Self Study Quiz and Exercises With Answers
Self Study Quiz and Exercises With Answers
Self Study Quiz and Exercises With Answers
Macroeconomics
March 2011
1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics
1) Which of the following is NOT a topic studied in Macroeconomics?
A) gross domestic product
B) the unemployment rate
C) the price of IBM computers
D) the inflation rate
Answer: C
4) Prices that do not always adjust rapidly to maintain equality between quantity supplied and quantity
demanded are
A) administered prices.
B) sticky prices.
C) regulatory prices.
D) market prices.
Answer: B
5) The demand for corn has increased in May without any change in supply. Eight
months later there still has been no change in corn prices. This is an example of a
A) price floor.
B) price control.
C) sticky price.
D) macroeconomic price.
Answer: C
6) The demand for massage therapists declined in the spring of 2007, but the starting
wages paid to massage therapists was still the same at the end of 2007. This is an
example of a
A) sticky price.
B) flexible price.
C) highly regulated market.
D) price control.
Answer: A
2
Answer: C
8) Aggregate behavior is
A) the behavior of each household and firm.
B) the behavior of each individual.
C) the behavior of all households and firms together.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
9) Inflation is a(n)
A) decrease in the overall price level.
B) decrease in the overall level of economic activity.
C) increase in the overall price level.
D) increase in the overall level of economic activity.
Answer: C
11) A period of very rapid increase in the overall price level is known as
A) stagnation.
B) hyperinflation.
C) stagflation.
D) depression.
Answer: B
3
B) a contraction.
C) a slump.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
16) In a business cycle, a peak represents the end of________ and a trough represents
the end of _____
A) an expansion; a recession
B) a depression; an expansion
C) a trough; a peak
D) a recession; an expansion
Answer: A
20) If the labor force is 500 and employment is 450, then the unemployment rate is
A) 100%.
B) 90%.
C) 10%.
D) 0%.
Answer: C
22) Between a trough and a peak, the economy goes through a(n)
A) recession.
B)bust.
C) expansion.
4
D) hyperinflation.
Answer: C
23) Between a peak and a trough, the economy goes through a(n)
A) expansion.
B) inflation.
C) recession.
D)boom.
Answer: C
28) If the labor force is 50 million and 48 million are employed then the unemployment
rate is:
A) 2%.
B) 4%.
C) 5%.
D) 52%.
Answer: B
29) If 20 million workers are unemployed and 180 million workers are employed, then
the unemployment rate is
A) 10%.
5
B) 11.1%.
C) 18%.
D) 80%.
Answer: A
30) The period in the business cycle from a trough to peak is called a(n)
A) recession.
B) expansion.
C) slump.
D) depression.
Answer: B
31) If output is rising and unemployment is falling, the economy MUST be in a(n)
A) contraction.
B) expansion.
C) depression.
D) hyperinflationary period.
Answer: B
32) The period in the business cycle from a peak to a trough is a(n)
A) recession.
B)boom.
C) expansion.
D) inflation.
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) Macroeconomics is concerned with inflation or deflation, output growth and
unemployment.
Answer: TRUE
2) Macroeconomics is concerned with the market price and equilibrium quantity of each
good or service.
Answer: FALSE
3) The employment rate is the number of people employed divided by number of
people in the labor force.
Answer: TRUE
6
4) Hyperinflation and stagflation are two different names which refer to identical
economic
conditions.
Answer: FALSE
5) Macroeconomic behavior is the sum of all the microeconomic decisions made by
individual
households and firms.
Answer: TRUE
6) All business cycles are symmetric the length of an expansion is the same as the
length of a recession.
Answer: FALSE
7) A recession is usually associated with increasing unemployment.
Answer: TRUE
9) An expansion is usually associated with rising price levels.
Answer: TRUE
10) A recession is associated with a negative rate of growth of the economy.
Answer: TRUE
7
7) The Federal Reserve affecting the supply of money is known as
A) fiscal policy.
B) monetary policy.
C) growth policy.
D) supply side policy.
Answer: B
9) The diagram that shows the income received and payments made by each sector of
the economy is the
A) aggregate demand- aggregate supply diagram.
B) circular flow diagram.
C) income flow diagram.
D) income- production diagram.
Answer: B
10) In the circular flow diagram, the different payments made by firms to households
include
A) wages and profits.
B) interest and taxes.
C) transfer payments and dividends.
D) taxes and transfer payments.
Answer: A
13) A household that spends less than it receives in income during a given period is
A) saving.
B) dissaving.
C) running a deficit.
8
D) receiving transfer payments.
Answer: A
15) In which of the following markets are funds demanded and supplied?
A) the labor market
B) the goods and services market
C) the money market
D) the factor market
Answer: C
19) In the circular flow diagram, firms________ labor and households________ goods and
services.
A) demand; supply.
B) demand; demand.
C) supply; demand.
D) supply; supply.
Answer: B
9
21) Promissory notes issued by the federal government when it borrows money are
known as
A) Treasury shares.
B) Treasury stocks.
C) Treasury bonds.
D) none of the above
Answer: C
26) An increase in the value of an asset over the price initially paid for it is a
A) dividend.
B) share of stock.
C) promissory note.
D) capital gain.
Answer: D
7) A dividend is
A) a promissory note issued by corporations when they borrow money.
B) an increase in the value of an asset over the purchase price initially paid for it.
C) the difference between the interest rate a bank pays on deposits it
charges for loans.
D) the portion of a corporations profits that the firm pays out each period to its
shareholders.
Answer: D
10
28) The portion of a corporations profits that a firm pays out each period to its
shareholders is a
A) dividend.
B) promissory note.
C) capital gain.
D) corporate bond.
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) Fiscal policy generally takes the form of regulations specifying the maximum amount
by which the money supply can be changed.
Answer: FALSE
2) Contractionary fiscal policy includes raising taxes.
Answer: TRUE
3) Monetary policy includes changing the level of household taxes.
Answer: FALSE
4) A corporate bond is a promissory note issued by a firm when it borrows money.
Answer: TRUE
5) In the circular flow diagram everyones expenditure is someone elses receipt.
Answer: TRUE
6) A dividend is is paid by shareholders to firms.
Answer: FALSE
7) A transfer payment is the tax one pays when transferring real estate.
Answer: FALSE
8) A capital gain is the increase in value of an asset above its initial cost.
Answer: TRUE
2) To bring the economy out of an inflationary period, Keynes argued that the
government should
A) cut both taxes and government spending.
B) increase both taxes and government spending.
C) increase taxes and/or decrease government spending.
D) decrease taxes and/or increase government spending.
Answer: C
11
B) could not persist because wages would fall to eliminate the excess supply of labor.
C) could be eliminated through fiscal and monetary policies.
D) could be eliminated only through government intervention.
Answer: B
11) Suppose the economy suffers a high rate of unemployment. According to Keynesian
economists, the government should increase employment by
A) decreasing money supply.
B)balancing the budget.
C) not doing anything.
D) increasing government spending.
Answer: D
12
D) The federal government passes legislation that would require that the governments
budget always be balanced.
Answer: C
13) Rapid increases in the price level during periods of recession or high unemployment
are known as
A) stagflation.
B) stagnation.
C) depression.
D) inflation.
Answer: A
14) Stagflation occurs when the economys inflation rate is high and
A) employment is high.
B) the unemployment rate is high.
C) the unemployment rate is low.
D) the rate of change in economic activities is positive.
Answer: B
2 True/False
1) Keynes believed that expansionary fiscal policy could help get an economy out of an
inflation.
Answer: FALSE
2) According to the Classical model, an excess supply of labor would drive up wages to a
new equilibrium level and therefore unemployment would not persist.
Answer: FALSE
4) According to Keynes, the governments role during periods when private demand is
low is to stimulate aggregate demand and, by so doing, lift the economy out of
recession.
Answer: TRUE
5) In the Classical model, the level of employment is determined by the level of
aggregate demand.
Answer: FALSE
13
Chapter 2 Measuring National Output and National Income
1 Multiple Choice
1) The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period by factors of
production located within a country is
A) gross domestic product.
B) gross national product.
C) net national product.
D) net national income.
Answer: A
11) If no foreign companies produce in a country, but many of the countrys companies produce abroad, then
A) the countrys GNP will tend to exceed its GDP.
B) the countrys GDP will tend to exceed its GNP.
C) the countrys GNP and GDP will tend to be equal.
D) the countrys GDP will tend to be equal to its domestic income.
Answer: A
12) Which of the following is included in both the U.S. GDP and GNP?
A) The value of all cars produced by Ford in Mexico.
B) The value of all cars produced by General Motors in the U.S.
C) The value of all cars produced by Toyota in the U.S.
D) The value of cars produced by Nissan in Japan and the U.S.
14
Answer: B
13) Which of the following is NOT counted in the GNP of the United States?
A) The wage of a U.S. citizen who works in a foreign country for a foreign firm.
B) The interest earned by a U.S. bank on loans to a business firm located in Brazil.
C) The profit earned by a restaurant located in the United States but owned by a Mexican company.
D) The value of services that are produced by state and local governments in the United States.
Answer: C
15) Profits earned in the United States by foreign-owned companies are included in
A) the U.S. GDP but not GNP.
B) neither the U.S. GDP nor GNP.
C) the U.S. GNP but not GDP.
D) both the U.S. GDP and GNP.
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) GDP measures the total income of everyone and the total spending by everyone in the economy.
Answer: FALSE
3) The income of U.S. citizens working abroad counts in U.S. GDP.
Answer: FALSE
4) Stock market transactions are part of GNP.
Answer: FALSE
5) Value added is the difference between the value of good as they leave a stage of production and cost of the
goods as they entered that stage of production.
Answer: TRUE
1 Multiple Choice
1) The equation for GDP using the expenditure approach is
A) GDP = C + I + G + EX - IM.
B) GDP = C + I + G + (IM - EX).
C) GDP = C + I + G + EX + IM.
D) GDP = C + I + G - EX - IM.
Answer: A
15
Refer to the information provided in Table 6.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
4) Refer to Table 6.1. The value for gross private domestic investment in billions of dollars is
A) 300.
B) 375.
C) 325.
D) 450.
Answer: C
5) Refer to Table 6.1. The value for net exports in billions of dollars is
A) 350.
B) 250.
C) 650.
D) 800.
Answer: A
6) Refer to Table 6.1. The value of gross domestic product in billions of dollars is
A) 3,000.
B) 2,875.
C) 3,125.
D) 3,750.
Answer: B
GDP = C + I + G + (X M) =
GDP = 1650 + 325 + 550 + 350 = 2875
16
C) 300.
D) 550.
Answer: D
16) In 2007 final sales equal $200 billion, and the change in business inventories is $50 billion. GDP in 2007
A) is $250 billion.
B) is $200 billion.
C) is $150 billion.
D) is $40 billion.
Answer: A
17) In 2006 final sales equal $350 billion and the change in business inventories is -$60 billion. GDP in 2006
A) is $290 billion.
B) is $295 billion.
C) is $410 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: A
18) In 2008 the change in business inventories is -$70 billion and GDP is $200 billion. Final sales in 2008
A) are $130 billion.
B) are $200 billion.
C) are $270 billion.
D) are $340 billion.
Answer: C
19) In 2007, GDP was exactly equal to final sales. This implies that
A) there was accumulation of inventories that year.
B) there was a decline in inventories that year.
C) there was no change in inventories that year.
D) GDP did not grow that year compared to the year before.
Answer: C
20) If the change in business inventories is zero, then final sales are
A) zero.
B) less than GDP.
C) greater than GDP.
D) equal to GDP.
Answer: D
17
Answer: B
24) Suppose that net investment in 2008 was $20 billion and depreciation was $4 billion. Gross investment
in 2008 was
A) $16 billion.
B) $20 billion.
C) $24 billion.
