Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    CLL703 - Report 02 - Group08 PDF

    Uploaded by

    akshay
    1) The direct synthesis process produces HCl by reacting hydrogen and chlorine at high temperatures, generating large amounts of heat. This produces a 92% pure HCl gas that can be further purified through absorption. 2) Hydrochloric acid is commonly produced as a byproduct through chlorination reactions. The HCl gas produced is absorbed to form HCl acid or reused. Fractional distillation may be used to separate products from cracking reactions for purer HCl recovery. 3) HCl can be produced through incineration of chlorocarbons, which has low production costs and helps curb pollution. Chlorocarbons are combusted at high temperatures, producing HCl and other gases that are separated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CLL703 - Report 02 - Group08 PDF

    Uploaded by

    akshay
    66 views2 pages
    1) The direct synthesis process produces HCl by reacting hydrogen and chlorine at high temperatures, generating large amounts of heat. This produces a 92% pure HCl gas that can be further purified through absorption. 2) Hydrochloric acid is commonly produced as a byproduct through chlorination reactions. The HCl gas produced is absorbed to form HCl acid or reused. Fractional distillation may be used to separate products from cracking reactions for purer HCl recovery. 3) HCl can be produced through incineration of chlorocarbons, which has low production costs and helps curb pollution. Chlorocarbons are combusted at high temperatures, producing HCl and other gases that are separated

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    CLL703_Report 02_Group08.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The direct synthesis process produces HCl by reacting hydrogen and chlorine at high temperatures, generating large amounts of heat. This produces a 92% pure HCl gas that can be further purified through absorption. 2) Hydrochloric acid is commonly produced as a byproduct through chlorination reactions. The HCl gas produced is absorbed to form HCl acid or reused. Fractional distillation may be used to separate products from cracking reactions for purer HCl recovery. 3) HCl can be produced through incineration of chlorocarbons, which has low production costs and helps curb pollution. Chlorocarbons are combusted at high temperatures, producing HCl and other gases that are separated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views2 pages

    CLL703 - Report 02 - Group08 PDF

    Uploaded by

    akshay
    1) The direct synthesis process produces HCl by reacting hydrogen and chlorine at high temperatures, generating large amounts of heat. This produces a 92% pure HCl gas that can be further purified through absorption. 2) Hydrochloric acid is commonly produced as a byproduct through chlorination reactions. The HCl gas produced is absorbed to form HCl acid or reused. Fractional distillation may be used to separate products from cracking reactions for purer HCl recovery. 3) HCl can be produced through incineration of chlorocarbons, which has low production costs and helps curb pollution. Chlorocarbons are combusted at high temperatures, producing HCl and other gases that are separated

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    REPORT 02: LITERATURE SURVEY OF PROCESS DESIGNS

    DESIGN 01: DIRECT SYNTHESIS


    Almost 15% of total world production of HCl is through free chlorine and hydrogen. The gas formed after the
    Direct synthesis3. In this process, elemental H2 and Cl2 react reaction contains 92% HCl by volume. It is then passed
    directly to form HCl. through an absorbed which then gives a solution with
    30-32% acid. This type of acid is generally called burner
    ! 2 + Cl 2 HCl H = 184k J
    H grade HCl.4
    Since this reaction is very exothermic, large amount heat is
    generated inside the adiabatic reactor which raises the Generally, for small scale units, absorber and burner
    temperature of mixture to as high as 2490oC. Here the equal chamber are a part of same unit. Whereas, in large scale
    proportions of hydrogen and chlorine are mixed. At this production, they are separate units.Preferred material used
    temperature, 4.2% free chlorine is present. Then the feed during construction of burner is Silica. Also, HCl gas
    temperature is suddenly brought down to 200oC to convert produced through this method is very pure. It can even be
    used to make pure acid through absorption processes.

    !
    Figure 1: Direct synthesis of HCl from H2 and Cl2 (CW stands for cold water)

    DESIGN 02: RECOVERY BY ABSORPTION


    Production of large amounts of hydrochloric acid are treated in various ways. For a purer product, fractional
    integrated with formation of chlorinated products. This is distillation can be used, for e.g. products from cracking of
    the most widely used approach for HCl production. Formed dichloroethane may be liquified and distilled into vinyl
    HCl gas is either reused or absorbed resulting in HCl acid. chloride and HCl. HCl recovery can also be done through
    Example reactions include : aqueous absorption of HCl. When HCl acid is the primary
    product, water is used as absorption medium; else, if the
    RH + Cl2 RCl + HCl demand for HCl acid is low, 20% azeotropic HCl acid is
    used.
    C + 2H2O + 2Cl2 4HCl + CO2
    CHC is removed from concentrated HCl acid. The it is
    Production of vinyl chloride (chloroethylenes) from 1,2-
    passed through HCl desorption column to give HCl gas and
    dichloroethane is a major source of hydrogen chloride. azeotropic HCl acid.
    Hydrogen chloride produced through methods can be
    !
    Figure 2 Flow diagram showing recovery of HCl as a byproduct of chlorination in aqueous absorption (CHC: chlorinated
    hydrocarbons). a) HCl absorption column. b) chlorinated hydrocarbon stripping column. c) HCl desorption column

    DESIGN 03: INCINERATION OF WASTE ORGANICS


    Of the several existing process designs, we choose to present the production of hydrochloric acid by incineration of
    chlorocarbons owing to its idiosyncratic advantages viz. very cheap production costs5,6 and ability of the process to curb
    environmental pollution by utilising a malign class of compounds as its reactants.7

    Figure 3: A simplified block diagram of incineration process


    Combustion: Incineration or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons Separation: These gases are then separated by scrubbing in
    produce carbon dioxide and water. In case of chlorocarbons an absorption column. Water easily forms an azeotrope with
    additional chlorine based simple products are obtained. hydrochloric acid above 20% concentration. Although the
    Combustion of chlorocarbons takes place in a refractory- product gases are fully separated from the combustion
    lined furnace at a temperature of 1000-1200 oC. gases. The inlet to the absorption column is the outlet of
    the Sub X. All the liquid is transported using pumps and
    The high heat in the furnace ensures complete combustion fresh water is added from the top in a countercurrent
    at stoichiometric conditions. The exhaust gases are cooled fashion. The columns is divided into sections based on the
    down to a temperature less than 100 oC in a submerged concentration needed. The non soluble components from the
    exhaust (Sub X) which cools the gases down without using absorber include nitrogen carbon dioxide which do not
    a heat exchanger. Quenching reduces the temperature.10 dissolve appreciably in water at atmospheric conditions.
    The materials used in this construction must not corrode The recovery is enhanced by removing traces of hydrochloric
    and and must be able to resist high temperatures. acid and chlorine using an alkaline liquid for absorption.11

    3. HCl Synthesis: Improved overall performance with Micro Motion Zirconium 8. R. W. Bach, H. A. Friedrichs, H. Rau, High Temp. High Pressures 9 (1977)
    Density Fork http://www.emerson.com/documents/automation/66802.pdf 305 312.
    4. See reference 1 9. See reference 8
    5. Y.-R. Chin, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., private communication, 10. S. Ezaki, U.S. Pat 3,58 9,864, "Process for Recovering HCl From a Spent Organic-
    Chlorine Compound," June 2 9 ,1971.
    1994.
    11. See reference 5
    6. includes labor costs, variable costs, overhead, taxes, and depreciation
    7. See reference 1

    You might also like