ed.), Technology today and tomorrow (p. 27). New York, NY:
book no author Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Put title in quotation marks.

Image in a book The poster The 3 dark years (Sexton, Sexton, M. (2005). The great crash: The short life and sudden death of the Whitlam government.
2005, p. 184) Melbourne, Vic: Scribe Publications.

Page 6 of 14
Books (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Example
Online)
Book review (Robbins, 2010) Robbins, M. (2011). Conservation biology [Review of the book The American bird conservancy guide to bird
conservation, by D. J. Lebbin, M. J. Parr & G. H. Fenwick]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 86(4)
343-344. http:dx.doi.org/10.1086/662504

Electronic book (Apolloni, Pedrycz, Bassis & Malchiodi, Apolloni, B., Pedrycz, W., Bassis, S., & Malchiodi, D. (2008). The puzzle of granular computing.
(eBook) 2008, p. 130) Retrieved from http://www.springerlink.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/content/g6u77ux5v746/
#section=246151&page=1

Supply DOI where available, or URL (shorten URL) in the absence of DOI.

Chapter in eBook (Andrzej, Michael, & Philip, 2011) Andrzej, G., Michael, B., & Philip, C. (2011). High performance computing clouds. In B. Benatallah (Ed.),
Cloud computing methodology, systems, and applications (pp. 221-259).
http://dx.doi.org/:doi:10.1201/b11149-14

Thesis or (Ciccarelli, 2008, p. 89) Ciccarelli, M. L. (2008). Variation of posture and muscle activity during information and communication
Dissertation technology use by adults and school children. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Curtin
unpublished University of Technology, Bentley, W. A.

Thesis or (Dwyer, 2009, p. 152) Dwyer, R. (2009). Agency and exchange: An ethnography of heroin marketplace. (Doctoral
Dissertationpublished dissertation). Retrieved from http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au
available from an
institutional database Shorten URL

Journals (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Example

Online)
Article As mentioned by Morberg, Lagerstrom, Morberg, S., Lagerstrom, M., & Dellve, L. (2009). The perceived perceptions of head school nurses in
(Print) and Dellve (2009) developing school nursing roles within schools. Journal of Nursing Management, 17, 813-821.
OR
the head school nurses job Where the page numbers in the entire volume run consecutively, do not use issue number after the
(Morberg, Lagerstrom, & Dellve, volume number.
2009, p. 813)

Article no author (New Baltic Icebreakers, 2005) New Baltic icebreakers under construction at Baltiyski Zavod. (2005). Naval Architect, (July/August),
(Print) 32-34.
Use a short title with capitalisation
and enclosed in quotation marks.

Page 7 of 14
Journals (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Example
Online)
Newspaper article (Wilson, 2009) Wilson, A. (2009, November 26). BHP Billiton cautious on pace of global economic growth. The
Australian, p. 3.

If electronic, give the URL of the newspaper homepage.

(Seelye, 2010) Seelye, K.Q. (2012, December 3). Spate of harsh weather in New England shifts sentiment on trees. The New
York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Newspaper article no (Ingenuity and Hard Work, 2009) Ingenuity and hard work - 20 years of internet in Australia. (2009, November 26). Sydney Morning
author Herald, p. 35.
Use a short title with capitalisation
and enclosed in quotation marks. If electronic, give the URL of the newspaper homepage. Use Retrieved from followed by URL.

Press release (Watersmith, 2000) Watersmith, C. (2000, March 1). BHP enters new era [Press release]. Melbourne, Vic: BHP Limited.

(American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association. (2010, August 15). Todays superheroes send wrong image to boys,
2010 ) say researchers [Press release]. Retrieved from
http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/08/macho- stereotype-unhealthy.aspx

Full text journal from an (Pope & Owen, 2009) Pope, J., & Owen, A. D. (2009). Emission trading schemes: Potential revenue effects, compliance costs and
electronic database - overall tax policy issues. Energy Policy, 37, 4595-4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.014
DOI available OR
Where the page numbers in the entire volume run consecutively, do not use issue number after the
As Pope and Owen (2009) state volume number. Do not include the name of the database. Use Retrieved from followed by URL if no
DOI
Full text journal from an (Marshall & Anderson, 2008, p.464) Marshall, K., & Anderson, J. (2008). The Emperor's new clothes: A meta-study of education technology
electronic database - OR policies in Ireland, North and South (1996-2006). Computers & Education, 50(2), 463-474. Retrieved from
DOI not available As Marshall and Anderson (2008, http://www.sciencedirect.com
p.464) state
APA recommends using the journal homepage. However, for practical reasons the University has
adopted the gateway URL as this will be easier for students. Shorten URL.
If the article is in .pdf format, cite the
page number. If it is in .html format, Include the issue number if the journal is paginated by issue.
cite the paragraph number.

