Starr 02 - 03

Starr 02 - 03
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which is NOT an element?

a. water b. oxygen c. carbon d. chlorine e. hydrogen
____ 2. Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?
a. atom b. compound c. ion d. molecule e. mixture
____ 3. The atom that represents the greatest weight in the human body is
a. hydrogen. b. carbon. c. nitrogen. d. oxygen. e. phosphorus.
____ 4. The atomic number refers to the
a. mass of an atom. b. number of protons in an atom. c. number of both protons and neutrons in an atom.
d. number of neutrons in an atom. e. number of electrons in an atom.
____ 5. Radioactive isotopes
a. are electrically unbalanced. b. behave the same chemically and physically but differ biologically from
other isotopes. c. are the same physically and biologically but differ from other isotopes chemically. d. have
an excess number of neutrons. e. are produced when substances are exposed to radiation.
____ 6. Which is NOT a compound?
a. salt b. a carbohydrate c. carbon d. a nucleotide e. methane
____ 7. The negative subatomic particle is the
a. neutron. b. proton. c. electron. d. both the neutron and proton. e. both the proton and electron.
____ 8. The positive subatomic particle is the
____ 9. The neutral subatomic particle is the
____ 10. The nucleus of an atom contains
a. neutrons and protons. b. neutrons and electrons. c. protons and electrons. d. protons only. e. neutrons
only.
____ 11. Which components of an atom are negatively charged?
I. electrons
II. protons
III. neutrons
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III

____ 12. Which components of an atom do not have a charge?
I. electrons
II. protons
III. neutrons
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III

