Astm e 1897 PDF
Astm e 1897 PDF
Astm e 1897 PDF
1
E 1897
than ambient temperature. Potential errors can be minimized isotherm) to measure and compensate for the reflected tem-
by ensuring the stability of the temperature difference between perature error incident upon the blackbody simulator.
the source and the ambient temperature during the test. Also, 8.1.4 With the imagers computer emittance control still set
the transmittance measurement accuracy can be increased by to 1.00, measure and record the apparent temperature of this
increasing this temperature difference. same portion of the blackbody simulator.
6.1.2 Errors can be minimized by ensuring that the tempera- 8.1.5 Position the attenuating medium between the imagers
ture of the attenuating medium is as close as possible to the detector or lens and the blackbody simulator.
reflected temperature incident upon the specimen. 8.1.6 Without moving the imager, adjust its computers
6.1.3 The compositions and thicknesses of attenuating me- emissivity control until the imagers computer indicates the
dia can vary within the same specimen. Errors can be mini- same temperature recorded in 8.1.4. The indicated emissivity
mized by measuring through the same portion of the specimen value is the transmittance of the attenuating medium, at this
every time. blackbody simulator temperature and radiometers spectral
6.2 Test Method for Compensating for Unknown Errors waveband.
When Measuring the Temperature of a Specimen With a Known 8.1.7 Repeat 8.1.1 through 8.1.6 a minimum of three times
Emissivity Through an Attenuating Medium Having a Known and average the transmittance values to yield an average
Transmittance: transmittance.
6.2.1 Errors can be minimized by ensuring that the tempera- 8.2 To measure the temperature of a specimen having a
ture of the attenuating medium is as close as possible to the known emissivity through an attenuating medium having a
reflected temperature incident upon the specimen. known transmittance, use the following sequential steps.
6.3 The transmittance of an attenuating medium may be 8.2.1 Point the infrared imaging radiometer at the specimen
specific to the temperature of the medium and the spectral and focus on the portion where the temperature is to be
waveband of the radiometer used to make the measurement. measured. Place the attenuating medium having a known
Therefore, the temperature of the measured specimen and the transmittance between the imagers detector or lens and the
spectral waveband of the radiometer used should be noted with specimen.
the measured transmittance value. 8.2.2 Instead of 1.00, enter the measured transmittance
6.4 The use of these test methods to compensate for the percentage of the attenuating medium under the imagers
transmittance of an attenuating medium is valid only when emissivity input (sometime referred to as emittance or E).
measuring the temperatures of specimens that are opaque in the Use an appropriate infrared imaging radiometer function (such
waveband of the infrared imaging radiometer. as spot temperature, crosshairs or isotherm) to measure and
7. Apparatus compensate for the reflected temperature error incident upon
the specimen.
7.1 A calibrated infrared imaging radiometer with a built-in
8.2.3 Calculate the combined emissivity and transmittance
computer that allows the infrared thermographer to input
correction value by multiplying the known emissivity of the
reflected temperatures and emissivity values.
specimen times the known transmittance of the attenuating
7.2 The test method for measuring the transmittance of an
medium. Record this combined correction value.
attenuating medium requires a tripod or device to support the
infrared imaging radiometer. 8.2.4 Repeat 8.2.1 through 8.2.3 a minimum of three times
7.3 The test method for measuring the transmittance of an and average the values to yield an average combined correction
attenuating medium requires a high-emissivity source that is value.
heated to a stable temperature at least 20C above ambient 8.2.5 Compensate for emissivity and transmittance errors by
temperature. entering the combined correction value recorded in 8.2.3 in the
7.4 The test method for measuring and compensating for infrared radiometric imagers computer under the emissivity
unknown transmittance and emissivity errors when the speci- input.
men temperature is known requires a calibrated thermometer to 8.3 To measure and compensate for unknown transmittance
measure the temperature of the specimen. and emissivity errors when the specimen temperature is
known, use the following sequential steps. Use an appropriate
8. Procedure infrared imaging radiometer function (such as spot tempera-
8.1 To measure the transmittance of an attenuating medium, ture, crosshairs or isotherm) to measure and compensate for the
use the following sequential steps: reflected temperature error incident upon the specimen.
8.1.1 Place the infrared imaging radiometer on the tripod or 8.3.1 Point the imager at the specimen and the portion of the
support device at the desired location and distance from the specimen having an unknown emissivity. Place the attenuating
blackbody simulator. medium(s) with an unknown transmittance(s) between the
8.1.2 Point the infrared imaging radiometer at the black- imagers detector or lens and the specimen.
body simulator and focus on a portion that has an emissivity of 8.3.2 With another thermometer, measure and record the
0.95 or greater. Make sure that the blackbody simulator is at a temperature of the portion of the specimen delineated with the
stable temperature at least 20C above the ambient tempera- infrared imaging radiometers measurement function.
ture. 8.3.3 With the imager still focused on the same portion of
8.1.3 Use an appropriate infrared imaging radiometer mea- the specimen, adjust the imagers computer emissivity control
surement function (such as spot temperature, crosshairs or until the indicated temperature is the same as the temperature
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E 1897
just recorded in 8.3.2. Record this emissivity value which is methods can be inferred from the results of the replicate tests
the combined correction value for errors produced by the specified in 8.1.7, 8.2.4, and 8.3.4.
transmittance of the attenuating medium and the emissivity of 9.2 BiasThe bias cannot be determined by these test
the specimen, at this medium temperature and radiometers methods because the values of transmittance are defined only
spectral waveband. in terms of the test methods.
8.3.4 Repeat 8.3.1 through 8.3.3 a minimum of three times
and average the emissivity values to yield an average combined 10. Keywords
correction value.
8.3.5 Enter this average combined correction value in the 10.1 attenuating medium; blackbody simulator; emissivity;
imager computer under the emissivity input to compensate for filter; imaging, infrared; infrared testing; infrared thermogra-
errors produced by this attenuating medium when measuring a phy; nondestructive testing; radiometry; reflected temperature;
specimen with the same emissivity. temperature compensation; transmittance; temperature mea-
surement; window
9. Precision and Bias
9.1 PrecisionA measure of the precision of these test
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