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Methods & Arrays [Java]

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Java Operators
Java operators fall into different categories:

Arithmetic Operator
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Flowcharts
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Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
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Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2

Programming Fundamentals 2
Assignment | Score:0/360 publicclassTest{

Test 1 publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
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System.out.println("IntegerArithmetic");
inti=1+1;
Array intn=i*3;
Note intm=n/4;
intp=mi;
Arrays intq=p;
Note System.out.println("i="+i);
System.out.println("n="+n);
System.out.println("m="+m);
Arrays - 1 System.out.println("p="+p);
System.out.println("q="+q);
Arrays - 1 //arithmeticusingdoubles
Assignment | Score:0/440 System.out.println("\nFloatingPointArithmetic");
doublea=1+1;
doubleb=a*3;
Arrays - 2 doublec=b/4;
doubled=ca;
doublee=d;
Arrays - 2
System.out.println("a="+a);
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System.out.println("b="+b);
System.out.println("c="+c);
String System.out.println("d="+d);
Note System.out.println("e="+e);
}
}
Multi Dimension Array
Note
IntegerArithmetic
i=2
Strings and 2D Arrays n=6
m=1
p=1
Strings
q=1
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FloatingPointArithmetic
Recursion a=2.0
b=6.0
c=1.5
d=0.5
e=0.5

Relational Operator

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Flowcharts
 Flowcharts

Flowcharts
publicclassTest{
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publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
Programming Fundamentals 1 inta=10;
intb=20;
System.out.println("a==b="+(a==b));
Programming Fundamentals 1
System.out.println("a!=b="+(a!=b));
Assignment | Score:266.66/400
System.out.println("a>b="+(a>b));
System.out.println("a<b="+(a<b));
Condition loop System.out.println("b>=a="+(b>=a));
Note System.out.println("b<=a="+(b<=a));
}
}
Programming Fundamentals 2
Output:
Programming Fundamentals 2 a==b=false
Assignment | Score:0/360 a!=b=true
a>b=false
a<b=true
Test 1 b>=a=true
Test | Score:80/160 b<=a=false

Array
Note
Logical Operator
Arrays
Note

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Arrays - 2

publicclassTest{
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publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
booleana=true;
String booleanb=false;
Note System.out.println("a&&b="+(a&&b));
System.out.println("a||b="+(a||b));
System.out.println("!(a&&b)="+!(a&&b));
Multi Dimension Array
}
Note
}
Output:
Strings and 2D Arrays
a&&b=false
a||b=true
Strings
!(a&&b)=true
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Recursion
Bitwise operators

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Flowcharts

Flowcharts
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Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
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Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2
 Programming Fundamentals 2
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Test 1
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Note:
Array
>>> is unsigned bit shift >> and << are signed bit shift
Note
Conditional Operator:
Arrays
Note
if(a>b){
max=a;
Arrays - 1 }
else{
max=b;
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}
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Arrays - 2

Setting a single variable to one of two states based on single condition is such a common use of if-else that a
Arrays - 2 shortcut has been devised for it, here is it.
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String
max=(a>b)?a:b;
Note

Multi Dimension Array

Note
Precedence Rule
Strings and 2D Arrays Java has well-dened rules for specifying the order in which the operators in an expression are evaluated when
the expression has several operators.

Strings
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Recursion

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Flowcharts

Flowcharts
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Programming Fundamentals 1

publicclassPrecedence{
Programming Fundamentals 1
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
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System.out.println(3+3*2);
System.out.println(3*32);
Condition loop System.out.println(3*3/2);
Note System.out.println("");

System.out.println(1*1+1*1);
Programming Fundamentals 2
System.out.println(1+1/11);
System.out.println(3*3/2+2);
Programming Fundamentals 2 }
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Output:
Test 1
9
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7
4
Array
Note 2
1
6
Arrays
Note

Arrays - 1
Scope of Variables
 Scope of Variables
Arrays - 1 The scope of a variable denes the section of the code in which the variable is visible. As a general rule,
Assignment | Score:0/440 variables that are dened within a block are not accessible outside that block. The lifetime of a variable refers
to how long the variable exists before it is destroyed.
Arrays - 2
These example will give your better understanding of scope of variable.

Arrays - 2
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publicclassTest{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
String {
Note intx=10;
System.out.println(x);
Multi Dimension Array
}
Note
System.out.println(x);//errorxnotvisiblehere
}

Strings and 2D Arrays }

classTest{
Strings
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
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{
intx=5;
{
intx=1010;//errorduplicatelocalvariablexSystem.out.println(x);
}
}
}
}

classTest{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])
{
for(intx=0;x<4;x++)
{
System.out.println(x);
}

System.out.println(x)//error
//xcannotberesolvedtoavariable
}
}

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Method:
What a method(or function) is ?
Flowcharts
A function is a block of statements, which is used to perform a specic task. Suppose you are building an
application in Java language and in one of your program, you need to perform a same task more than once. So
Flowcharts in such scenario you have two options
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Use the same set of statements every time you want to perform the task
Programming Fundamentals 1
Create a function, which would do the task, and just call it every time you need to perform the same task.
Programming Fundamentals 1 Why we need a method?
Assignment | Score:266.66/400 Functions are used because of following reasons

Condition loop To improve the readability of code.