____ 13. The atomic weight (or mass) of an atom is determined by the weight of
only.
____ 14. The atomic number is determined by the number of
only.
____ 15. If the atomic weight of carbon is 12 and the atomic weight of oxygen is 16, the molecular weight of glucose
(C6H12O6) is
a. 24 grams. b. 28 grams. c. 52 grams. d. 168 grams. e. 180 grams.
____ 16. All atoms of an element have the same number of
a. ions. b. protons. c. neutrons. d. electrons. e. protons and neutrons.
____ 17. Trace elements
a. are used in minute amounts in plants. b. can be monitored through biochemical reactions. c. must be
radioactive. d. have an unbalanced electrical charge.
____ 18. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. All isotopes of an element have the same number of electrons. b. All isotopes of an element have the same
number of protons. c. All isotopesof an element have the same number of neutrons. d. All radioactive
isotopes are unstable.
____ 19. Radioactive isotopes have
a. excess electrons. b. excess protons. c. excess neutrons. d. insufficient neutrons. e. insufficient protons.
____ 20. In the chemical shorthand 14C, the fourteen represents the number of
a. excess neutrons. b. protons plus neutrons. c. electrons. d. protons plus electrons. e. radioactive
particles.
____ 21. In a chemical equation, the chemicals to the left of the arrow are
a. products. b. in greater abundance. c. at higher energy levels. d. reactants. e. all of these
____ 22. Radioactive iodine tends to concentrate in the
a. heart. b. lungs. c. gonads. d. bones. e. thyroid glands.
____ 23. Which statement concerning radioisotope 14C is LEAST accurate?
a. It will substitute for 12C in glucose. b. It will kill cells in which it occurs. c. It has more neutrons than 12C.
d. It behaves the same chemically as 12C. e. It has six carbons and eight neutrons.
____ 24. When carbon 14 undergoes radioactive decay, __________ is produced.
a. carbon 12 b. carbon 13 c. carbon 14 d. nitrogen 14 e. oxygen 14
____ 25. By analogy, the orbitals and atomic nucleus may be said to most resemble a
a. merry-go-round. b. sundial. c. solar system. d. nest of mixing bowls. e. wave of water currents.
____ 26. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are in its third energy level?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10
____ 27. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are in its first energy level?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10
____ 28. Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are in its second energy level?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10
____ 29. Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7. How many hydrogen atoms are necessary to join with the nitrogen to
form a stable compound?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
____ 30. Oxygen, with an atomic number of 8, has __________ electrons in the first energy level and __________
electrons in the second energy level.
a. 1, 7 b. 2, 6 c. 3, 5 d. 4, 4 e. 5, 3
____ 31. Which statement is NOT true?
a. Electrons closest to the nucleus are at the lowest energy level. b. No more than two electrons can occupy a
single orbital. c. Electrons are unable to move out of the assigned orbital space. d. The innermost orbital
holds two electrons. e. At the second energy level there are four possible orbitals with a total of eight
electrons.
____ 32. Water is an example of a(n)
a. atom. b. ion. c. compound. d. mixture. e. element.
____ 33. Which includes the other four?
a. atoms b. molecules c. electrons d. elements e. protons
____ 34. Which statement is false?
a. A molecule is made of at least two atoms. b. Compounds are made of elements. c. Two atoms of oxygen
make a molecule of oxygen. d. Proportions of elements in compounds vary according to their source in
nature. e. Elements are found in compounds and molecules.
____ 35. A molecule is
a. a combination of two or more atoms. b. less stable than its constituent atoms separated. c. electrically
charged. d. a carrier of one or more extra neutrons. e. none of these
____ 36. What is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron?
a. mole b. ion c. molecule d. bond e. reaction
____ 37. Which of the following is NOT accurate concerning ionization?
a. When one atom loses an electron, another must gain. b. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes
negatively charged. c. Ionic bonds form between ionized atoms. d. In the compound NaCl, Na loses an
electron to become positive. e. In an ion, the number of protons and electrons is unequal.
____ 38. The bond in table salt (NaCl) is
a. polar. b. ionic. c. covalent. d. double. e. nonpolar.
____ 39. In __________ bonds, both atoms exert the same pull on shared electrons.
a. nonpolar covalent b. polar covalent c. double covalent d. triple covalent
____ 40. Which of these statements is false concerning covalent bonds?
a. Atoms share electrons. b. Proteins possess many covalent bonds. c. Water contains polar covalent bonds.
d. Covalent bonds may be "double bonds." e. Polar covalent bonds share electrons equally.
____ 41. Electrons are shared in bonds called
a. covalent. b. polar. c. nonpolar. d. all of these
____ 42. The shape (or tertiary form) of large molecules is often controlled by what kind of bonds?
a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. inert e. single
____ 43. A hydrogen bond is
a. a sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen and an oxygen nucleus. b. a sharing of a pair of