D) $28 billion.
Answer: C
25) The total value of all capital goods newly produced in a given period is
A) the change in business inventories.
B) depreciation.
C) net investment.
D) gross investment.
Answer: D
28) Depreciation is
A) the decrease in the overall price level.
B) the additional capital stock in a year.
C) the amount of used up machinery in a year.
D) the amount of decline in business inventories.
Answer: C
29) If net investment in 2007 is $350 billion and gross investment in 2007 is $500 billion,
depreciation in 2007 is
18
A) $0.7 billion.
B) $150 billion.
C) $175 billion.
D) $250 billion.
Answer: B
3) Exports equal
A) imports - net exports.
B) net exports + imports.
C) net exports - imports.
D) imports + (exports + imports).
Answer: B
34) When calculating GDP, exports are ________ and imports are ________.
A) added; added
B) added; subtracted
C) subtracted; added
D) subtracted; subtracted
Answer: B
41) What type of tax affects the amount of money you pay for a product?
A) direct tax
B) income tax
C) indirect tax
D) all of the above
Answer: C
42) Depreciation is
A) subtracted from national income to get GDP.
B) added to national income to get GDP.
C) subtracted from GNP to get NNP.
D) added to GNP to get NNP.
Answer: C
47) If receipts of factor income from the rest of the world exceed payments of factor income to the rest of the
world, then
A) GDP is greater than GNP.
B) GDP equals GNP.
C) GNP equals NNP.
D) GNP is greater than GDP.
Answer: D
19
Refer to the information provided in Table 6.4 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 6.4
48) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for GDP in billions of dollars is
A) 910.
B) 920.
C) 790.
D) 1,050.
Answer: C
GDP = C + I + G + x - M
I = Gross investment = Net investment + depreciation = 150 + 30 = 180
GDP = 500 + 180 + 90 + 60 40 = 790
49) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for GNP in billions of dollars is
A) 900.
B) 770.
C) 980.
D) 1,010.
Answer: B
GNP = GDP + receipts of factors of production from the rest of the world payments of factors of
production to the rest of the world = 790 + 20 40 = 770
50) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for NNP in billions of dollars is
A) 740.
B) 910.
C) 940.
D) 970.
Answer: A
51) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for national income in billions of dollars is
A) 740.
B) 910.
C) 940.
D) 970.
20
Answer: A
52) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for personal income in billions of dollars is
A) 870.
B) 890.
C) 950.
D) 960.
Answer: A
53) Refer to Table 6.4. The value for disposable personal income in billions of dollars is
A) 670.
B) 770.
C) 820.
D) 990.
Answer: A
54) If GNP is $600 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $50 billion, and payments
of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is
A) $520 billion.
B) $580 billion.
C) $620 billion.
D) $680 billion.
Answer: B
55) If GNP is $200 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $10 billion, and
payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is
A) $160 billion.
B) $210 billion.
C) $220 billion.
D) $240 billion.
Answer: C
56) If GDP is $500 billion and depreciation is $40 billion, then net national product
A) is $460 billion.
B) is $500 billion.
C) is $540 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: D
57) If GDP is $300 billion, depreciation is $30 billion, and net factor income from the rest of the world is -
$40 billion, then net national product is
A) $230 billion.
B) $270 billion.
C) $290 billion.
D) $310 billion.
Answer: D
21
58) If GNP is $800 billion and depreciation is $90 billion, then net national product is
A) $710 billion.
B) $845 billion.
C) $890 billion.
D) $980 billion.
Answer: A
59) If GNP is $200 billion and depreciation is $20 billion, then net national product is
A) $100 billion.
B) $180 billion.
C) $210 billion.
D) $220 billion.
Answer: B
64) If national income is $600 billion, personal income is $400 billion, personal taxes are $120 billion, then
disposable income equals
A) $480 billion.
B) $320 billion.
C) $280 billion.
D) $80 billion.
Answer: C
65) Which of the following is subtracted from national income to get to personal income?
A) retained earnings
B) personal interest income
C) depreciation
D) personal Taxes
Answer: A
67) If personal income is $925 billion and personal income taxes are $70 billion, the value of disposable
personal income is
A) $835 billion.
22
B) $855 billion.
C) $890 billion.
D) $995 billion.
Answer: B
68) If personal saving is -$10 billion and disposable personal income is $370 billion, then personal
consumption spending
A) is $360 billion.
B) is $380 billion.
C) is $390 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: B
70) If disposable personal income is $400 billion and personal saving is $8 billion, the personal saving rate is
A) 1.5%.
B) 2%.
C) 5%.
D) 12%.
Answer: B
71) If the personal saving rate is 5% and personal saving is $10 billion, the value of personal
disposable income
A) is $100 billion.
B) is $200 billion.
C) is $500 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: B
2 True/False
1) Transfer payments are subtracted from national income to get to personal income.
Answer: FALSE
2) If investment is larger than depreciation, the capital stock decreases.
Answer: FALSE
3) Depreciation is included in GDP, but excluded from NNP.
Answer: TRUE
4) Final sales plus changes in inventories equals GDP.
Answer: TRUE
5) New houses count as consumer durables.
Answer: FALSE
6) Dairy Queen opens a branch in Estonia. The sales of the restaurant enter the U.S. GDP and the Estonian
GNP.
Answer: FALSE
7) Consumers can spend their entire personal income.
Answer: FALSE
8) The difference between GNP and GDP is depreciation.
Answer: FALSE
9) Disposable personal income is personal income minus personal taxes.
Answer: TRUE
23
1 Multiple Choice
1) Nominal GDP measures the value of all goods and services
A) in constant dollars.
B) in current dollars.
C) in fixed dollars.
D) without inflation.
Answer: B
2) Gross domestic product measured in terms of the prices of a fixed, or base, year is
A) current GDP.
B) base GDP.
C) real GDP.
D) nominal GDP.
Answer: C
5) If real GDP in 2007 using 2006 prices is lower than nominal GDP of 2007, then
A) prices in 2007 are lower than prices in 2006.
B) nominal GDP in 2007 equals nominal GDP in 2006.
C) prices in 2007 are higher than prices in 2006.
D) real GDP in 2007 is larger than real GDP in 2006.
Answer: C
6) If real GDP in 2008 using 2007 prices is higher than nominal GDP of 2008, then
A) prices in 2008 are lower than prices in the base year.
B) nominal GDP in 2008 equals nominal GDP in 2007.
C) prices in 2008 are higher than prices in the base year.
D) real GDP in 2008 is larger than real GDP in 2007.
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 6.5 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 6.5
7) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. The value for
this economys nominal GDP in year 1
24
A) is $140.
B) is $160.
C) is $180.
D) is $200.
Answer: A
8) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. The value for
this economys nominal GDP in year 3 is
A) $204.
B) $222.
C) $250.
D) $270.
Answer: D
9) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. The value for
this economys nominal GDP in year 2 is
A) $168. B) $179. C) $202. D) $214.
Answer: B
10) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. If year 1 is
the base year, the value for this economys real GDP in year 2 is
A) $168. B) $179. C) $202. D) $214.
Answer: A
11) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. If year 1 is
the base year, the value for this economys GDP deflator in year 1 is
A) 1.
B) 100.
C) 110.
D) 111.
Answer: B
12) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. If year 1 is
the base year, the value for this economys GDP deflator in year 2 is
A) 93.9.
B) 100.
C) 106.5.
D) 179.
Answer: C
13) Refer to Table 6.5. Assume that this economy produces only two goods Good X and Good Y. If year 1 is
the base year, the value for this economys inflation rate between year 1 and year 2 is
A) -6.1%.
B) -5.5%.
C) 6.5%.
D) 79%.
Answer: C
25
15) If nominal GDP is $8 trillion and real GDP is $6 trillion, the GDP deflator is
A) 48.
B) 75.
C) 133.33.
D) 480.
Answer: C
17) The GDP deflator in year 2 is 110 and the GDP deflator in year 3 is 118. The rate of inflation between
years 2 and 3 is
A) 4.55%.
B) 7.27%.
C) 8%.
D) 18%.
Answer: B
2 True/False
1) If in the same period output doubles and the price level remains the same, nominal GDP doubles.
Answer: TRUE
2) A GDP deflator is real GDP divided by nominal GDP times 100.
Answer: FALSE
3) If the GDP deflator next year is less than the GDP deflator this year, then the price level has fallen.
Answer: TRUE
4) GDP measured in base year prices is real GDP.
Answer: TRUE
5) If nominal GDP rises, then so must real GDP.
Answer: FALSE
6) If real GDP rises, then so must nominal GDP.
Answer: FALSE
7) If real GDP increased during a year, then output must have increased.
Answer: TRUE
26
3) Per capita gross national income (GNI) decreases when
A) GNI and the population increase at the same rate.
B) GNI does not change and the population increases.
C) GNI and the population decrease at the same rate.
D) GNI increases and the population does not change.
Answer: B
2 True/False
1) All economic activities in the economy are included in the GDP.
Answer: FALSE
2) The costs of pollution are subtracted from the value of final sales before calculating GDP.
Answer: FALSE
3) A weakness in the concept of GDP is that it ignores income distribution.
Answer: TRUE
4) Production in the illegal or underground economy is not reflected in GDP.
Answer: TRUE
5) Fixed weight indexes can not account for new goods.
27
Chapter 3 Unemployment, Inflation, and Long-Run Growth
7.1 Unemployment
1 Multiple Choice
1) We can safely say that total output can increase if there is a(n)
A) increase in the size of the labor force and a decrease in the productivity of workers.
B) decrease in the size of capital and an increase in the productivity of machines.
C) increase in the number of machines per worker.
D) decrease in the number of workers per machine.
Answer: C
9) Cheryl graduated from college a month ago and is now without work. She accepted a job that will start
next month. Today, Cheryl is
A) not in the labor force.
B) in the labor force.
C) employed.
D) a discouraged worker.
Answer: B
28
D) the number of people employed divided by the labor force.
Answer: C
11) Jake retired from the police force. He started working an hour or two a day at a paid job in
citys courthouse. Jake is
A) employed.
B) in the labor force.
C) unemployed.
D) not in the labor force.
Answer: A
12) Diane lost her job and immediately started looking for another job. As a result the
A) unemployment rate increases.
B) labor force increases.
C) labor force decreases.
D) unemployment rate remains constant.
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 7.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 7.1
Employed 14,000 people
Unemployed 3,000 people
Not in the Labor Force 4,000 people
29
Refer to the information provided in Table 7.2 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 7.2
21) The number of people classified as employed is 260,000 and the number of people classified as
unemployed is 30,000. The size of the labor force
A) equals 290,000.
B) equals 230,000.
C) equals 260,000.
D) equals 320,000.
Answer: A
22) The number of people classified as employed is 350,000 and the number of people in the labor force is
500,000. The total number of people classified as unemployed is
A) 350,000.
B) 150,000.
C) 425,000.
30
D) 500,000.
Answer: B
23) If the number of people classified as unemployed is 20,000 and the number of people classified as
employed is 400,000, what is the unemployment rate?
A) 2.0%
B) 4.8%
C) 5.0%
D) 9.2%
Answer: B
25) If the number of people employed is 150,000 and the labor force is 170,000, the unemployment rate is
A) 6.25%.
B) 11.76%.
C) 2.5%.
D) 6.55%.
Answer: B
26) If the unemployment rate is 6.2% and the number of people employed is 200,000, the total number of
people unemployed is approximately
A) 12,400 people
B) 10,970 people.
C) 13,220 people.
D) cannot be determined from this information
Answer: C
27) If the unemployment rate is 6.2% and the number of people employed is 200,000, the labor force is
approximately
A) 212,400 people.
B) 210,970 people
C) 213,220 people.
D) cannot be determined from this information
Answer: C
28) If the labor force is 320,000 and the total population 16 years of age or older is 400,000, the labor-force
participation rate is
A) 72%.