Full text journal from an The Internet has had a huge impact on Mobile phone addiction: A point of issue. (2010). Addiction, 105, 373-374. Retrieved from
electronic database the Australian economy (Mobile Phone http://proquest.umi.com
no author Addiction, 2010)
Where the page numbers in the entire volume run consecutively, do not use issue number after the
Put title in quotation marks. volume number. Shorten URL. Use Retrieved from followed by URL if no DOI.

Page 8 of 14
Journals (Print & In-Text Example Reference List Example
Online)
Full text newspaper, (Call to Save Indigenous Languages, Call to save indigenous languages. (2009, October 31). The Canberra Times. Retrieved from
newswire or 2009) http://global.factiva.com
magazine from an
electronic Put title in quotation marks. Shorten Shorten URL
database no title if necessary.
author

Full text from Internet Keogh et al., 2009, p.256) Keogh, L. A., van Vliet, C. M., Studdert, D. M., Maskiell, J. A., Macrae, F. A., St John, D. J., Jenkins, M. A.
more than 7 authors (2009). Is the uptake of genetic testing for colorectal cancer influenced by knowledge of insurance
If an article is in .pdf format, cite the implications? Medical Journal of Australia, 191(5), 255-258. Retrieved from http://www.mja.com.au/
page number. If it is in .html format, public/issues/191_05_070909/keo11470_fm.pdf
cite the paragraph number.
For works with more than 7 authors, list the first 6 authors, followed by 3 fullstops () then spell out
the last authors name. For other author variations refer to page 5.

In-press article (Briscoe, in press) Briscoe, R. (in press). Egocentric spatial representation in action and perception. Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research. Retrieved from http://cogprints.org/57801/ECSRAP.F07.pdf

Abstract as original (Giglia, 2012) Giglia, R.C. (2012). Alcohol consumption for breastfeeding women: Where to for policy makers? Current
source Pediatric Reviews, 8(4), 299-303. Abstract retrieved from http://www.scopus.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au
Use if full text is not available
Use if full text is not available

Article from Curtin (Flahvin, 1997, p.12) Flahvin, A. (1997). Sattin and the spectre of media liability for negligence. Communications Law
E-Reserve Bulletin, 16(4), 11-14. Retrieved from http://edocs.library.curtin.edu.au/eres_display.cgi?
url=dc60209184.pdf

Systematic Reviews (Leach & Morris, 2006) Leach, A. J., & Morris, P. S. (2006). Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media
in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2006(4), 1-92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004401.pub2

World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Examples

Document on (Steel, 2008 ) Steel, W. (2008). Hints for web authors. Retrieved from http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~mudws/webhints.html
WWW

Document on (British Empire 1922, 2009, para.4) British Empire 1922 and other empires. (2009). Retrieved from
WWW No http://www.angelfire.com/mac/egmatthews/worldinfo/europe/empire.html
author Use paragraph numbers for html
documents.

Page 9 of 14
World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Examples

Document on (Royal Institute of British Architects, Royal Institute of British Architects. (n.d.). Becoming an architect. Retrieved from
WWW No date n.d.) http://www.architecture.com/EducationAndCareersBecomingAnArchitectBecominganarchitect.aspx

Entire Website not Give the URLof the site in the text: No entry required in the reference list
specific document Kidspsych (http://www.kidspsych.org) is
a childrens website.