electrons between a hydrogen nucleus and either an oxygen or a nitrogen nucleus. c. an attractive force that
involves a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are either in two different molecules or
within the same molecule. d. none of these e. all of these
____ 44. Which of the following is NOT true of hydrogen bonds?
a. They are quite weak. b. The hydrogen is slightly positive. c. They are common in macromolecules.
d. They form in salts such as NaCl. e. They always involve hydrogen.
____ 45. Water is important to the interactions of biological molecules because
a. water molecules are attracted to the charged regions of molecules such as proteins. b. it forms a cushion
around the macromolecules. c. it helps disperse the macromolecules for reactivity. d. it prevents settling of
the molecules in places where they would be unavailable. e. all of these
____ 46. Hydrophobic molecules are __________ water.
a. attracted to b. absorbed by c. repelled by d. mixed with e. polarized by
____ 47. Which of the following is true of water?
a. The oxygen end is slightly electropositive. b. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together. c. Water
covers about one-half of the earth's surface. d. Hydrophobic interactions attract water molecules. e. Solvent
properties are greatest with nonpolar molecules.
____ 48. Water is an excellent solvent because
a. it forms spheres of hydration around charged substances and can form hydrogen bonds with many
substances. b. it has a high heat-containing property. c. of its cohesive properties. d. it is a liquid at room
temperature. e. all of these
____ 49. In a lipid bilayer, the __________ phospholipid tails point inward and form a region that excludes water.
a. acidic b. basic c. hydrophilic d. hydrophobic e. none of these
____ 50. Glucose dissolves in water because it
a. ionizes. b. is a polysaccharide. c. is polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.
d. has a very reactive primary structure. e. none of these
____ 51. Water has the ability to retard heat gain and loss due to its
a. hydrophilic interactions. b. evaporation. c. hydrogen bonds. d. crystal structure. e. liquidity.
____ 52. The column of water extending in tubes from plant roots to leaves is due mostly to
a. cohesion. b. evaporation. c. ionization. d. hydrophobic interactions. e. all of these
____ 53. Sodium chloride (NaCl) in water could be described by any of the following EXCEPT:
a. Na+ and Cl- form b. a solute c. ionized d. forms spheres of hydration e. dissolved
____ 54. A salt will dissolve in water to form
a. acids. b. gases. c. ions. d. bases. e. polar solvents.
____ 55. A reaction of an acid and a base will produce water and
a. a buffer. b. a salt. c. gas. d. solid precipitate. e. solute.
____ 56. Which of the following is a naked proton?
a. hydrogen ion b. acid c. base d. hydroxyl ion e. acceptor
____ 57. Which of the following would NOT be used in connection with the word acid?
a. excess hydrogen ions b. contents of the stomach c. magnesium hydroxide d. HCl e. pH less than 7
____ 58. A pH of 10 is how many times as basic as a pH of 7?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 10 d. 100 e. 1,000
____ 59. A solution with a pH of 8 has how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 100 e. 1,000
____ 60. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Acids release hydrogen ions. b. In a neutral solution, the amounts of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are
almost equal. c. Salts precipitate out of solution and have no function in cells. d. Polar water molecules are
attracted to water. e. Hydrogen bonding between water molecules gives water its temperature-stabilizing and
cohesive properties.
____ 61. Cellular pH is kept near a value of 7 because of
a. salts. b. buffers. c. acids. d. bases. e. water.
____ 62. Four of the five answers listed below possess electrons in the third energy level. Select the exception.
a. sodium b. magnesium c. chlorine d. nitrogen e. sulfur
____ 63. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a unifying characteristic. Select the exception.
a. ionic bond b. covalent bond c. polar bond d. hydrogen bond e. cluster of nonpolar groups
____ 64. Four of the five answers listed below are alkaline (pH above 7). Select the exception.
a. milk of magnesia b. household ammonia c. Tums d. phosphate detergent e. wine
____ 65. Four of the five answers listed below are acidic (pH below 7). Select the exception.
a. vinegar b. soft drink c. soap d. lemon juice e. beer
____ 66. Four of the five answers listed below are positively charged ions. Select the exception.
a. potassium ion b. hydrogen ion c. calcium ion d. magnesium ion e. chlorine ion
____ 67. Four of the five answers listed below are characteristics of water. Select the exception.
a. stabilizes temperature b. is a common solvent c. has cohesion and surface tension d. produces salts
e. changes shape of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances
____ 68. The three most common atoms in your body are
a. hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. b. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. c. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
d. nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. e. carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.
____ 69. Carbon usually forms how many bonds with other atoms?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6
____ 70. The atom diagnostically associated with organic compounds is
a. carbon. b. oxygen. c. nitrogen. d. sulfur. e. hydrogen.