B) 76%.
C) 80%.
D) 88%.
Answer: C
29) If the labor-force participation rate is 82% and the total population 16 years of age or older is 1 million
people, the labor force is
A) 910,000 people.
B) 820,000 people.
C) 740,000 people.
D) 180,000 people.
Answer: B
30) If the number of unemployed equals 30,000, the number of employed equals 60,000, and the number not
in the labor force is 10,000, the labor-force participation rate
A) is 90%.
31
B) is 67%.
C) is 88.9%.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: A
31) If the number of unemployed equals 240,000 and the number of employed equals 300,000, the labor-
force participation rate
A) is 80%.
B) is 24%.
C) is 55.6%.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: D
33) When an individual quits his/her job and decides to stay at home for a while, the labor force
participation rate
A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) stays the same.
D) may increase or decrease, depending on the length of time he/she stays at home.
Answer: A
34) Mike has just graduated from college and is now looking for a job, but has not yet found one. This causes
the unemployment rate to ________ and the labor -force participation rate to ________.
A) increase; decrease
B) stay the same; stay the same
C) increase; increase
D) increase; stay the same
Answer: C
37) When 100 people who were previously looking for jobs stop looking for jobs, the
A) unemployment rate increases.
B) size of the labor force decreases.
C) labor-force participation rate does not change.
D) unemployment rate does not change.
Answer: B
32
41) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The unemployment rate does not tell us anything about the duration of unemployment.
B) The duration of unemployment decreases during recessions.
C) The duration of unemployment increases during economic expansions.
D) The median duration of unemployment is usually greater than the average duration.
Answer: A
43) During recessions, the number of discouraged workers ________ and this ________ the
unemployment rate.
A) falls; reduces
B) decreases; increases
C) increases; reduces
D) increases; increases
Answer: C
45) When an economics professor quits his/her job at a university and starts looking for a better job in
another university, he/she is
A) frictionally unemployed.
B) structurally unemployed.
C) cyclically unemployed.
D) naturally unemployed.
Answer: A
47) A man is fired from his job because he was late for work too many times. While he is searching for
another job he would be classified as
A) not in the labor force because his employer had a legitimate reason for firing him.
B) structurally unemployed.
C) cyclically unemployed.
D) frictionally unemployed.
Answer: D
49) When an individual is not working and is not looking for a job because he/she lacks any marketable job
skills, he/she is
A) structurally unemployed.
B) frictionally unemployed.
C) cyclically unemployed.
D) none of the above
Answer: D
33
D) unemployment that results when people become discouraged about their chances of finding a job so they
stop looking for work.
Answer: A
3) An individual who cannot find a job because his or her job skills have become obsolete is an example of
A) frictional unemployment.
B) structural unemployment.
C) cyclical unemployment.
D) seasonal unemployment.
Answer: B
57) If the labor market becomes more efficient so that the unemployed are more quickly matched with jobs,
then
A) the natural rate of unemployment will increase.
B) the natural rate of unemployment will decrease.
C) the natural rate of unemployment will not change.
D) the natural rate of unemployment could either increase or decrease.
Answer: B
59) The increase in unemployment that occurs during recessions and depressions is called
A) frictional unemployment.
B) structural unemployment.
C) cyclical unemployment.
D) normal unemployment.
Answer: C
2 True/False
1) When more people who are not working start looking for jobs, the labor -force participation rate increases.
Answer: TRUE
2) Labor productivity is total output divided by the total number of worker hours.
Answer: TRUE
34
3) An increase in search costs will decrease structural unemployment.
Answer: FALSE
4) The natural rate of unemployment is the unemployment rate during a period of full employment.
Answer: TRUE
5) Anyone 16 years of age or older who is not classified as employed is classified as unemployed.
Answer: FALSE
6) If discouraged workers were counted as unemployed, the measured unemployment rate would increase.
Answer: TRUE
7) An unemployment rate of 10% means that the average worker has been unemployed for 10% of the year.
Answer: FALSE
8) If labor markets were perfectly efficient, the unemployment rate would fall to zero.
Answer: FALSE
9) The natural rate of unemployment in the economy is determined by the Congress and the president of the
country.
Answer: FALSE
7.2 Inflation
1) In which of the following conditions is the inflation rate likely to fall and the unemployment rate likely to
rise?
A) hyperinflation
B) recession
C) boom
D) stagflation
Answer: B
3) An economic boom tends to ________ the demand for imports, which ________ a nations
balance of payments.
A) reduce; worsens.
B) reduce; improves.
C) increase; improves.
D) increase; worsens.
Answer: D
4) The floods of 1993 caused the price of corn to increase. This is an example of
A) inflation.
B) deflation.
C) a sustained inflation.
D) the operations of supply and demand.
Answer: D
5) The decrease in the demand for mainframe computers caused manufacturers of mainframe computers to
reduce prices by 20%. This is an example of
A) inflation.
B) deflation.
C) a sustained inflation.
D) the operations of supply and demand.
35
Answer: D
6) Inflation is an increase in
A) the price of one item.
B) the overall price level.
C) the average income level.
D) real gross national product.
Answer: B
8) Deflation is a decrease in
A) the price of one item.
B) the overall price level.
C) the average income level.
D) real gross national product.
Answer: B
9) An increase in the overall price level that continues over a significant period of time is
A) high inflation.
B) sustained recovery.
C) sustained inflation.
D) super inflation.
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Table 7.3 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 7.3
11) Refer to Table 7.3. Suppose 2006 is the base year. The price index in 2006 is
A) 1,000.
B) 100.
C) 1.
D) 10.
36
Answer: B
12) Refer to Table 7.3. If 2006 is the base year, the price index in 2005 is
A) 96.0.
B) 104.0.
C) 111.9.
D) 89.3.
Answer: D
13) Refer to Table 7.3. If 2006 is the base year, the price index in 2007 is
A) 93.9.
B) 106.1.
C) 94.2.
D) 105.8.
Answer: B
14) Refer to Table 7.3 If 2006 is the base year, the price index in 2008 is
A) 81.2. B) 118.8. C) 123.2.
D) 86.8.
Answer: C
15) Refer to Table 7.3. If 2006 is the base year, the inflation rate between 2006 and 2007 is
A) 3.9%.
B) 10.2%.
C) 7.4%.
D) 6.1%.
Answer: D
16) Refer to Table 7.3. If 2006 is the base year, the inflation rate between 2006 and 2007 is ________%, and
the inflation rate between 2007 and 2008 is ________ %.
A) 7.4; 13.9
B) 6.1; 16.1
C) 3.9; 17.1
D) 10.2; 10.4
Answer: B
17) Refer to Table 7.3. The lowest inflation rate is between the years
A) 2007 and 2008.
B) 2006 and 2007.
C) 2005 and 2006.
D) cannot be determined from the given information
Answer: B
Refer to the information provided in Table 7.4 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 7.4
37
18) Refer to Table 7.4. The bundle price for the goods in period 2006 is
A) $100.
B) $41.
C) $50.50.
D) $57.50.
Answer: B
19) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2006 is the base period, the price index in 2006 is
A) 1000.
B) 100.
C) 10.
D) 1.
Answer: B
20) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2006 is the base year, the price index in 2007 is
A) 81.9.
B) 123.2.
C) 119.1.
D) 76.8.
Answer: B
21) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2006 is the base year, the price index in 2008 is
A) 71.3.
B) 140.2.
C) 59.8.
D) 128.7.
Answer: B
22) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2006 is the base year, the inflation rate between 2006 and 2007 is
A) 12.4%.
B) 19.1%.
C) 23.2%.
D) 17.6%.
Answer: C
23) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2006 is the base year, the inflation rate between 2006 and 2008 is
A) 28.7%.
B) 17.4%.
C) 25.1%.
D) 40.2%.
Answer: D
24) Refer to Table 7.4. If 2007 is the base year, the inflation rate between 2007 and 2008 is
38
A) 12.2%.
B) 7.0%.
C) 13.9%.
D) 9.4%.
Answer: C
25) If period 1 is the base year, the bundle price of goods in period 1 is $300, and the bundle price of goods
in period 2 is $320, the period 2 price index is
A) 93.8.
B) 106.2.
C) 93.3.
D) 106.7.
Answer: D
26) If 2007 is the base year, the bundle price of goods in 2007 is $500, and the bundle price of
goods in 2008 is $700, the 2008 price index is
A) 128.6.
B) 140.0.
C) 71.4.
D) 60.0.
Answer: B
28) A price index that tends to be a leading indicator of future inflation rates is the
A) consumer price index.
B) producer price index.
C) GDP price index.
D) retail price index.
Answer: B
30) Most economists consider the ________ as the best overall indicator of inflationary pressures in the
economy.
A) producer price index
B) GDP deflator
C) wholesale price index
D) consumer price index
Answer: B
32) The difference between the interest rate on a loan and the inflation rate is the
A) nominal interest rate.
B) inflation premium.
39
C) real interest rate.
D) expected interest rate.
Answer: C
34) If Mr. Garrison is paid an interest rate of 4% on his savings, but the inflation rate is 7%, the real interest
rate Mr. Garrison earns is
A) 4%.
B) -3%.
C) -7%.
D) 28%.
Answer: B
35) You want to make a 10% real return on a loan that you are planning to make, and the expected inflation
rate during the period of the loan is 4%. You should charge a nominal interest rate of
A) 6%.
B) -6%.
C) 10%.
D) 14%.
Answer: D
45) Lola wants to make an 6% real return on a loan that she is planning to make, and the expected inflation
rate during the period of the loan is 5%. She should charge an interest rate of
A) 6%.
B) 16%.
C) 11%.
D) 1%.
Answer: C
46) If the inflation rate is smaller than the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate is
A) positive.
B) negative.
C) zero.
D) either positive or zero.
Answer: A
40
D) will have no benefits or costs associated with it.
Answer: B
52) When unanticipated inflation occurs regularly, the degree of risk associated with investments in the
economy
A) increases. B) decreases.
C) remains stable. D) falls to zero.
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) The CPI somewhat overstates changes in the cost of living because it does not allow for substitutions that
consumers might make in response to price changes.
Answer: TRUE
2) An inflation rate that is lower than expected benefits creditors.
Answer: TRUE
3) There are no costs associated with inflation if the inflation rate is perfectly anticipated.
Answer: FALSE
4) The actual real rate of interest is the nominal rate less the actual inflation rate.
Answer: TRUE
2 True/False
1) The only source of economic growth is growth in the number of workers in the economy.
Answer: FALSE
2) If the population is growing as fast the economy, then per capita output is growing.
Answer: FALSE
3) If more workers have more capital to work with, then production will increase.
Answer: TRUE
4) Productivity is output per worker hour.
41
Answer: TRUE
42
Chapter 4 Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output
1) The MPC is
A) the change in consumption divided by the change in income.
B) consumption divided by income.
C) the change in consumption divided by the change in saving.
D) the change in saving divided by the change in income.
Answer: A
2) The MPS is
A) the change in saving divided by the change in income.
B) 1 + MPC
C) income divided by saving.
D) total saving divided by total income.
Answer: A
3) Saving equals
A) Y - C.
B) Y - planned I.
C) Y - actual I.
D) Inventory changes.
Answer: A
5) If you earn additional $500 in disposable income one week for painting your neighbors house,
A) the total of your consumption and saving will increase by more than $500.
B) the total of your consumption and saving will increase by $500.
C) the total of your consumption and saving will increase by less than $500.
D) your consumption will increase by more than $500, even if your MPS is 0.1.
Answer: B
6) If Logan received a $2,500 bonus and his MPS is 0.20, his consumption rises by $________ and his
saving rises by $________.
A) 500; 100
B) 2,500; 200
C) 2,000; 500
D) 2,500; 20
Answer: C
43
8) Uncertainty about the future is likely to
A) increase current spending.
