Sistemas e Sinais (LEIC-Taguspark) (n) = u(n) u(n 1)

1 Formulas de Euler
x(t t0 )(t) = x(t0 )(t t0 )

e j + e j
cos() = t
2
Z
e j e j u(t) = ()d.
sin() =
2j

d
2 Exponenciais Complexas Discretas (t) = u(t)
dt

N1
1 se k = mN,
(
1 X j 2 kn
e N =
N n=0 0 no caso contrario. 5 Sistemas Lineares e Invariantes no
Tempo
3 Somatorios
+
X
N1
X 1 N x(n) = x(k)(n k)
n =
n=0
1 k=

X 1
n = , || < 1 +
1
X
n=0 y(n) = x(n) h(n) = x(k)h(n k)
k=

4 Sinais e Sistemas
Z +
Z +
y(t) = x(t) h(t) = x()h(t )d

E = 2
|x(t)| dt.

+
X n
E = |x(n)|2 .
X
s(n) = h(k)
n= k=
Z +T
1
P = lim |x(t)|2 dt.
T 2T T h(n) = s(n) s(n 1)
+N
1 X
P = lim |x(n)|2 .
N 2N + 1 Z t
n=N
s(t) = h()d

sinal periodico contnuo: x(t) = x(t + T ), T

sinal periodico discreto: x(n) = x(n + N), N + ds(t)
h(t) =
dt
x(t) = xe (t) + xo (t)

1 6 Serie de Fourier Contnua (CFS)

xe (t) = [x(t) + x (t)]
2
1
xo (t) = [x(t) x (t)]
2
+
X
x(t) = Xk e jk0 t
n k=
X Z
u(n) = (k) 1
Xk = x(t)e jk0 t dt
k= T T

1
 8 Transformada de Fourier de Sinais
x(t) Xk
Contnuos (CTFT)
CF S
y(t) Yk
CF S
Ax(t) + By(t) AXk + BYk Z +
CF S 1
x(t t0 ) Xk e jk0 t0 x(t) = X( j)e jt d
CF S
2
Z +
x(t)e jl0 t Xkl X() = x(t)e jt dt
CF S

x(t) Xk
CF S
x(t) Xk
CF S
+
X ax(t) + by(t) aX() + bY()
x(t)y(t) Xl Ykl CT F T
CF S
l= x(t t0 ) e jt0 X()
CT F T
x (t)
Xk x(t) X ()
CF S CT F T
x (t) Xk x(t) X() = X ()
CF S CT F T

1 Par(x(t)) Real(X())
CT F T
Real(x(t)) Xke = [Xk + Xk

] Impar(x(t)) jImag(X())
CF S 2 CT F T
1 dx(t)
jX()
jImag(x(t)) Xko = [Xk Xk

] dt CT F T
CF S 2 Rt
1
x()d 1
j X() + X(0)()
xe (t) = [x(t) + x (t)] Real(Xk ) CT F T
1
 
2 CF S x(at) |a| X a
CT F T
1
xo (t) = [x(t) x (t)] jImag(Xk ) x(t)
CT F T
X()
2 CF S
X(t) 2x()
CT F T
y(t) = h(t) x(t) Y() = H()X()
7 Serie de Fourier Discreta (DFS) CT F T
p(t) = x(t)y(t) P() = 1
2 [X() Y()]
CT F T

N1
X 2
x(n) = Xk e j N kn
k=0 (t) 1
N1 CT F T
1 X 2
Xk = x(n)e j N kn u(t)
1
+ ()
N n=0 CT F T j
(t t0 ) e jt0
CT F T
x(n) Xk 1
DF S e at
u(t), Re(a) > 0
y(n) Yk CT F T a + j
DF S
1
Ax(n) + By(n) AXk + BYk teat u(t), Re(a) > 0
DF S CT F T (a + j)2
j 2
N km
x(n m) Xk e
|| < c
(
DF S sin(c t) 1,
2 X() =
x(n)e j N nl Xkl t CT F T 0, || > c
DF S
x (n)
Xk |t| < T 1
(
1, 2 sin[T 1 ]
DF S x(t) =
x (n) Xk 0, |t| > T 1 CT F T
DF S
Real(x(n) Xke = 21 [Xk + Xk ] e j0 t 2( 0 )
DF S CT F T
jImag(x(n)) Xko = 21 [Xk Xk ] cos(0 t) [( 0 ) + ( + 0 )]
DF S CT F T
xe (n) = 12 [x(n) + x (n)] Real(Xk )
DF S sin(0 t) [( 0 ) ( + 0 )]
xo (n) = 1
2 [x(n)

x (n)] jImag(Xk ) CT F T j
DF S P 1 2()
x(n)y(n) l=<N> Xl Ykl CT F T
DF S

2
9 Transformada de Fourier de Sinais
Discretos (DTFT) (n) 1
DT F T

(n n0 ) e jn0
DT F T

X
1 2( + 2k)
DT F T
k=
= + jn
P
X() n= x(n)e 1
an u(n), |a| < 1
= 2
1
R
x(n) 2
X()e jn d DT F T 1 ae j

1 X
u(n) + ( + 2k)
DT F T 1 e j k=
1
(n + 1)an u(n), |a| < 1
DT F T (1 ae j )2
rn sen[ p (n + 1)] 1
u(n)
sen( p ) DT F T 1 2rcos( p )e j + r2 e j2
ax(n) + by(n) aX() + bY() 1, || < c
(
sen(c n)
DT F T X() =
n DT F T 0, c < ||
x(n n0 ) e jn0 X()
DT F T
sen[(M + 1)/2] jM/2
(
1, 0nM
e j0 n x(n) X( 0 ) x(n) = e
DT F T 0, caso contrario DT F T sen(/2)
x(n) X () X
DT F T e j0 n 2( 0 + 2k)
DT F T
x (n) X () k=
DT F T
x (n) X ()
X
cos(0 n + ) [e j ( 0 + 2k) +
DT F T DT F T
k=
Real(x(n)) Par(X())
DT F T e ( + 0 + 2k)]
j

jImag(x(n)) Impar(X())
DT F T
Par(x(n))
DT F T
Real(X()) 10 Amostragem
Impar(x(n)) jImag(X())
DT F T
X
x s (t) = xc (t)s(t) = xc (nT )(t nT )
n=
+
1 1 X
X s () = Xc () S () = Xc ( k s )
2 T k=
+
x(n) x(n 1) (1 e j )X()
X sin((t nT )/T )
xr (t) = xc (nT )
DT F T
n=
(t nT )/T
n
X 1
x(m) X() +
m=
DT F T 1 e j
+
X
+X(0) ( 2k)
k=
x(n) X()
DT F T

n = lM
(
x(n/M),
X(M)
0, n , lM DT F T

dX()
nx(n) j
DT F T d
y(n) = x(n) h(n) Y() = X()H()
DT F T
Z
1
y(n) = x(n)w(n) Y() = X()W( )d
DT F T 2 2