Blog post McDonald (2010) suggests that... McDonald, S.(2010, September 27). Noise in the library. [Web log post]. Retrieved from
http://blogs.curtin.edu.au/library/2010/09

Blog post reply (the smart one, 2010) the smart one. (2010, October 3). Re: Noise in the library. [Web log comment]. Retrieved from
http://blogs.curtin.edu.au/library/2010/09
Use the screen name for the author
of a blog post, if the author has
adopted one. Include full URL

Conference paper in (Prayag & Ramjee, 2009) Prayag, I. L., & Ramjee, R. (2009). The impact of Newcastle disease control on smallholder poultry production
Proceedings OR in Mauritius. In R. G. Alsers, P. B. Spadbrow, & M. P. Young (Eds.), Village chickens, poverty alleviation
As discussed by Prayag and Ramjee and the sustainable control of Newcastle disease: Proceedings of an international conference held in Dar
(2009) es Salaam, Tanzania, 5-7 October 2005 (pp. 132-134). Canberra, ACT: Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research.
In the case of conference proceedings available electronically, replace publisher and location details
with the DOI where available or URL in the absence of DOI.

E-mail discussion list (cindiann, 2009) cindiann. (2009, July 23). Re: Recommended photography books [Online discussion group comment].
web archive Retrieved from http://www.flickr.com/groups/365libs/discuss/72157621780867836/

Use the screen name (or nickname) the author adopts if this is used in the discussion group entry.
Facebook (Group name, 2009) When I was your age, Pluto was a planet. [ca. 2009]. In Facebook [Group page]. Retrieved December 16,
(Page, Note or Update) 2009, from http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2207893888
To cite a Facebook feed as a whole or
If date can be to discuss it in general give the site URL
reasonably in text, inside parentheses. There is no
approximated use ca need for a reference list entry.
for (circa) [ca. 2010]

Image on the web The photo Autumn ivy (Curtin Curtin University Library. (2007). Autumn ivy [Image]. Retrieved from
University Library, 2007)...... http://www.flickr.com/photos/curtinuniversitylibrary/1440410713/

Page 10 of 14
World Wide Web In-Text Example Reference List Examples

Lecture notes (Brieger, 2005) Brieger, B. (2005). Lecture 3: Recruitment and involvement of trainees [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/TrainingMethodsContinuingEducation/lectureNotes.cfm

These are treated like books if they are published, but like personal communication if they are your own notes
or unpublished. Lecture notes are considered published if they have been copied and distributed in print or on
the web with the instructor's permission.

Podcast (Seega & Swan, 2005) Seega, B. (Producer), & Swan, N. (Presenter). (2005, November 28). Adult ADHD [Audio podcast]. Retrieved
from http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt

Twitter update or (BarackObama, 2009) BarackObama. (2009, July 15). Launched American Graduation Initiative to help additional 5 mill. Americans
tweet graduate college by 2020: http://bit.ly/gcTX7 [Tweet]. Retrieved from
To cite a Twitter feed as a whole or to http://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/2651151366
discuss it in general give the site URL in
text, inside parentheses. There is no
need for a reference list entry.

Video file (markapsolon, 2011) markapsolon. (2011, September 9). Real ghost girl caught on Video Tape 14 [Video file]. Retrieved from
(e.g. YouTube video) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbxD848

Use the screen name markapsolon as it appears online.

If the users real name is available list it first, followed by the screen name [markapsolon] in brackets

Web streaming video Fukuyama (2006) recalled that... Fukuyama, M. (2006). At the corner of me and myself: Voices of multiple social identities [Streaming video].
Hanover, MA: Microtraining Associates. Retrieved from
http://ctiv.alexanderstreet.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/View/535741

Government In-Text Example Reference List Examples

Publications
Acts of Parliament The Commonwealths Copyright Act Legislation is included in a list of references only if it is important to an understanding of the work.
(including bills) 1968 Set the list apart from the main body of the reference under the subheading 'Legislation'.
(In future references, omit date)
Essential elements:

Short Title of Act (Jurisdiction) eg: Copyright Act 1968 (Cth)

When using a section in an Act, you can do a pinpoint reference eg: Criminal Code WA, s. 348

If legislation is obtained from an electronic database, add a retrieved statement as for electronic
journal articles.

Page 11 of 14
Government In-Text Example Reference List Examples
Publications
Case (John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Gacic [2007] HCA 28
Gacic, 2007)
If case is obtained from an electronic database, add a retrieved statement as for electronic journal
articles.