____ 71. Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and oxygen has an atomic number of 8. Which combination of carbon and
oxygen atoms is most stable?
a. 1 carbon, 2 oxygen b. 1 carbon, 3 oxygen c. 2 carbon, 1 oxygen d. 2 carbon, 2 oxygen e. 3 carbon, 1
oxygen
____ 72. Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not considered an "organic" compound because
a. it is not found in the earth. b. it is not present in living cells. c. no hydrogen is present. d. the carbons
are not in chains or rings. e. it is too small.
____ 73. Which compound is hydrophobic?
a. ethyl alcohol b. simple sugar c. hydrocarbon d. glycerol e. amino acid
____ 74. An -OH group is a(n) __________ group.
a. carboxyl b. hydroxyl c. amino d. methyl e. ketone
____ 75. A -CH3 group is a(n) __________ group.
____ 76. An -NH2 group is a(n) __________ group.
____ 77. A -COOH group is a(n) __________ group.
____ 78. Which are NOT macromolecules?
a. proteins b. polysaccharides c. nucleotides d. lipids e. nucleic acids
____ 79. Which of the following would NOT be classified as a polymer?
a. starch b. nucleic acid c. triglyceride d. protein e. polysaccharide
____ 80. The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is known as what kind of reaction?
a. oxidation b. reduction c. condensation d. hydrolysis e. decarboxylation
____ 81. The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water is an example of what kind of reaction?
a. oxidation b. reduction c. condensation d. hydrolysis e. decarboxylation
____ 82. A condensation reaction typically produces
a. monomers. b. salts. c. polymers. d. simple sugars. e. amino acids.
____ 83. Which of the following demonstrates a condensation reaction?
a. photosynthesis b. digestion c. lipid synthesis d. photosynthesis and lipid synthesis e. photosynthesis,
digestion, and lipid synthesis
____ 84. Which reaction results in the breakdown of a chemical into simpler substances?
a. synthesis b. cleavage c. condensation d. polymerization e. both cleavage and condensation
____ 85. Condensation and hydrolysis are accomplished in cells by
a. bonding attraction. b. the action of enzymes. c. spontaneous action. d. functional group interactions.
e. all of these
____ 86. The relatively unimportant by-product(s) of many condensation reactions is (are)
a. carbon dioxide. b. aldehyde groups. c. enzymes. d. alcohols. e. water.
____ 87. Which is a monomer of carbohydrates?
a. glycogen b. nucleotide c. simple sugar d. monosaccharide e. both simple sugar and monosaccharide
____ 88. Which substance is the most common in cells?
a. carbohydrates b. salts and minerals c. proteins d. fats e. nucleic acids
____ 89. A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called
a. polymers. b. isomers. c. monomers. d. isotopes. e. dimers.
____ 90. Which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?
a. carbohydrate b. protein c. lipid d. nucleic acid e. steroid
____ 91. Monosaccharides are characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. a carboxyl group b. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio c. a molecule of three to seven carbon
atoms d. possession of one or more hydroxyl groups e. the presence of glycerol and fatty acids
____ 92. Fructose and glucose are
a. isotopes. b. monosaccharides. c. disaccharides. d. six-carbon sugars. e. both monosaccharides and six-
carbon sugars.
____ 93. The primary carbohydrate used in the transport of food from the leaves to the root is
a. glucose. b. sucrose. c. fructose. d. maltose. e. lactose.
____ 94. Oligosaccharides are used as
a. transport molecules in plants. b. storage compounds in both plants and animals. c. as side chains on
proteins. d. as monomers to form polysaccharides. e. both transport molecules in plants and as side chains
on proteins.
____ 95. Glucose and fructose are different
a. in the number of carbons they possess. b. in their relationship to the sucrose molecules. c. in the way that
their atoms are arranged. d. in the number of double bonds they possess. e. both in the way that their atoms
are arranged and in the number of double bonds they possess.
____ 96. Glucose and fructose
a. form rings with the same number of carbon atoms. b. both have an oxygen atom as part of their ring
structure. c. are alike in that both are aldehydes. d. contain the same number of hydrogens and hydroxyl
groups. e. are disaccharides.
____ 97. Fructose and glucose are
a. hexoses. b. structurally different. c. monosaccharides. d. simple sugars. e. all of these
____ 98. Glucose and ribose
a. have the same number of carbon atoms. b. have the same structural formulas. c. are the two components
of sucrose. d. are monosaccharides. e. are molecules whose atoms are arranged the same way.
____ 99. Sucrose is composed of
a. two molecules of fructose. b. two molecules of glucose. c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of
glucose. d. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose. e. two molecules of fructose.
____ 100. The combination of glucose and galactose forms
a. fructose. b. maltose. c. lactose. d. sucrose. e. mannose.
____ 101. Sugar dissolves in water because
a. it is a nonpolar molecule. b. water can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups. c. it forms rings when
it gets wet. d. it is a nonpolar molecule and water can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups. e. it is a
nonpolar molecule; water can form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups; and it forms rings when it gets
wet.