B) have no impact on current spending.
C) decrease current spending.
D) either increase or decrease current spending.
Answer: C
10) Consumption is
A) positively related to household income and wealth and households expectations about the future, but
negatively related to interest rates.
B) negatively related to household income and wealth, interest rates, and households expectations about the
future.
C) determined only by income.
D) positively related to household income and wealth, interest rates, and households expectations about the
future.
Answer: A
12) If Wandas income is reduced to zero after she loses her job, her consumption will be ________ and her
saving will be ________.
A) less than zero; less than zero
B) greater than zero; greater than zero
C) less than zero; greater than zero
D) greater than zero; less than zero
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
44
13) Refer to Figure 8.1. The MPS for this household is ________ and the MPC is ________.
A) 0.4; 0.6
B) 0.5; 0.5
C) 0.2; 0.8
D) 0.3; 0.7
Answer: B
14) Refer to Figure 8.1. The equation for this households saving function is
A) S = -200 + .8Y.
B) S = -300 + 0.25Y.
C) S = -500 + .5Y.
D) S = -1,000 + 0.8Y.
Answer: C
15) Refer to Figure 8.1. At income level $1,500, this households saving is ________ than (to) zero and this
households consumption is ________ zero.
A) less than; greater than
B) equal to ; equal to
C) greater than; less than
D) greater than; greater than
Answer: D
17) Refer to Figure 8.1. This household saves -$300 at an income level of
A) $400.
B) $300
C) $250.
D) $125.
Answer: A
18) Refer to Figure 8.1. This household consumes $2,000 at an income level of
A) $3,000.
B) $2,000.
C) $2,275.
D) $1,840.
Answer: A
19) Refer to Figure 8.1. An increase in the amount of consumption this household makes when this
households income is zero
A) makes the consumption function steeper.
B) makes the saving function flatter.
C) shifts the consumption function downward.
45
D) shifts the saving function downward.
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.2 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.2
22) Refer to Figure 8.2. Jerrys consumption equals his income at Point
A) B.
B) A.
C) D.
D) C.
Answer: B
23) Refer to Figure 8.2. Jerrys saving equals zero at income level
A) zero.
B) Y1.
C) Y2.
D) Y2 - Y1.
Answer: B
24) Refer to Figure 8.2. Along the line segment AC, Jerrys
A) consumption equals his income.
B) consumption is greater than his income.
C) saving is zero.
D) saving is positive.
Answer: D
46
25) Refer to Figure 8.2. Along the segment AB, Jerrys
A) consumption is less than his income. B) saving is positive.
C) consumption equals his income. D) saving is negative.
Answer: D
26) Refer to Figure 8.2. Positive saving occurs along the line segment
A) BC.
B) DC.
C) AC.
D) BA.
Answer: C
28) Refer to Figure 8.2. Suppose Jerrys MPC increases. At income Y1, Jerrys
A) consumption will be greater than his income.
B) consumption will be less than his income.
C) saving will be zero.
D) all of the above
Answer: A
30) If you save $80 when you experience a $400 rise in your income,
A) your MPS is 0.25.
B) your MPC is 0.80.
C) your MPC is 0.85.
D) your MPS is 0.40.
Answer: B
31) If consumption is $30,000 when income is $35,000, and consumption increases to $36,000 when income
increases to $43,000, the MPC is
A) 0.65.
B) 0.80.
C) 0.75.
D) 0.95.
Answer: C
32) If consumption is $10,000 when income is $10,000, and consumption increases to $11,000 when
income increases to $12,000, the MPS is
A) 0.10. B) 0.25. C) 0.50. D) 0.90.
Answer: C
47
33) Suppose consumption is $5,000 when income is $8,000 and the MPC equals 0.9. When income increases
to $10,000, consumption is
A) $4,500.
B) $2,700.
C) $6,800.
D) $7,200.
Answer: C
34) Suppose saving is $1,400 when income is $10,000 and the MPC equals 0.8. When income increases to
$12,000, saving is
A) $1,680.
B) $1,800.
C) $2,200.
D) $3,000.
Answer: B
35) Suppose consumption is $60,000 when income is $90,000 and the MPS equals 0.25. When income
increases to $100,000, consumption is
A) $70,000.
B) $85,000.
C) $67,500.
D) $90,250.
Answer: C
38) If the consumption function is of the form C = 80 + 0.4Y, the MPS equals
A) -0.4.
B) 0.4.
C) 0.6.
D) -0.6.
Answer: C
39) If the saving function is of the form S = -20 + 0.3Y, consumption at an income level of 200 is
A) 80.
B) 120.
C) 160.
D) 180.
Answer: C
40) If Lilys consumption function is of the form C = 100 + 0.8Y, her saving equals zero at an income level
of
48
A) 180.
B) 500.
C) 800.
D) cannot be determined from the given information
Answer: B
41) If Zanders saving function is of the form S = -150 + 0.5Y, his consumption equals his income at an
income level of
A) 150.
B) 225.
C) 1,500.
D) 300.
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Table 8.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 8.1
42) Refer to Table 8.1. The equation for the aggregate consumption function is
A) C = 80 + .95Y.
B)C = 80 + .9Y.
C) C = 80 + .75Y.
D)C = -80 + .45Y.
Answer: B
45) Refer to Table 8.1. At an aggregate income level of $100, aggregate saving would be
A) -$30
. B) $30.
C) -$70.
D) $50.
Answer: C
49
46) Refer to Table 8.1. Assuming societys MPC is constant at an aggregate of income of $300, aggregate
consumption would be ________.
A) $325.
B) $350.
C) $305.
D) $425.
Answer: B
Refer to the information provided in Table 8.2 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 8.2
47) Refer to Table 8.2. The equation for the aggregate saving function is
A) S = -100 + .15Y.
B) S = -100 + .1Y.
C) S = -150 + .2Y.
D) S = -150 + .85Y.
Answer: B
50) Refer to Table 8.2. Assuming societys MPC is constant, at an aggregate income level of $900,
aggregate consumption would be
A) $665.
B) $910.
C) $1,200.
D) $1,750.
Answer: B
51) Refer to Table 8.2. Assuming societys MPC is constant, at an aggregate income of $1,200 aggregate
saving would be ________.
50
A) $0
B) $20
C) $55
D) $150
Answer: B
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.3 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.3
52) Refer to Figure 8.3. The equation for the aggregate consumption function is
A) C = 140 + .5Y.
B)C = 60 + .7Y.
C) C = 80 + .6Y.
D) C = 60 + .4Y.
Answer: B
53) Refer to Figure 8.3. The equation for the aggregate saving function is
A) S = -60 + .3Y.
B)S = -200 + .6Y.
C)S = -140 + .5Y.
D)S = -80 + .4Y
Answer: A
54) Refer to Figure 8.3. In this economy, aggregate saving will be zero if income is
A) $100 billion.
B) $200 billion.
C) $300 billion.
D) $400 billion.
Answer: B
55) Refer to Figure 8.3. For this society, aggregate saving is positive if aggregate income is
A) above zero.
B) between $0 and $150 billion.
C) equal to $200 billion.
D) above $200 billion.
Answer: D
56) Refer to Figure 8.3. If aggregate income is $1,000 billion, then in this society aggregate saving is
51
________ billion.
A) $300
B) $320
C) $240
D) $550
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.4 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.4
59) Refer to Figure 8.4. Which consumption function has the largest MPC?
A) C1.
B) C2.
C) C3.
D) cannot be determined from the figure
Answer: C
60) Refer to Figure 8.4. Suppose the consumption function for C1 = 10 + 0.8Y, the consumption
function that best fits C2 is
A) C2 = 20 + 0.8Y.
B) C2 = 10 + 0.4Y.
52
C) C2 = 40 + 0.5Y.
D) C2 = 20 + 0.1Y.
Answer: A
61) Refer to Figure 8.4. Suppose the consumption function for C1 = 20 + 0.5Y, the consumption function that
best fits C3 is
A) C3 = 20 + 0.8Y.
B) C3 = 20 + 0.4Y.
C) C3 = 40 + 0.5Y.
D) C3 = 40 + 0.4Y.
Answer: A
62) Refer to Figure 8.4. If income is Y1, aggregate consumption is the greatest when the aggregate
consumption function is
A) C3.
B) C2.
C) C1.
D) cannot be determined from the figure
Answer: B
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.5 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.5
53
65) Refer to Figure 8.5. The MPS for this saving function is
A) 5.
B) 0.25.
C) 0.5.
D) 4.
Answer: B
66) Refer to Figure 8.5. If aggregate income is $400 billion, aggregate saving is ________ billion.
A) -$300
B) -$100
C) $0
D) $500
Answer: B
67) Refer to Figure 8.5. If aggregate income is $900 billion, aggregate consumption
A) is $25 billion.
B) is $800 billion.
C) is $875 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.6 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.6
68) Refer to Figure 8.6. The MPS for this saving function is
A) .4.
B) .2.
C) .25.
D) .1.
Answer: D
69) Refer to Figure 8.6. If aggregate income is $800, aggregate saving is ________.
A) -$100
B) -$20
C) $40
D) $20
Answer: D
54
C) $910.
D) $920.
Answer: B
2 True/False
1) As interest rates fall, spending decreases.
Answer: FALSE
2) Uncertainty about the future is likely to increase current spending.
Answer: FALSE
3) The marginal propensity to consume is the change in consumption per change in income.
Answer: TRUE
4) If the marginal propensity to consume is .8, the marginal propensity to save is 8.
Answer: FALSE
2) The Jackson Tool Company manufactures only tools. In 2008 Jackson Tools manufactured
20,000 tools, but sold 21,000 tools. In 2008 Jackson Tools change in inventory was
A) -2,000 tools.
B) 1,000 tools.
C) -1,000 tools.
D) 3,000 tools.
Answer: C
5) Over which component of investment do firms have the least amount of control?
A) purchases of new equipment
B) construction of new factories
C) changes in inventories
D) building new machines
Answer: C
6) Assume that in Scandia, planned investment is $80 billion but actual investment is $60 billion.
Unplanned inventory investment is
55
A) -$10 billion.
B) $140 billion.
C) -$20 billion.
D) $70 billion.
Answer: C
7) Assume that in Jabara, planned investment is $30 billion, but actual investment is $45 billion.
Unplanned inventory investment is
A) $75 billion.
B) -$15 billion.
C) $15 billion.
D) -$75 billion.
Answer: C
8) If unplanned business investment is $20 million and planned investment is $20 million, then
actual investment is
A) $20 million.
B) $40 million.
C) -$20 million.
D) $200 million.
Answer: B
9) In 2006 Happylands planned investment was $90 billion and its actual investment was $140
billion. In 2006 Happylands unplanned inventory change was
A) -$50 billion.
B) -$115 billion.
C) $50 billion.
D) $230 billion.
Answer: C
56
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.7 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.7
12) Refer to Figure 8.7. In Azora, planned investment does not vary with income. Azoras planned
investment function is represented by
A) Panel A.
B) Panel B.
C) Panel C.
D) Panel D.
Answer: B
13) Refer to Figure 8.7. In Farley, planned investment varies inversely with income. Farleys
planned investment function is represented by
A) Panel A.
B) Panel B.
C) Panel C.
D) Panel D.
Answer: D
14) Without the government or the foreign sector in the income-expenditure model, planned aggregate
expenditure equals
A) consumption plus actual investment.
B) consumption plus inventory adjustment.
C) consumption minus planned investment.
D) consumption plus planned investment.
Answer: D
2 True/False
1) If actual investment is greater than planned investment, unplanned inventories decline.
Answer: FALSE
2) Firms react to an unplanned inventory investment by increasing output.
Answer: FALSE
3) Firms react to negative inventory investment by increasing output.
57
Answer: TRUE
4) If planned saving exceeds planned investment, injections are greater than leakages.