Australian Bureau of (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education and care (No. 4402.0). Canberra, ACT: Author.
Statistics Bulletin
OR The word Author is used as the publisher when the author and publisher are the same

(Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS],

2008) and for subsequent citations use
(ABS, 2008)

Statistics from the (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2008). Childhood education and care (No. 4402.0). Retrieved from
Australian Bureau of http://www.abs.gov.au
Statistics
website See above
Census Information (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006) Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006). Census of population and housing: B01 selected characteristics
See above (First release processing) postal area 6050. Retrieved http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au

See above
Government Report (Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. (2010). Aircraft movements through capital city
Regional Economics, 2010) airports to 2029-30 (Report 117). Retrieved http://www.bitre.gov.au/publications/55/Files/
Report%20117.pdf

Fact Sheet (RAND Corporation, 2006) RAND Corporation. (2006). Three steps for improving the quality of mental health care in the United States
[Fact sheet]. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/2006/RAND_RB9190.pdf

Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Examples

Brochure (Research and Training Centre on Research and Training Centre on Independent Living. (2008). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people
Independent Living, 2008, p. 2) with disabilities (11th ed.) [Brochure]. Melbourne, Vic: Author.

Add Author for the publisher when the author and publisher are the same.

Computer (Miller, 1993) Miller, M. E. (1993). The interactive tester (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Westminster, CA: Psytek
Software Services.

Instead of author use the Programmer or Rightsholder

Page 12 of 14
Other Sources In-Text Example Reference List Examples

ERIC document Davis and Lombardi (1996) put forward Davis, R. K., & Lombardi, T. P. (1996). The quality of life of rural high school special education graduates. In
(microfiche) the proposal that Rural goals 2000: Building programs that work [Microfiche]. (ED394765).

Films and (Scorsese & Lonergan, 2000) Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion picture].
Video recordings of Hollywood, CA: Paramount Pictures.
films.

DVDs and video (American Psychological Association, American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient expressions of
recordings 2000) sexual attraction [DVD]. Washington, DC: Author.

The word Author is used as the publisher when the author and publisher are the same

Data Set (U.S. Department of Education, National U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2011). IPEDS enrolment survey [Data
Center for Education Statistics, 2011) file]. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/forum/datamodel/eiebrowser/datasets.aspx

Personal It was confirmed that an outbreak Not included in reference list as they cannot be traced by the reader.
communication, e-mail occurred in London (S. Savieri, personal
and discussion lists communication, April 24, 1999)
with no web archive

Patent U.S. Patent No. 66991798-B1 (2004) Lindsay, S. J. (2004). U.S. Patent No. 66991798-B1. Derwent Innovations Index: United States Patent
OR Office.
(U.S. Patent No. 66991798-B1, 2004)

Standard (Standards Australia, 1997) Standards Australia. (2010). Child restraint systems for use in motor vehicles (AS/NZ 1754:2010).
Retrieved from http://www.saiglobal.com

Shorten URL
Television and (Thomason, Rudd, & Fineri, 2007) Thomason, M., Rudd, P., & Fineri, W. (Writers/Directors). (2007). North West Passage [Television series
radio programmes - episode]. In T. Wright (Supervising Producer), Captain Cook: Obsession and discovery. Melbourne, Vic:
single episode in a Film Australia.
series

Television and Leonard and de Pieri (2009) Leonard, D. (Producer), & de Pieri, S. (Presenter). (2009). A gondola on the Murray [Television series].
radio programmes - Melbourne, Vic: ABC Television.
series or single
programme A single programme is called a Television broadcast. Specify the broadcast date for a single
programme.

Page 13 of 14
Authors citing other In-Text Examples Reference List Examples
authors

Book including neuralgia (Carini & Hogan, Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (Eds.). (2002). The human body in health and disease. St. Louis, MO:
as cited in Thibodeau & Patton, 2002, p. Mosby.
Quote by one author 45)
used in the text of a Record the book that you actually used.
different book OR

Carini and Hogans study (as cited in

Thibodeau & Patton, 2002, p. 45)

Journal article Carini and Hogans study (as cited in Patton, K. T. (2002). Neuralgia and headaches. Science, 400, 2153-55.
Patton, 2002)
Quote by one author Record the journal that you actually used.
used in the text of a OR
different article
origins of neuralgia (Carini &
Hogan, as cited in Patton, 2002, p.
2154)

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