____ 102. Sugars are characterized by all but which one of the following functional groups?
a. hydroxyl b. carboxyl c. ketone d. aldehyde e. methyl
____ 103. Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of
a. starch. b. glycogen. c. glucose. d. cellulose. e. fats.
____ 104. Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by
a. animals. b. plants. c. protistans. d. monerans. e. both animals and protistans.
____ 105. Cellulose is
a. a material found in cell walls. b. a component of cell membranes. c. a plant protein. d. formed by
photosynthesis. e. the most complex of the organic compounds.
____ 106. Which of these components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least
digestion?
a. sugar (in the dressing) b. oil (lipid) c. starch (in the croutons) d. cellulose (lettuce leaves) e. protein (in
bacon bits)
____ 107. Which is NOT a monosaccharide?
a. glucose b. fructose c. deoxyribose d. starch e. ribose
____ 108. Which of the following includes all the others?
a. sucrose b. glucose c. cellulose d. glycogen e. carbohydrate
____ 109. Which of the following cannot be used to describe some aspect of polysaccharides?
a. energy storage b. straight or branched chain c. glucose subunits d. insoluble in water
____ 110. A polysaccharide
a. is composed of many monosaccharides that have been linked together. b. may be straight and unbranched
or highly branched. c. is most likely made of glucose molecules if it is one of the natural polysaccharides.
d. may be insoluble because of its large size and structure. e. all of these
____ 111. Chitin is a polysaccharide with __________ atoms attached to the glucose backbone.
a. magnesium b. phosphorus c. potassium d. nitrogen e. sulfur
____ 112. Which of the following is more soluble in a nonpolar solvent (such as acetone) than in water?
a. lipids b. polysaccharides c. fats d. sterols e. all of these except polysaccharides
____ 113. Triglycerides are
a. carbohydrates. b. nucleotides. c. proteins. d. neutral fats. e. amino acids.
____ 114. Oils are
a. liquid at room temperatures. b. unsaturated fats. c. found only in animals. d. complex carbohydrates.
e. both liquid at room temperature and unsaturated fats.
____ 115. Which of the following are lipids?
a. sterols b. triglycerides c. oils d. waxes e. all of these
____ 116. Sterols
a. are used in the synthesis of amino acids. b. consist of four rings. c. may have different numbers, types,
and positions of functional groups attached to them. d. are a specialized type of lipid. e. All of the choices
are true except "are used in the synthesis of amino acids."
____ 117. Sterols
a. contribute to atherosclerosis. b. are not found in plants. c. are fats characterized by fatty-acid tails. d. are
needed to produce sexual development and maturity. e. both contribute to atherosclerosis and are needed to
produce sexual development and maturity.
____ 118. Cholesterol
a. is synthesized in the large intestine. b. floats free in the bloodstream. c. is used in the construction of
biomembranes. d. levels in the bloodstream can be increased by eating plant fats. e. is much greater in the
bloodstream of rats than humans.
____ 119. Which of the following is secreted by specific glands?
a. waxes b. triglycerides c. bone and cartilage d. hemoglobin e. keratin
____ 120. Long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols is characteristic of
a. triglycerides. b. phospholipids. c. sterols. d. waxes. e. glycoproteins.
____ 121. Polyunsaturated fats
a. have fewer hydrogens than saturated fats. b. are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats.
c. contribute to the possibility of arteriosclerosis. d. have no double bonds. e. are solid at room temperature.
____ 122. If the cuticle were removed from an apple while leaving the skin intact,
a. the apple would lose water and dehydrate. b. the apple would undergo fungal decomposition. c. nothing
would happen. d. the apple would begin to swell as it absorbs moisture from the air. e. all of these
____ 123. An example of a saturated fat is
a. olive oil. b. corn oil. c. butter. d. oleo. e. soybean oil.
____ 124. Lipids
a. serve as food reserves in many organisms. b. include cartilage and chitin. c. include fats consisting of one
fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules. d. are composed of monosaccharides. e. none of these
____ 125. Plasma membranes are characterized by the presence of
a. triglycerides. b. phospholipids. c. unsaturated fats. d. steroids. e. fatty acids.
____ 126. All sterols have
a. the same number of double bonds. b. double bonds in the same positions. c. four rings of carbon to which
are attached other atoms. d. the same functional groups. e. the same number and positions of double bonds.
____ 127. Sterols are
a. compounds that are related to lipids. b. sex hormones. c. components of membranes. d. troublesome on
artery walls. e. all of these
____ 128. Primary protein structure is dependent on
a. hydrophobic interactions. b. hydrogen bonds. c. bonds between carbon and hydrogen. d. covalent
linkages between carbon and oxygen. e. all of these
____ 129. Proteins may function as
a. structural units. b. hormones. c. storage molecules. d. transport molecules. e. all of these
____ 130. Which amino acid possesses the least extensive R group?
a. proline b. serine c. tryptophan d. cysteine e. glycine
____ 131. Which of the following is structurally the simplest of the amino acids?
a. proline b. serine c. tryptophan d. cysteine e. glycine
____ 132. The R group found in amino acids consists of
a. an amine group. b. a hydroxyl group. c. a carboxyl group. d. additional atoms. e. an amine group and a