Answer: FALSE
5) If planned investment increases, equilibrium will be restored only when saving has increased
by exactly the amount of the initial increase in planned investment, assuming there is no
government or foreign sector.
Answer: TRUE
58
Refer to the information provided in Table 8.3 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 8.3
6) Refer to Table 8.3. At an aggregate output level of $400 billion, planned expenditure equals
A) $550 billion.
B) $450 billion.
C) $500 billion.
D) $850 billion.
Answer: A
7) Refer to Table 8.3. At an aggregate output level of $800 billion, aggregate saving
A) equals -$50 billion.
B) equals $0.
C) equals $50 billion.
D) cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: C
8) Refer to Table 8.3. At an aggregate output level of $200 billion, the unplanned inventory change is
A) -$150 billion.
B) -$200 billion.
C) -$50 billion.
D) $100 billion.
Answer: B
9) Refer to Table 8.3. At an aggregate output level of $600 billion, the unplanned inventorychange is
A) -$100 billion.
B) -$50 billion.
C) $0.
D) $50 billion.
Answer: A
10) Refer to Table 8.3. If aggregate output equals ________, there will be a $100 billion unplanned
decrease in inventories.
A) $200 billion
B) $400 billion
C) $600 billion
D) $800 billion
Answer: C
59
11) Refer to Table 8.3. The equilibrium level of aggregate output equals
A) $400 billion.
B) $600 billion.
C) $800 billion.
D) $1,000 billion.
Answer: D
13) Refer to Table 8.3. Planned saving equals planned investment at an aggregate output level
A) of $1000 billion.
B) of $600 billion.
C) of $800 billion.
D) that cannot be determined from this information.
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 8.4 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 8.4
15) Refer to Table 8.4. At an aggregate output level of $3,000 million, planned expenditure equals
A) $3,000.
B) $3,600.
C) $2,800.
D) $4,400.
Answer: B
60
16) Refer to Table 8.4. The MPC in this economy is
A) 0.5.
B) 0.6.
C) 0.7.
D) 0.8.
Answer: D
17) Refer to Table 8.4. At an aggregate output level of $4,000 million, the unplanned inventory change is
A) $1,200 million.
B) 0.
C) $400 million.
D) -$400 million.
Answer: D
18) Refer to Table 8.4. At an aggregate output level of $7,000 million, the unplanned inventory
change is
A) 0.
B) $400 million.
C) -$400 million.
D) -$1,200 million.
Answer: B
19) Refer to Table 8.4. If aggregate output equals ________, there will be a $200 million unplanned
decrease in inventories.
A) $3,000 million
B) $4,000 million
C) $5,000 million
D) $6,000 million
Answer: C
20) Refer to Table 8.4. The equilibrium level of aggregate output equals
A) $3,000 million.
B) $4,000 million.
C) $5,000 million.
D) $6,000 million.
Answer: D
22) Refer to Table 8.4. Planned saving equals planned investment at an aggregate output level of
A) $4,000 million.
B) $5,000 million.
C) $6,000 million.
D) $7,000 million.
Answer: C
61
23) Refer to Table 8.4. Planned investment equals actual investment at
A) all income levels.
B) all income levels above $6,000 million.
C) all income levels below $6,000 million
D) an income level of $6,000 million.
Answer: D
24) If C = 100 + .8Y and I = 50, then the equilibrium level of income is
A) 600.
B) 375.
C) 187.5.
D) 750.
Answer: D
25) If C = 500 + .9Y and I = 400, then the equilibrium level of income is
A) 900.
B) 1,800.
C) 1,000.
D) 9,000.
Answer: D
26) If S = -200 + 0.2Y and I = 100, then the equilibrium level of income is
A) 3,000.
B) 1,500.
C) 4,000.
D) 1,200.
Answer: B
27) If C = 1,500 + .75Y and I = 500, then planned saving equals planned investment at aggregate
output level of
A) 8,000.
B) 20,000.
C) 2,666.67.
D) 10,000.
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.8 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.8
62
28) Refer to Figure 8.8. What is the equation for the aggregate expenditure function (AE)?
A) AE = 200 + .5Y.
B) AE = 150 + .25Y.
C) AE = 200 + .8Y.
D) AE = 350 + .6Y.
Answer: B
30) Refer to Figure 8.8. At aggregate output level $300 million, there is a
A) $75 million unplanned increase in inventories.
B) $75 million unplanned decrease in inventories.
C) $100 million decrease in inventories.
D) $100 million increase in inventories.
Answer: A
31) Refer to Figure 8.8. At aggregate output level $100 million, there is a
A) $75 million unplanned increase in inventories.
B) $75 million unplanned decrease in inventories.
C) $100 million decrease in inventories.
D) $100 million increase in inventories.
Answer: B
32) Refer to Figure 8.8. How will equilibrium aggregate expenditure and equilibrium aggregateoutput
change as a result of a decrease in investment by $20 million?
A) AE line shifts down, increasing equilibrium output and equilibrium expenditure.
B) AE line shifts up, increasing equilibrium output and equilibrium expenditure.
C) AE line shifts down, decreasing equilibrium output and equilibrium expenditure.
D) AE line shifts down, increasing equilibrium output and decreasing equilibrium
expenditure.
Answer: C
33) Refer to Figure 8.8. Leakages are greater than injections at an aggregate output level of
A) $300 million.
B) $100 million.
C) $200 million.
D) cannot be determined from the figure
Answer: A
63
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.9 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.9
34) Refer to Figure 8.9. What is the equation for the aggregate expenditure function (AE)?
A) AE = 600 + .1Y.
B) AE = 200 + .8Y.
C) AE = 550 + .8Y.
D) AE = 100 + .9Y.
Answer: B
35) Refer to Figure 8.9. At an aggregate output level of $500 million, there is a
A) $100 million unplanned increase in inventories.
B) $175 million unplanned decrease in inventories.
C) $0 change in unplanned inventories.
D) $100 million unplanned decrease in inventories.
Answer: D
36) Refer to Figure 8.9. At aggregate output levels above $1,000 million, there are
A) unplanned increases in inventories and output increases.
B) unplanned decreases in inventories and output increases.
C) unplanned decreases in inventories and output decreases.
D) unplanned increases in inventories and output decreases.
Answer: D
37) Refer to Figure 8.9. At aggregate output levels below $1,000 million, there are
A) unplanned decreases in inventories and output increases.
B) unplanned increases in inventories and output increases.
C) unplanned increases in inventories and output decreases.
D) unplanned decreases in inventories and output decreases.
Answer: A
64
38) Refer to Figure 8.9. At aggregate output levels above $1,000 million,
A) leakages equal injections.
B) leakages are more than injections.
C) leakages are zero, but injections are positive.
D) leakages are less than injections.
Answer: B
39) Refer to Figure 8.9. At aggregate output levels below $1,000 million,
A) leakages equal injections.
B) leakages are greater than injections.
C) leakages are less than injections.
D) leakages are positive, but injections are negative.
Answer: C
40) Using the saving/investment approach to equilibrium, the equilibrium condition can be
written as
A) C + I = C + S.
B) C = S + I.
C) C - S = I.
D) C + S = I.
Answer: A
65
Answer: C
2 True/False
1) When aggregate expenditure is greater than aggregate output, there will be an unplanned
build up of inventories.
Answer: FALSE
2) When there is an unplanned draw down of inventories, firms will increase production.
Answer: TRUE
3) Actual investment equals planned investment plus unplanned changes in inventories.
Answer: TRUE
4) When the economy is in equilibrium, savings equals planned investment.
Answer: TRUE
5) If aggregate expenditure decreases, then equilibrium output increases.
Answer: FALSE
6) Assuming there is no government or foreign sector, the economy will be in equilibrium if, and
only if, planned investment equals actual investment.
Answer: TRUE
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.10 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.10
66
2) Refer to Figure 8.10. The equation for the aggregate expenditure function AE0 is
A) AE0 = 50 + .6Y.
B) AE0 = 80 + .6Y.
C) AE0 = 50 + .75Y.
D) AE0 = 50 + .4Y.
Answer: C
4) Refer to Figure 8.10. A $10 million increase in investment changes equilibrium output to
A) $240 million.
B) $90 million.
C) $225 million.
D) $175 million.
Answer: A
67
9) Assuming there is no government or foreign sector, the formula for the multiplier is
A) 1/(1 - MPC).
B) 1/MPC.
C) 1/(1 + MPC).
D) 1 - MPC.
Answer: A
10) Assuming there is no government or foreign sector, if the multiplier is 10, the MPC is
A) 0.9.
B) 0.8.
C) 0.5.
D) 0.1.
Answer: A
11) Assume there is no government or foreign sector. If the MPS is .05, the multiplier is
A) 0.95.
B) 20.
C) 10.
D) 50.
Answer: B
) Assume there is no government or foreign sector. If the multiplier is 10, a $10 billion increase
in planned investment will cause aggregate output to increase by
A) $1 billion.
B) $5 billion.
C) $10 billion.
D) $100 billion.
Answer: D
13) Assume there is no government or foreign sector. If the MPS is 0.2, a $40 billion decrease in planned
investment will cause aggregate output to decrease by
A) $20 billion.
B) $50 billion.
C) $80 billion.
D) $200 billion.
Answer: D
14) Assume there is no government or foreign sector. If the multiplier is 4, a $20 billion increase in
investment will cause aggregate output to increase by
A) $5 billion.
B) $20 billion.
C) $40 billion.
D) $80 billion.
Answer: D
68
Refer to the information provided in Figure 8.11 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 8.11
15) Refer to Figure 8.11. What is the equation for aggregate expenditure AE1?
A) AE1 = 1,000 + .5Y.
B) AE1 = 600 + .4Y.
C) AE1 = 1,000 + .6Y.
D) AE1 = 400 + .4Y.
Answer: B
16) Refer to Figure 8.11. Suppose AE1, AE2 and AE3 are parallel. What is the value of Point B?
A) $750 million
B) $800 million
C) $900 million
D) cannot be determined from the given information
Answer: C
17) Refer to Figure 8.11. Suppose AE1, AE2 and AE3 are parallel. What is the value of Point A?
A) $450 million
B) $540 million
C) $510 million
D) cannot be determined from the given information
Answer: A
18) Refer to Figure 8.11. Suppose the economys aggregate expenditure line is AE1. A $10 million increase
in planned investment causes aggregate equilibrium output to increase to
A) $1,016.7 million.
B) $1,010 million.
C) $1,125.5 million.
D) $1,215.6 million.
Answer: A
69
D) either increase or decrease depending on the size of the change in investment.
Answer: A
20) Midwest State University in Nebraska is trying to convince Nebraska taxpayers that the tax
dollars spent at Midwest State University are well spent. One of the universitys arguments is
that for every $1 spent by Midwest State University an additional $5 of expenditures are
generated within Nebraska. Midwest State University is arguing that the multiplier for their
expenditures is
A) 0.2.
B) 1.
C) 4.
D) 5.
Answer: D
23) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 154 [466]: According to the paradox of thrift, as
individuals increase their saving,
A) income in the economy increases because there is more money available for firms to invest.
B) income in the economy increases because interest rates will fall and the economy will expand.
C) income in the economy will remain constant because the change in consumption equals the change in
saving.
D) income in the economy will fall because the decreased consumption that results from increased saving
causes the economy to contract.
Answer: D
24) Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 154 [466]: According to the paradox of thrift,
increased efforts to save will cause a(n)
A) increase in income and an increase in overall saving.
B) increase in income but no overall change in saving.
C) decrease in income and an overall decrease in saving.
D) decrease in income but an increase in saving.
Answer: C
70
2 True/False
1) The larger the MPC, the smaller the multiplier.
Answer: FALSE
2) The smaller the MPS, the larger the multiplier.