Note
Improves the reusability of the code, same function can be used in any program rather than writing the
Programming Fundamentals 2
same code from scratch.

Programming Fundamentals 2 Debugging of the code would be easier if you use functions, as errors are easy to be traced.
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Reduces the size of the code, duplicate set of statements are replaced by function calls.
Test 1
Syntax of dening a method
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Array modifierreturnTypenameOfMethod(ParameterList){
Note //methodbody
}

Arrays
Note

The syntax shown above includes:

Arrays - 1

modier: will study this later

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returnType: method may return a value.
Arrays - 2
nameOfMethod: it is advised to have a meaningful name for the method so that it would be easy to understand
Arrays - 2
the purpose of method just by seeing its name.
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Parameter List: it is the type, order, and number of parameters of a method, these are optional, method may
String
Note contain zero parameters.

Multi Dimension Array method body: method body denes what the method does with statements.
Note

Method Calling
 Strings and 2D Arrays
Method Calling
For using a method, it should be called. When a program invokes a method, the program control gets
transferred to the called method. There are two ways in which a method is called:
Strings
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when a method returns a value

when a method returns no value

when a method returns value:

publicclassTest{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
inta=11;
intb=6;
intc=minFunction(a,b);
System.out.println("MinimumValue="+c);
}

/**returnstheminimumoftwonumbers*/
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publicstaticintminFunction(intn1,intn2){
intmin;
if(n1>n2)
min=n2;
else
Flowcharts
min=n1;

Flowcharts returnmin;
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}

Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
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when a method returns no value:
Condition loop
The void keyword allows us to create methods which do not return a value. Here, in the following example we're
Note
considering method fun() that is a void method which does not return any value.

Programming Fundamentals 2

publicclassExampleVoid{
Programming Fundamentals 2
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publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
fun(255.7);
Test 1 }
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publicstaticvoidfun(doublepoints){
if(points>=202.5){
Array
System.out.println("Rank:A1");
Note
}
elseif(points>=122.4){
Arrays System.out.println("Rank:A2");
Note }
else{
System.out.println("Rank:A3");
Arrays - 1 }
}
Arrays - 1 }
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Output:

Arrays - 2 Rank:A1

Arrays - 2
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String What is call by value ?

Note
The call by value method of passing arguments to a function copies the actual value of an argument into the
Multi Dimension Array formal parameter of the function. In this case, changes made to the parameter inside the method have no
Note effect on the argument. Java passes method arguments by value

Strings and 2D Arrays

publicclassCallByValue{
Strings
Assignment | Score:0/320 publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
intx=3;
System.out.println("Valueofxbeforecallingincrement()is"+x);
increment(x);
System.out.println("Valueofxaftercallingincrement()is"+x);
}

publicstaticvoidincrement(inta){
System.out.println("Valueofabeforeincrementingis"+a);
a=a+1;
System.out.println("Valueofaafterincrementingis"+a);

}
 }
}

Output:

Valueofxbeforecallingincrement()is3
Valueofabeforeincrementingis3
Valueofaafterincrementingis4
Valueofxaftercallingincrement()is3

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Note:
There are no default parameters in java.

Example :
Flowcharts

Flowcharts
voidfunction(intnum=10){}//notallowed
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Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1 Array

Assignment | Score:266.66/400 An Array is a collection of variables of the same type.

For instance an array of int is a collection of variables of type int. The variables in the array are ordered and
Condition loop
each have an index.
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2 Initializing Arrays:

Programming Fundamentals 2
Assignment | Score:0/360
int[]temps=newint[3];
temps[0]=78;//fillingoneelementatatime
Test 1
temps[1]=88;
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temps[2]=53;

Array
Note

Arrays Initialize array to take user input:

Note

Arrays - 1
Scanners=newScanner(System.in);
int[]nums=newint[8];
Arrays - 1
for(intctr=0;ctr<8;ctr++){
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nums[ctr]=s.nextInt();
}
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Arrays - 2
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Initialize at time of declaration:
String
Note

double[]temperature={13.5,18.4,19.6,21.4};
Multi Dimension Array
Note

Strings and 2D Arrays

Finding max value from array:

Strings
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publicclassTestArray{

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

double[]myList={1.9,2.9,3.4,3.5};

//Printallthearrayelements
for(inti=0;i<myList.length;i++){
System.out.println(myList[i]+"");
}

//Summingallelements
doubletotal=0;
for(inti=0;i<myList.length;i++){
total+=myList[i];
}
System.out.println("Totalis"+total);

//Findingthelargestelement
doublemax=myList[0];
for(inti=1;i<myList.length;i++){
Lectures Doubts Downloads if(myList[i]>max){
max=myList[i];
}
}
Flowcharts System.out.println("Maxis"+max);
 Flowcharts System.out.println("Maxis"+max);
}
}
Flowcharts
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Programming Fundamentals 1