carboxyl group.
____ 133. Amino acids are the building blocks for
a. proteins. b. steroids. c. lipids. d. nucleic acids. e. carbohydrates.
____ 134. What kind of bond exists between two amino acids in a protein?
a. peptide b. ionic c. hydrogen d. amino e. sulfhydroxyl
____ 135. The sequence of amino acids is the __________ structure of proteins.
a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. quaternary e. stereo
____ 136. Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a protein?
a. disulfide b. hydrogen c. ionic d. peptide e. none of these
____ 137. The secondary structure of proteins is
a. helical. b. sheetlike. c. globular. d. the sequence of amino acids. e. both helical and sheetlike.
____ 138. The interaction of four polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is __________ structure.
a. quaternary b. secondary c. primary d. tertiary e. quintinery
____ 139. Glycoproteins are NOT used for which of the following?
a. outer cell membranes b. cell secretions c. blood proteins d. transport of cholesterol e. cell
identification
____ 140. Denaturation of proteins may result in all but one of the following. Which one is it?
a. breakage of hydrogen bonds b. loss of three-dimensional structure c. removal of R groups from amino
acids d. alteration of enzyme activity e. endangerment of cell's life
____ 141. The sixth amino acid in normal hemoglobin is glutamate, but it is replaced by __________ in sickle-cell
anemia.
a. histidine b. proline c. leucine d. valine e. threonine
____ 142. Which of the following is NOT a known dysfunction in the expression of sickle-cell anemia?
a. loss of shape of red blood cells with insufficient oxygen b. rheumatism c. overactive bone marrow
d. excessive absorption of oxygen causing the cell to swell e. enlarged spleen
____ 143. Nucleotides are the building blocks for
a. proteins. b. steroids. c. lipids. d. ATP, NAD+, and FAD. e. carbohydrates.
____ 144. Which of the following is NOT found in every nucleic acid?
a. ribose b. phosphate group c. single-ring base d. double-ring base e. All of these are characteristic of
every nucleotide.
____ 145. The nucleotide associated with chemical messages is
a. cyclic AMP. b. FAD. c. NAD+. d. ATP. e. all of these
____ 146. Flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are examples of
a. functional nucleotides. b. transport nucleotides. c. structural nucleotides. d. nuclear proteins.
e. chemical messengers.
____ 147. The nucleotide most closely associated with energy is
a. cyclic AMP. b. FAD. c. NAD+. d. ATP. e. all of these
____ 148. Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?
a. three-carbon b. four-carbon c. five-carbon d. six-carbon e. seven-carbon
____ 149. DNA
a. is one of the adenosine phosphates. b. is one of the nucleotide coenzymes. c. contains protein-building
instructions. d. translates protein-building instructions into actual protein structures. e. none of these
____ 150. Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its component parts?
a. fat: fatty acids b. starch: riboses c. protein: amino acids d. glycogen: glucoses e. nucleic acids:
nucleotides
____ 151. Four of the five answers listed below are related by a common chemical similarity. Select the exception.
a. cellulose b. hydrochloric acid c. amino acid d. protein e. nucleic acid
____ 152. Four of the five answers listed below are related as members of the same group. Select the exception.
a. glucose b. fructose c. cellulose d. ribose e. deoxyribose
____ 153. Four of the five answers listed below are related as members of the same group. Select the exception.
a. lactose b. sucrose c. maltose d. table sugar e. fructose
____ 154. Four of the five answers listed below are carbohydrates. Select the exception.
a. glycerol b. cellulose c. starch d. sucrose e. glycogen
____ 155. Four of the five answers listed below are polysaccharides. Select the exception.
a. chitin b. cellulose c. collagen d. starch e. glycogen
____ 156. Four of the five answers listed below are lipids. Select the exception.
a. triglyceride b. wax c. butter d. insulin e. steroid
____ 157. Three of the four answers listed below are saturated fats. Select the exception.
a. butter b. bacon c. peanut oil d. animal fat
____ 158. Four of the five answers listed below are amino acids. Select the exception.
a. glycine b. adenine c. phenylalanine d. valine e. tyrosine
____ 159. Four of the five answers listed below are functional groups. Select the exception.
a. R group b. amino group c. carboxyl group d. hydroxyl group e. aldehyde group
Matching
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium have different numbers of electrons. Use the following
numbers to answer the questions.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 8
____ 160. Number of electrons in the first energy level
____ 161. Number of electrons in the second energy level
____ 162. Number of electrons in the third energy level
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions by matching the descriptions with the most
appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. disulfide
e. peptide
____ 163. The bond between the atoms of table salt
____ 164. The bond type holding several molecules of water together
____ 165. The bond between the oxygen atoms of gaseous oxygen
____ 166. The bond that breaks when salts dissolve in water
____ 167. Atoms connected by this kind of bond share electrons.
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.