Answer: TRUE
3) If the MPC is .75, then the multiplier is 4.
Answer: TRUE
4) If the MPS is .1, then the multiplier is 10.
Answer: TRUE
5) An increase in the MPC, reduces the multiplier.
Answer: FALSE
71
Principles of
Macroeconomics
72
April 2011
73
Chapter 6 The Money Supply and the Federal Reserve System
10.1 An Overview of Money
1) Money is
A) the same as income.
B) anything that is generally accepted as a medium of exchange.
C) the value of all coins and currency in circulation at any time.
D) backed by gold in Fort Knox.
Answer: B
2) Any transaction that involves exchanging one good for another without using money is considered a
A) liquidity transaction.
B) barter transaction.
C) deferred payment.
D) black market exchange.
Answer: B
3) Jacob makes excellent tamales and Amanda is very good at mowing lawns. Amanda agrees to mow
Jacobs lawn, if he makes her a dozen tamales. This is an example of
A) legal tender.
B) barter.
C) commodity money.
D) fiat money.
Answer: B
5) Josie wants to trade swimming lessons for cooking lessons. Maria wants to trade cooking
lessons for swimming lessons. Josie and Maria have
A) the basis for a liquidity exchange.
B) a double incidence of demand.
C) the basis for a double fiat exchange.
D) a double coincidence of wants.
Answer: D
6) The development of money as a medium of exchange has facilitated the expansion of trade because
A) holding money increases peoples wealth.
B) holding money increases peoples income.
C) money eliminates the double coincidence of wants problem.
D) no other mediums of exchange are available.
Answer: C
74
D) it reduces the number of transactions in the economy.
Answer: A
8) Betty won $500 in a poker tournament. She deposits her $500 winnings into a money market fund so that
she can use the money next year to help her pay for a trip to Las Vegas. This is an example of money serving
as a(n)
A) unit of account.
B) medium of exchange.
C) store of value.
D) investment good.
Answer: C
9) When you pay $8 for salad you ordered for lunch, you are using money as a(n)
A) store of value.
B) investment good.
C) medium of exchange.
D) unit of account.
Answer: C
10) Veronica received a federal income tax rebate check of $600 in May 2008. Veronica put this money in a
saving account so that she could spend it when she went on vacation in July 2008. This is an example of
money serving as a(n)
A) store of value.
B) medium of exchange.
C) unit of account.
D) investment good.
Answer: A
11) When you keep your savings in a saving account, you are using money as a(n)
A) investment good.
B) store of value.
C) medium of exchange.
D) unit of account.
Answer: B
13) The liquidity property of money is the property that makes money
A) a good medium of exchange and a good unit of account.
B) a good store of value and a good unit of account.
C) a good medium of exchange and a good store of value.
D) a good store of value and a good standard of deferred payment.
Answer: C
75
14) When the manager of a department store attaches price tags to his/her products, he/she is using money as
a
A) medium of exchange.
B) store of value.
C) unit of transfer.
D) unit of account.
Answer: D
15) Circuit City, a retailer of electronics, has 2,000 different products in inventory. Circuit City reports its
inventory is worth $12 million. This is an example of using money as a
A) medium of exchange.
B) unit of account.
C) standard of deferred payment.
D) store of value.
Answer: B
16) Dennys lists the price of a Grand Slam Breakfast at $4.99 a plate. Listing the price on the menu
is an example of money serving as a(n)
A) store of value.
B) unit of account.
C) medium of exchange.
D) investment good.
Answer: B
17) When Mexico experiences a period of high inflation and Mexicans lose confidence in their peso as a
store of value, which of the following would be most likely to occur?
A) The demand for pesos would increase.
B) The buying power of the peso would increase.
C) The value of foreign currencies would depreciate relative to the peso.
D) Mexicans would use a different currency as a medium of exchange.
Answer: D
18) A currency that is not backed by gold, silver, or any other precious commodity equal to the face value of
the money is known as
A) fake money.
B) weak money.
C) token money.
D) commodity money.
Answer: C
19) After World War II, cigarettes were used as money in Germany. This is an example of
A) fiat money.
B) legal money.
C) token money.
D) commodity money.
Answer: D
76
21) Which of the following is an example of fiat money?
A) cigarettes
B) an ounce of gold
C) a U.S. one-hundred dollar bill
D) a government bond
Answer: C
23) To ensure that paper money will be accepted, the U.S. government implicitly promises the
public that
A) it will not print money so fast that it loses its value.
B) it will not change the rate at which the dollar is exchanged for other currencies.
C) it will always remain the strongest currency of all industrialized nations.
D) the U.S. monetary system will always be backed by a precious metal.
Answer: A
25) Assume that in the country of Salmon, the government tripled the money supply overnight.
As a result of this action, the price of a loaf of bread increased from 1 bill to 100 bills. This is an
example of
A) a change in the legal tender.
B) a change from commodity money to fiat money.
C) currency debasement.
D) deflation.
Answer: C
26) Currency held outside banks + demand deposits + travelers checks + other checkable deposits
=
A) M3.
B) M2 - M1.
C) M3 - M1.
D) M1.
Answer: D
77
Answer: A
29) Which of the following is included in M2, but not included in M1?
A) currency held outside banks
B) travelers checks
C) demand deposits
D) savings accounts
Answer: D
30) Jaime transfers $2,500 from his checking account to his savings account. This transaction will
A) decrease both M1 and M2.
B) not change M1 and decrease M2.
C) decrease M1 and not change M2.
D) increase both M1 and M2.
Answer: C
31) Ruby transfers $700 from her saving account to her checking account. This transaction will
A) increase M1 and not change M2.
B) not change M1 and decrease M2.
C) increase both M1 and M2.
D) decrease both M1 and M2.
Answer: A
32) Teddy transfers $175 from his money market fund to his checking account. This transaction will
A) decrease M2 and increase M1.
B) increase M1, but leave M2 unchanged.
C) decrease M1 and increase M2.
D) decrease both M1 and M2.
Answer: B
78
C) neither M1 nor M2.
D) both M1 and M2.
Answer: B
79
A) M2 + Savings Accounts - Currency Held Outside Banks + Other Near Monies.
B) M2 - Savings Accounts - Money Market Accounts - Other Near Monies.
C) Money Market Accounts + Automatic-transfer Savings Accounts.
D) M2 + Near Monies.
Answer: B
42) The main advantage of using M2 instead of M1 as the measure for money is that
A) M2 can be measured more accurately.
B) M2 includes only instantly accessible assets.
C) M2 is sometimes more stable.
D) M2 varies as the interest rate varies.
Answer: C
2 True/False
1) When you use money to fill your car with gas every week, you are using money as a unit of account.
Answer: FALSE
2) Money is anything that generally is accepted as a medium of exchange.
Answer: TRUE
3) In an economy that uses fiat money, there is no need for double coincidence of wants.
Answer: TRUE
4) When you take $100 from your saving account and deposit it in your checking account, M2
decreases.
Answer: FALSE
80
5) If all banks are loaned up and so will not make further loans, a $1,000 deposit creates $1,000 in
new money.
Answer: FALSE
6) Fiat money is money the government says is money.
Answer: TRUE
7) The M1 definition of money includes money market accounts.
Answer: FALSE
8) The M2 definition of money includes demand deposits.
Answer: TRUE
2) Saturn County Savings and Loan has liabilities of $400,000 and net worth of $125,000. Saturn
County Savings and Loans assets are
A) $525,000.
B) $275,000.
C) $400,000.
D) $125,000.
Answer: A
3) Thompson National Trust has assets of $500,000 and liabilities of $400,000. Thompson National Trusts
net worth is
A) $900,000.
B) $400,000.
C) $100,000.
D) $500,000.
Answer: C
5) Things that a firm owns that are worth something are classified as
A) liabilities.
B) assets.
C) deposits.
D) net worth.
Answer: B
81
B) reserves
C) the banks loans
D) the banks buildings and equipment
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 10.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 10.1
10) Refer to Table 10.1. The required reserve ratio is 25%. If the First Charter Bank is meeting its reserve
requirement and has no excess reserves, its reserves equal
A) $100.
B) $200.
C) $600.
D) $300.
Answer: B
11) Refer to Table 10.1. The required reserve ratio is 25%. If the First Charter Bank is meeting its
reserve requirement and has no excess reserves, its loans equal
A) $900.
B) $1,000.
C) $600.
82
D) $1,800.
Answer: B
12) Refer to Table 10.1. First Charter Banks total assets are
A) $1,200.
B) $400.
C) $800.
D) $2,400
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 10.2 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 10.2
13) Refer to Table 10.2. First Commercial Banks excess reserves equal $________.
A) 600,000
B) 1,000,000
C) 200,000
D) 1,500,000
Answer: A
15) Refer to Table 10.2. First Commercial Banks total loans equal $________.
A) 1,000,000
B) 5,000,000
C) 2,500,000
D) 1,700,000.
Answer: D
83
Refer to the information provided in Table 10.3 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 10.3
16) Refer to Table 10.3. The net worth of Peoples Bank is $________.
A) 1,000,000
B) 200,000
C) 800,000
D) 300,000
Answer: D
18) Refer to Table 10.3. Peoples Bank excess reserves are $________.
A) 200,000
B) 100,000
C) 300,000
D) 400,000
Answer: A
19) Refer to Table 10.3. Total loans of Peoples Bank equal $________.
A) 100,000
B) 400,000
C) 500,000
D) 800,000
Answer: C
20) Crescent City Bank has $200 million in deposits. Crescent City Bank is meeting its reserve
requirement and has no excess reserves. It has $40 million in reserves. Crescent City Bank faces
a required reserve ratio of
A) 5%.
B) 4%.
84
C) 20%.
D) 25%.
Answer: C
21) Narnia National Bank has $750 million in deposits. The required reserve ratio is 30%. Narnia
National Bank must keep ________ in reserves.
A) $125 million
B) $150 million
C) $225 million
D) $250 million
Answer: C
22) Neon Bank has $300 million in deposits. The required reserve ratio is 25%. Neon Bank must
keep ________ in reserves.
A) $275 million
B) $145 million
C) $75 million
D) $120 million
Answer: C
23) The Intracoastal Bank has $5 million in deposits and $500,000 in reserves. If the required
reserve ratio is 5%, excess reserves are equal to
A) $125,000.
B) $500,000.
C) zero.
D) $250,000.
Answer: D
24) The Bank of Arugula has $9 million in deposits and $900,000 in reserves. If the required reserve ratio is
10%, excess reserves are equal to
A) $90,000.
B) $180,000.
C) $81,000.
D) zero.
Answer: D
25) The Bank of Red Oak has $2 million in deposits and $400,000 in reserves. If excess reserves are
equal to $100,000, the required reserve ratio is
A) 15%.
B) 10%.
C) 20%.
D) 5%.
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 10.4 below to answer the questions that follow .
Table 10.4
85
26) Refer to Table 10.4. If the required reserve ratio is 15%, First Charter Bank
A) is loaned up.
B) has too few reserves on hand.
C) is meeting its required reserve ratio and has $200,000 in excess reserves.
D) has excess reserves of $100,000.
Answer: A
27) Refer to Table 10.4. First Charter Bank could make additional, first round loans of $400,000 if
the required reserve ratio were
A) 10%.
B) 8%.
C) 7.5%.
D) 12%.
Answer: A
28) Refer to Table 10.4. If the required reserve ratio were changed to 5% and First Charter Bank continues to
hold $1,200,000 in reserves, its excess reserves will be
A) $600,000.
B) $1,000,000.
C) $800,000.
D) $400,000.
Answer: C
29) Dollar Bank is currently loaned up. If the required reserve ratio is lowered,
A) Dollar Banks net worth will increase.
B) Dollar Bank will have excess reserves that it can lend out.
C) Dollar Bank will still be loaned up because it did not receive any additional deposits.