Returning array from method

Programming Fundamentals 1
Assignment | Score:266.66/400

Condition loop classArrayUse{

Note publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
int[]A=numbers();
}
Programming Fundamentals 2

publicstaticint[]numbers(){
Programming Fundamentals 2 int[]A=newint[3];
Assignment | Score:0/360 A[0]=2;
A[1]=3;
A[2]=4;
Test 1
returnA;
Test | Score:80/160
}
}
Array
Note

Arrays
Note Passing array to method:
Arrays - 1

classTestarray{
Arrays - 1
staticvoidmin(intarr[]){
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intmin=arr[0];
for(inti=1;i<arr.length;i++){
Arrays - 2 if(min>arr[i]){
min=arr[i];
}
Arrays - 2 System.out.println(min);
Assignment | Score:0/360 }
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
String inta[]={33,3,4,5};
Note min(a);
}
}
Multi Dimension Array
Note

Strings and 2D Arrays

Reverse an array
Strings
Assignment | Score:0/320

staticvoidreverse(intarr[]){
inttemp;
for(inti=0;i<arr.length/2;i++){
temp=arr[i];
arr[i]=arr[arr.length1i];
arr[arr.length1i]=temp;
}
}
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
inta[]={1,2,3,4,5,6};
reverse(a);
for(inti:a){
System.out.print(i+"");
}
}
Output:
654321

Lectures Doubts Downloads Bubble Sort

Bubble Sort is the simplest sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they
are in wrong order.
Flowcharts

Flowcharts
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Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
Assignment | Score:266.66/400

Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2
 Programming Fundamentals 2
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Test 1
Test | Score:80/160

Array
Note

Arrays
Note

Arrays - 1

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Arrays - 2

Arrays - 2
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String
Note

Multi Dimension Array

Note

Strings and 2D Arrays

Strings
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Flowcharts

Flowcharts
Assignment | Score:0/0

Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
Assignment | Score:266.66/400

Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2

Programming Fundamentals 2
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Test 1
Test | Score:80/160

Array
Note

Arrays
Note

Arrays - 1
 Arrays - 1
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Arrays - 2

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String
Note

Multi Dimension Array

Note

Strings and 2D Arrays

Strings
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publicstaticvoidBubbleSort(intarray[]){
inttemp=0;
for(inti=0;i<array.length1;i++){
intflag=1;
Flowcharts
for(intj=0;j<array.lengthi1;j++){
if(array[j]>array[j+1]){
Flowcharts temp=array[j];
Assignment | Score:0/0 array[j]=array[j+1];
array[j+1]=temp;
flag=0;
Programming Fundamentals 1
}
}
Programming Fundamentals 1 if(flag==1)
Assignment | Score:266.66/400 break;
}
}
Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2
Selection Sort
Programming Fundamentals 2 The smallest element is selected from the unsorted array and swapped with the leftmost element, and that
Assignment | Score:0/360 element becomes a part of the sorted array. This process continues moving unsorted array boundary by one
element to the right.
Test 1
Test | Score:80/160

Array
Note

Arrays
Note

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Arrays - 2

Arrays - 2
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String
Note
publicstaticvoidsort(intarray[]){
intsmallest=1,temp=0;
Multi Dimension Array for(inti=0;i<array.length1;i++){
Note smallest=i;
for(intj=i+1;j<array.length;j++){
 for(intj=i+1;j<array.length;j++){
Strings and 2D Arrays if(array[smallest]>array[j]){
smallest=j;
}
Strings }
Assignment | Score:0/320 temp=array[smallest];
array[smallest]=array[i];
array[i]=temp;
}
}

Insertion Sort
This is an in-place comparison-based sorting algorithm. Here, a sub-list is maintained which is always sorted.
For example, the lower part of an array is maintained to be sorted. An element which is to be 'insert'ed in this
sorted sub-list, has to nd its appropriate place and then it has to be inserted there. Hence the name, insertion
sort.

The array is searched sequentially and unsorted items are moved and inserted into the sorted sub-list (in the
same array).

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Flowcharts

Flowcharts
Assignment | Score:0/0

Programming Fundamentals 1

Programming Fundamentals 1
Assignment | Score:266.66/400

Condition loop
Note

Programming Fundamentals 2
publicstaticvoidsort(intarray[]){
inttemp=0,i=0,j=0;
Programming Fundamentals 2 for(i=1;i<array.length;i++){
Assignment | Score:0/360 temp=array[i];
for(j=i1;j>=0&&temp<array[j];j){
Test 1
array[j+1]=array[j];
Test | Score:80/160
}
array[j+1]=temp;
}
Array }
Note

Arrays
Note

Arrays - 1

Arrays - 1
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Arrays - 2

Arrays - 2
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String
Note

Multi Dimension Array

Note

Strings and 2D Arrays

Strings
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