a. a six-carbon sugar
b. energy carriers such as NAD+ and FAD
c. principal components of cell membranes
d. speed up metabolic reactions
e. DNA and RNA
____ 168. enzymes
____ 169. glucose
____ 170. nucleotide coenzymes
____ 171. phospholipids
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the
questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.
a. -COOH
b. -CH3
c. -NH2
d. -OH
e.
f. O
P O
|
O
g. -CHO
____ 172. The amine group
____ 173. The carboxyl group
____ 174. The group that is acidic
____ 175. The group that occurs repeatedly in sugars; composed of two elements
____ 176. The methyl group
____ 177. The hydroxyl group
____ 178. The ketone group
____ 179. The group on the amino-terminal end of proteins
____ 180. The group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteins
____ 181. A group composed of three different elements; found in sugars
____ 182. The group typical of energy carriers such as ATP
The following questions are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Answer by matching the items with the
most appropriate building block.
a. amino acids
b. glucose
c. glycerol
d. fatty acids
e. nucleotides
____ 183. The basic unit of proteins
____ 184. The basic unit of DNA
____ 185. The basic unit of messenger RNA
____ 186. The basic unit of cellulose
____ 187. The basic unit of glycogen
____ 188. The basic unit of starch
____ 189. The monomeric unit of a polypeptide chain
____ 190. Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids?
a. a and d
b. a and c
c. b and c
d. b and d
e. c and d
Starr 02 - 03
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS

3. ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
4. ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
5. ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
6. ANS: C DIF: Easy TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
9. ANS: A DIF: Easy TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
15. ANS: E DIF: Difficult TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
17. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
18. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
19. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
20. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS
22. ANS: E DIF: Easy
TOP: FOCUS ON SCIENCE: USING RADIOISOTOPES TO TRACK CHEMICALS AND SAVE LIVES
23. ANS: B DIF: Moderate
24. ANS: D DIF: Moderate
25. ANS: C DIF: Moderate
TOP: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ATOM BONDS WITH ATOM?
26. ANS: A DIF: Moderate
29. ANS: C DIF: Difficult
30. ANS: B DIF: Difficult
32. ANS: C DIF: Easy
33. ANS: B DIF: Easy
36. ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
37. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
38. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
39. ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
40. ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
41. ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
42. ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
43. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
44. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
45. ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
46. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
47. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
48. ANS: E DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
49. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
50. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
51. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
52. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
53. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: PROPERTIES OF WATER
54. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
55. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
56. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
57. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
58. ANS: E DIF: Difficult TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
59. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
60. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
61. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS
62. ANS: D DIF: Difficult
63. ANS: E DIF: Difficult
64. ANS: E DIF: Moderate
68. ANS: A DIF: Easy
TOP: THE MOLECULES OF LIFE-FROM STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION
71. ANS: A DIF: Difficult
74. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
75. ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
76. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
77. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
78. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
79. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
80. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
81. ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
82. ANS: C DIF: Easy TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
83. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
84. ANS: B DIF: Moderate TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
85. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
86. ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: HOW DO CELLS BUILD ORGANIC COMPOUNDS?
TOP: CARBOHYDRATES-THE MOST ABUNDANT MOLECULES OF LIFE
112. ANS: E DIF: Moderate TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
113. ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
115. ANS: E DIF: Easy TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
116. ANS: E DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
117. ANS: E DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
118. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
119. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
120. ANS: D DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
122. ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
123. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
125. ANS: B DIF: Easy TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
126. ANS: C DIF: Difficult TOP: GREASY, OILY-MUST BE LIPIDS
TOP: A STRING OF AMINO ACIDS: PROTEIN PRIMARY STRUCTURE
136. ANS: D DIF: Easy
TOP: HOW DOES A PROTEIN'S FINAL STRUCTURE EMERGE?
141. ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: WHY IS PROTEIN STUCTURE SO IMPORTANT?
142. ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: WHY IS PROTEIN STUCTURE SO IMPORTANT?
143. ANS: D DIF: Easy TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
144. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
145. ANS: A DIF: Difficult TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
146. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
147. ANS: D DIF: Moderate TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
148. ANS: C DIF: Easy TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
149. ANS: C DIF: Moderate TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
150. ANS: B DIF: Difficult TOP: NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
MATCHING




177. ANS: D DIF: Easy
181. ANS: G DIF: Moderate
182. ANS: F DIF: Moderate


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____ 1. Which is NOT an element?

a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III

a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II e. II and III

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.

1. ANS: A DIF: Moderate TOP: REGARDING THE ATOMS

160. ANS: B DIF: Difficult

163. ANS: B DIF: Moderate

168. ANS: D DIF: Moderate

172. ANS: C DIF: Easy

183. ANS: A DIF: Easy

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