D) Dollar Banks actual reserves will increase, but it will still be loaned up.
Answer: B
30) When a bank has no excess reserves, and thus can make no more loans, it is said to be
A) bankrupt.
B) ripe for a takeover.
C) in receivership.
D) loaned up.
Answer: D
86
31) Commercial banks create money through
A) printing treasury notes.
B) making loans.
C) facilitating borrowing from the Federal Reserve to the public.
D) reducing risk in the economy.
Answer: B
32) The multiple by which total deposits can increase for every dollar increase in reserves is the
A) required reserve ratio.
B) banks line of credit.
C) deposit insurance limit.
D) money multiplier.
Answer: D
33) Suppose the required reserve ratio is 20%. A $40 million cash deposit will, at most, allow an expansion
of the money supply to
A) $20 million.
B) $80 million.
C) $200 million.
D) $800 million.
Answer: C
34) Suppose the required reserve ratio is 15%. A $10 million deposit will, at most, allow an
expansion of the money supply to
A) $147.5 million.
B) $250 million.
C) $150 million.
D) $66.7 million.
Answer: D
87
38) Assume that banks become more conservative in their lending policies and start holding some
excess reserves. Compared to a situation in which banks are not holding excess reserves, the
size of the money supply will be
A) zero.
B) larger.
C) the same.
D) smaller.
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Scenario 10.1 below to answer the questions that follow .
SCENARIO 10.1: The following table shows the changes in deposits, reserves, and loans of 4 banks as a
result of a $100,000 initial deposit in Bank No. 1. Assume all banks are loaned up.
41) Refer to Scenario 10.1. What is the money multiplier in this economy?
A) 20
B) 10
C) 50
D) 16.67
Answer: A
42) Refer to Scenario 10.1. Based on the initial $100,000 deposit, the money supply will, at most, expand to
A) $1 million.
B) $2 million.
C) $50 million.
D) $16.67 million.
Answer: B
43) Refer to Scenario 10.1. If the required reserve ratio were changed to 10%, total loans of Bank No. 2 will
change to
A) 81,000.
B) 90,000.
88
C) 85,000.
D) 77,440.
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) Only the required reserve ratio determines how much money the Federal Reserve can create.
Answer: FALSE
2) Excess reserves in a bank are the difference between required reserves and the banks total net worth.
Answer: FALSE
3) Among the assets of commercial banks are demand deposits.
Answer: FALSE
4) The amount of money banks can loan out is determined by the discount rate.
Answer: FALSE
5) Among the liabilities of commercial banks are deposits.
Answer: TRUE
6) Since they must lend money to make money, all banks are necessarily insolvent.
Answer: FALSE
2) Which of the following activities is one of the responsibilities of the Federal Reserve?
A) issuing new bonds to finance the federal budget deficit
B) loaning money to other countries that are friendly to the United States
C) assisting banks that are in a difficult financial position
D) auditing the various agencies and departments of the federal government
Answer: C
5) The Fed
A) issues deposits to the public.
B) lends money to foreign governments.
C) clears inter-bank payments.
D) lends money to the public.
Answer: C
2 True/False
89
1) The President of the NY Federal Reserve Bank is always a member of the Federal Open Market
committee.
Answer: TRUE
2) The Chair of the Fed also serves as one of the Reserve Bank Presidents.
Answer: FALSE
3) The Fed acts as a lender of last resort for the banking system.
Answer: TRUE
4) The members of the Board of Governors of the Fed make up a majority of the Federal Open
Market Committee.
Answer: TRUE
3) Which of the following is NOT a tool available to the Fed to change the supply of money?
A) open market operations B) the required reserve ratio
C) the money multiplier D) the discount rate
Answer: C
6) Assume that all commercial banks are loaned up. Total deposits in the banking system are $200 million.
The required reserve ratio is increased. The money supply will
A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) not change because there was no change in deposits.
D) not change because the required reserve ratio has no impact on money supply.
Answer: A
90
7) The Fed has tended not to use changes in the reserve requirement as a means of controlling the money
supply because
A) only banks that are members of the Fed are subject to reserve requirements, and most banks do not belong
to the Fed.
B) a change in the reserve requirement has only a very small impact on the money supply.
C) it is a crude monetary policy tool because a change in the requirement does not affect banks until about
two weeks after the change is implemented.
D) it takes a long time for the Congress to approve a change in the reserve requirement.
Answer: C
8) The interest rate banks pay to borrow money from the Fed is the
A) federal funds rate.
B) discount rate.
C) prime lending rate.
D) reserve rate.
Answer: B
9) Which of the following represents an action by the Federal Reserve that is designed to increase the money
supply?
A) a decrease in the required reserve ratio
B) an increase in the discount rate
C) a decrease in federal tax rates
D) selling government securities in the open market
Answer: A
10) Which of the following represents an action by the Federal Reserve that is designed to increase the
money supply?
A) buying government securities in the open market
B) an increase in the required reserve ratio
C) a decrease in federal spending
D) an increase in the discount rate
Answer: A
11) Of the tools available to the Fed to regulate the money supply, which is the least used?
A) the federal funds rate
B) the reserve ratio
C) tax cutting
D) the open-market operations
Answer: B
13) Which of the following represents an action by the Federal Reserve that is designed to decrease the
money supply?
A) a decrease in the discount rate
B) a decrease in federal spending
C) selling government securities in the open market
D) a decrease in the required reserve ratio
Answer: C
91
14) When the Fed raises the required reserve ratio, the banks excess reserves will initially________ and the
money supply ________.
A) remains constant; decreases
B) decrease; decreases
C) increase; remain constant
D) increase; increases
Answer: B
15) The best instrument for controlling week-to-week changes in the money supply is
A) the required reserve ratio.
B) moral suasion.
C) open-market operations.
D) the discount rate.
Answer: C
17) An open-market purchase of securities by the Fed results in ________ in reserves and________ in the
supply of money.
A) an increase; a decrease
B) a decrease; a decrease
C) an increase; an increase
D) a decrease; an increase
Answer: C
18) An open-market sale of securities by the Fed results in ________ in reserves and ________ in the supply
of money.
A) an increase; a decrease
B) an increase; an increase
C) a decrease; an increase
D) a decrease; a decrease
Answer: D
19) Assume there is no leakage from the banking system and that all commercial banks are loaned
up. The required reserve ratio is 16%. If the Fed sells $5 million worth of government securities
to the public, the change in the money supply will be
A) -$16 million
B) -$31.25 million.
C) -$21 million.
D) -$11.75 million.
Answer: B
20) Assume there is no leakage from the banking system and that all commercial banks are loaned up. The
required reserve ratio is 10%. If the Fed buys $10 million worth of government securities from the public,the
change in the money supply will be
A) $1 million.
B) $110 million.
C) $100 million.
D) $10 million.
92
Answer: C
21) The money supply has increased from $1.4 trillion to $1.45 trillion. Which of the following could have
caused this increase?
A) The Fed sold government securities to the public.
B) Consumers who were holding money outside the banking system deposit this money.
C) The Fed increased the discount rate.
D) Commercial banks began to hold excess reserves.
Answer: B
22) If the Fed sets the money supply independent of the interest rate, then the money supply curve is
A) upward sloping.
B) downward sloping.
C) vertical.
D) horizontal.
Answer: C
2 True/False
1) A decrease in the required reserve ratio increases the money supply.
Answer: TRUE
2) A sale of government securities to the public by the Federal Reserve will increase the money supply.
Answer: FALSE
3) The discount rate cannot be used to control the money supply with great precision because its effects on
banks demand for reserves are uncertain.
Answer: TRUE
4) The tool most frequently used by the Fed to change the money supply is changing the required reserve
ratio.
Answer: FALSE
5) If the Fed buys securities on the open market, it will increase the money supply.
Answer: TRUE
93
Macroeconomics
April 2011
A) labor market.
B) bond market.
C) money market.
D) goods market.
Answer: D
2) The market in which the equilibrium level of the interest rate is determined is the
A) money market.
B) goods market.
C) labor market.
D) services market.
Answer: A
94
3) The two links between the goods market and the money market are
C) income.
Answer: C
B) money demand
C) income
D) money supply
Answer: C
B) income
C) employment
Answer: A
6) If planned investment is perfectly unresponsive to changes in the interest rate, the planned
investment schedule
B) is horizontal.
C) is vertical.
95
Answer: C
7) If planned investment is perfectly responsive to changes in the interest rate, the planned
investment schedule
B) is horizontal.
C) is vertical.
Answer: B
8) The money market and the goods market are linked through the impact of the interest rate on
A) government spending.
B) planned investment.
C) money supply.
D) unplanned spending.
Answer: B
A) Y = Ms.
B) Md = C + I + G.
C) Md = Ms.
D) Y = C + I + G.
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 12.1
96
10) Refer to Figure 12.1. If the interest rate drops from 8% to 4%, planned investment
Answer: D
11) Refer to Figure 12.1. If the interest rate rises from 4% to 8%, planned investment
Answer: A
12) Refer to Figure 12.1. If the interest rate increases from 4% to 8%,
97
C) planned expenditure increases.
Answer: B
13) Refer to Figure 12.1. If the interest rate decreases from 8% to 4%,
Answer: A
Refer to the information provided in Table 12.1 below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 12.1
14) Refer to Table 12.1. If the interest rate dropped from 15% to 6%, planned investment would
A) increase; 120
B) increase; 180
C) decrease; 120
98
D) decrease; 180
Answer: A
15) Refer to Table 12.1. Suppose the expenditure multiplier is 3. An increase in the interest rate
from 6% to 9%, ceteris paribus, would
Answer: C
16) Refer to Table 12.1. Suppose the expenditure multiplier is 4. A drop in the interest rate from
15% to 9%, ceteris paribus, would increase equilibrium output by $________ billion.
A) 320
B) 20
C) 240
D) 160
Answer: A
17) Refer to Table 12.1. Suppose the expenditure multiplier is 5 and the initial interest rate is 12%.
A move to what interest rate will increase equilibrium output by 400 billion?
A) 3%
B) 6%
C) 9%
D) 18%
Answer: D
18) Refer to Table 12.1. Suppose the expenditure multiplier is 5, the initial interest rate is 9%, and
99
the initial equilibrium output is $600 billion. What is the interest rate that increases equilibrium
output to $800 billion?
A) 12%
B) 15%
C) 6%
D) 3%
Answer: C
19) Refer to Table 12.1. Suppose the expenditure multiplier is 10, and the initial interest rate is15%.
What would be the impact on the equilibrium output if the interest rate fell to 6%?
Answer: A
20) Related to the Economics in Practice on p.221 [533]: According to a recent study by Simon
Gilchrist, Fabio Natalucci, and Egon Zakrajsek, a one percentage point increase in the interest rate
appropriate for a firms borrowing will lead to a
Answer: A
21) Related to the Economics in Practice on p.221 [533]: According to a recent study by Simon
Gilchrist, Fabio Natalucci, and Egon Zakrajsek, investment expenditures are ________ changes in
interest rates.
A) highly sensitive to
B) highly insensitive to
100
C) completely independent of
D) positively related to
Answer: A
2 True/False
1) The interest rate affects the goods market through its impact on money demand.
Answer: FALSE
Answer: FALSE
3) The money market is linked to the goods market through the impact of interest rates on planned
investment.
Answer: TRUE
B) money market and influences the level of planned investment and thus the goods market.
D) goods market and influences the level of planned investment and thus the money market.
Answer: B
2) Output is determined in
101
Answer: A
3) When income increases, the money demand curve shifts to the ________, which ________ the
A) right; increases
B) right; decreases
C) left; increases
D) left; decreases
Answer: A
4) When income ________, the money ________ curve shifts to the right.
A) increases; demand
B) increases; supply
C) decreases; demand
D) decreases; supply
Answer: A
2 True/False
Answer: TRUE
2) The money market is linked to the goods and services market by the impact of income on the
demand for money.
Answer: TRUE
102
B) changes in taxes and money supply.
Answer: D
Answer: B
Answer: A
B) the federal government increasing the marginal tax rate on incomes above $200,000
C) the federal government increasing the amount of money spent on public health programs
D) the federal government reducing pollution standards to allow firms to produce more output
Answer: C
103
A) reduce unemployment.
C) reduce inflation.
D) increase stagflation.
Answer: C
A) reduce unemployment.
B) reduce inflation.
Answer: A
Answer: D
Answer: A
104
9) An example of an expansionary monetary policy is
D) a law placing a ceiling on the maximum interest rate that banks can pay to depositors.
Answer: A
Answer: D
Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.4 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 12.4
105
11) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could decrease from $12 million to $8 million if
Answer: A
12) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could decrease from $16 million to $12 million if
Answer: C
13) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could increase from $8 million to $12 million if
Answer: D
14) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could decrease from $12 million to $8 million if
D) Both B and C
Answer: B
106
15) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could decrease from $16 million to $12 million if
D) B and C
Answer: B
16) Refer to Figure 12.4. Planned investment could increase from $8 million to $12 million if
Answer: D
17) Which of the following sequence of events follows an expansionary monetary policy?
A) r I AE Y.
B) r I AE Y.
C) r I AE Y.
D) r I AE Y.
Answer: C
18) Which of the following sequence of events follows a rise in the discount rate?
A) r I AE Y.
B) r I AE Y.
C) r I AE Y.
D) r I AE Y.
107
Answer: B
19) Which of the following sequence of events follows an expansionary fiscal policy?
A) AE Y Md r I AE.
B) AE Y Md r I AE.
C) AE Y Md r I AE.
D) AE Y Md r I AE.
Answer: B
20) Which of the following sequence of events follows an increase in net taxes?
A) AE Y Md r I AE.
B) AE Y Md r I AE.
C) AE Y Md r I AE.
D) AE Y Md r I AE.
Answer: D
21) If planned investment decreases as the interest rate increases, the size of the government
spending multiplier will be
A) zero.
B) larger than the government spending multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
C) the same as the government spending multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
D) smaller than the government spending multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
Answer: D
22) If planned investment decreases as the interest rate increases, the absolute value of the tax
multiplier will be
108
A) the same as the absolute value of the tax multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
B) larger than the absolute value of the tax multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
C) smaller than the absolute value of the tax multiplier that would result if planned investment were
independent of the interest rate.
D) zero.
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Table 12.2 below and the following three assumptions to
answer the
Table 12.2
1. For every 1% increase (decrease) in interest rate, planned investment decreases (increases) by $5
billion.
2. For every $10 billion increase (decrease) in government spending, interest rate increases
(decreases) by 1%.
23) Refer to Table 12.2. Assuming the economy is in equilibrium, how much is equilibrium output?
A) $750 billion.
B) $900 billion
C) $1,050 billion
109
D) $1,350 billion
Answer: C
24) Refer to Table 12.2. When government spending increases by $30 billion, the crowding-out
effect can be represented by a
Answer: B
A) the Fed increases the money supply at the same time the federal government increases
government spending.
B) the Fed decreases the money supply at the same time the federal government increases
government spending.
C) the Fed does not change the money supply when the government increases government
spending.
Answer: A
28) If the Fed decreases the money supply at the same time the federal government decreases
B) will be increased.
C) will be reduced.
D) could either increase or decrease depending on the sensitivity of planned investment to the
interest rate.
110
Answer: C
C) the larger is the change in planned investment as a result of changes in the interest rate.
D) the smaller is the change in money demand as a result of changes in the interest rate.
Answer: B
A) the smaller is the change in planned investment as a result of changes in the interest rate.
D) the larger is the change in money demand as a result of changes in the interest rate.
Answer:
31) If planned investment does not fall when the interest rate rises, there will be
C) no crowding-out effect.
Answer: C
32) Which of the following reduces the severity of the crowding-out effect whenever government
spending increases?
111
C) A contractionary monetary policy
Answer: A
33) There will be no crowding-out effect when the government increases spending and the
Answer: A
34) If firms sharply increase the number of investment projects undertaken when interest rates fall
and sharply reduce the number of investment projects undertaken when interest rates
Answer: B
35) If planned investment is sensitive to the interest rate, an increase in the interest rate causes the
Answer: A
112
A) the money supply reacts to changes in the interest rate.
Answer: B
37) Dan, a writer for a business magazine, interviewed managers at 100 large corporations. All of
the managers indicated that the primary determinant of planned investment is expected sales and not
the interest rate. From this information, Dan concluded that
A) fiscal policy would be very effective, but monetary policy would not be very effective.
D) contractionary fiscal policy would not be very effective, but contractionary monetary
Answer: A
38) Assume that investment spending depends on the interest rate. As the supply of money is
increased, the interest rate ________ and planned investment spending ________.
A) falls; increases
B) falls; decreases
C) rises; decreases
D) rises; increases
Answer: A
39) If the interest rate is so high that it is hurting economic growth, the recommended policy
action should be
113
C) a contractionary monetary policy.
Answer: B
D) changing the level of aggregate output, which changes the level of planned expenditure.
Answer: C
Answer: D
42) If the federal government is reducing net taxes to stimulate the economy at the same time the
Fed is selling bonds in the open market, the effectiveness of the expansionary fiscal policy will be
A) increased, because the Feds actions will result in higher interest rates.
B) reduced, because the Feds actions will result in higher interest rates.
C) increased, because the Feds actions will result in lower interest rates.
D) reduced, because the Feds actions will result in lower interest rates.
Answer: B
43) If the Fed accommodates a fiscal expansion by increasing the money supply so that the interest
114
rate increases only a little, the crowding-out effect will
A) be zero.
B) increase.
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.5 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 12.5
44) Refer to Figure 12.5. As a result of an expansionary fiscal policy, the largest crowding-out
effect occurs if the planned investment schedule (curve) is similar to the one in Panel ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
115
Answer: C
45) Refer to Figure 12.5. Assume the current equilibrium output is $500 billion, the spending
multiplier is 5, and the government increases purchases by $10 billion. If the new equilibrium
output increases to $530 billion, most likely the planned investment schedule (curve) is similar to
the one in Panel ________.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: A
46) Refer to Figure 12.5. Assume the current equilibrium output is $500 billion, the spending
multiplier is 5, and the government increased spending by $10 billion. If the new equilibrium
output increased to $550 billion, most likely the planned investment schedule (curve) is similar
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
Answer: B
Answer: D
116
48) Which of the following sequence of events occurs in response to an expansionary fiscal policy?
A) Aggregate output decreases, causing money demand to decrease, causing the interest
B) Aggregate output decreases, causing money demand to increase, causing interest rates to
C) Aggregate output increases, causing money demand to increase, causing interest rates to
D) Aggregate output decreases, causing the demand for money to increase, causing interest
Answer: C
Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.6 below to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 12.6
49) Refer to Figure 12.6. After government purchases are reduced, the planned aggregate
expenditure function may shift from C + I + G'' to C + I''+ G'' because the reduction in output will
cause
A) money supply to increase, the interest rate to decrease, and planned investment to increase.
117
B) money supply to decrease, the interest rate to decrease, and planned investment to increase.
C) money demand to decrease, the interest rate to decrease, and planned investment to increase.
D) money demand to increase, the interest rate to decrease, and planned investment to increase.
Answer: C
50) Refer to Figure 12.6. The initial aggregate expenditure function is given by C + I + G. A
decrease in government spending shifts the aggregate expenditure function to C + I + G''. If
investment does NOT depend on the interest rate, the multiplier
A) is .5.
B) is 1.33.
C) is 2.
Answer:
51) Refer to Figure 12.6. If investment does NOT depend on the interest rate, the change in
government purchases that decreases income from $400 billion to $100 billion is
Answer: B
y / G = 1 / MPS
100.
400 / G = 1 / 0.5
G = 1 / 0.5 / 300-
G = -150
Refer to Figure 12.6. If investment DOES depend on the interest rate, the change in planned (52
118
investment that the decrease in government spending brought about so that income fell from $400
billion to $200 billion rather than $100 billion would have been
Answer: A
.Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.7 below to answer the questions that follow
Figure 12.7
A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
119
D) 10
Answer: A
Refer to Figure 12.7. The initial aggregate expenditures are represented by the line AE0. If the (54
government increases spending by $100 billion and the aggregate expenditures curve shifts to AE1,
we know for sure that
Answer: D
Refer to Figure 12.7. The initial aggregate expenditures are represented by the line AE0. If the (55
government increases spending by $100 billion and the aggregate expenditures curve shifts to
.A) the interest rate does not change as a result of fiscal policy
Answer: B
Refer to Figure 12.7. The initial aggregate expenditures are represented by the line AE0. If the (56
government increases spending by $100 billion and the aggregate expenditures curve remains AE0,
we know for sure that
.A) the interest rate does not change as a result of fiscal policy
120
.B) planned investment is perfectly insensitive to changes in the interest rate
Answer: C
If investment depends on the interest rate, a decrease in net taxes will cause aggregate output (57
A) increase by more
B) increase by less
C) decrease by more
D) decrease by less
Answer: B
Answer: B
?Which of the following is the sequence of events following a contractionary monetary policy (59
A) Money demand increases interest rates increase planned investment falls and aggregate
.output falls
B) Interest rates increase planned investment decreases aggregate output decreases money
.demand decreases
C) Interest rates decrease planned investment decreases aggregate output decreases money
.demand decreases
121
D) Aggregate output falls the demand for money falls interest rates rises planned
.investment decreases
Answer: B
.Refer to the information provided in Figure 12.8 below to answer the questions that follow
Figure 12.8
Refer to Figure 12.8. Interest rate r 1 is greater than interest rate r 0 . Which of the following (60
would have caused the planned aggregate expenditure function to shift from C + I + G to C + I +
?G
Answer: A
122
A) a reduction in federal spending on education
Answer: B
If you are concerned that the inflation rate is too high, which of the following policies would (62
?you recommend
Answer: A
The combination of monetary and fiscal policies in use at a given time is referred to as the (63
Answer: B
A policy mix that consists of a contractionary fiscal policy and an expansionary monetary (64
policy would
.A) be neutral with respect to the composition of aggregate spending in the economy
123
.B) lead to higher interest rates
Answer: D
A policy mix that consists of an expansionary fiscal policy and a contractionary monetary (65
policy would
.A) be neutral with respect to the composition of aggregate spending in the economy
Answer: D
A policy mix of an expansionary fiscal policy and a contractionary monetary policy would (66
cause
.C) output to decrease and interest rates to either increase, decrease, or remain unchanged
.D) output to either increase, decrease, or remain unchanged and interest rates to increase
Answer: D
A policy mix of an expansionary fiscal policy and an expansionary monetary policy would (67
A) increase; increase
124
B) increase; increase, decrease, or remain unchanged
D) decrease; increase
Answer: B
The policy mix of a contractionary fiscal policy and a contractionary monetary policy would (68
B) decrease; decrease
C) decrease; increase
Answer: A
The policy mix that would cause the interest rate to increase and investment to decrease, but (69
Answer: C
The policy mix that would cause the interest rate to decrease and investment to increase, but (70
125
.B) expansionary fiscal policy and contractionary monetary policy
Answer: A
If the Fed increases the money supply, there will initially be (71
.A) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.B) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
.C) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.D) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
Answer: B
If the Fed decreases the money supply, there will initially be (72
.A) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.B) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
.C) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.D) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
Answer: A
.A) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.B) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
.C) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
126
.D) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
Answer: A
.A) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.B) a surplus of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
.C) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will rise
.D) a shortage of money and the equilibrium interest rate will fall
Answer: B
127