COSMO Suite
COSMO Suite
COSMO Suite
Workshop Goals
Input Data
Conclusions
2
Introduction - COSMO Suite
Mineral Value
Chain Model
Multiple Elements
Sim 1 Material Types
Geological Zones Sim 1 Sim 2
(boundaries, volumes)
4
Sim 2 Sim n Sim n
This Workshop A Copper Deposit
Input: Orebody Simulations (Cu)
Sim 1
Sim 2 Sim n
About 15 to 20 is a
reasonable number
(see support scale effects)
5
Input Data
Orebody Simulations Pit & Zones
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Getting Started
From the USB Key COPY Directory:
COSMO_Workshop_2017 to your drive c:\ (or Desktop)
Go To Directory .
C:\COSMO_Workshop_2017\COSMO Suite Installer
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Getting Started
1 Launch COSMO Suite from desktop
2 Create a new
project
Navigate to 3
C:\COSMO_Workshop_
2017\
4 Select Folder
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USING THE COSMO SUITE
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Loading Data Sets
Objectives:
1. Load all orebody simulations into COSMO Suite as a simulated
data set.
2. Load the geotechnical zones into COSMO Suite as a non-
simulated data set.
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Loading Data Sets
1 Select the data tab
3 Give it a name
4 Select simulated
5 Add simulations:
C:\...\Input Data\CuSim1.txt
C:\.... \Input Data\CuSim20.txt
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Loading Data Sets
7 Give it a name
8 Not simulated
9 Add file:
C:\......\Input Data\Zones.txt
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USING THE COSMO SUITE
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Modelling the Value Chain
Objectives:
9 Add period
range from
years 1-8
10 Press OK
16 Select the
18 Grid helper will do
Grid Helper
the heavy lifting 20
Modelling the Value Chain
Select Materials 19
21 Press go
Turn on the
Material Helper 20
22 Select materials:
(Un-) Check the relevant (additive) attributes:
23
(0: Waste)
Waste: Mass
(1: Mineralization)
Mineralization: Mass, CuTonnage
21
Both: De-select Material and Zone
Modelling the Value Chain
22
Modelling the Value Chain
23
Modelling the Value Chain
Send material from the mine to the processor
29 Show the materials by clicking the arrows
24
Modelling the Value Chain
Send material from the mine to the processor
Default attributes are
created to calculate
32
mass and total copper
tonnage received from
the mine
Attribute Connector:
Automatically define attributes
sent between locations.
Create/delete attributes at the
destination (ore processing)
with the +- buttons.
Links can be added/deleted
between existing. If linked, the
values will be added together
(i.e., CuTonnage from Mine 1 +
Accept the default
33 CuTonnage from Mine 2).
settings
25
Modelling the Value Chain
Send material from the mine to the waste dump
28
Modelling the Value Chain
40 Give the attribute a name (Profits) 41 Select the type of
attribute
(expression)
Hint: different
types of attributes
can help you create
advanced models.
31
Modelling the Value Chain
46 Select the Cu Mine root node (mine-level)
47 Create a new attribute
32
Modelling the Value Chain
48 Name the attribute
Mine-level attributes:
Add the values of attributes for all blocks mined in each period (e.g., to calculate the
total tonnage mined per year, we are adding the mass of all mineralized and waste
blocks extracted).
Can be used to track/limit quantities of specific types of materials extracted.
33
Modelling the Value Chain
Name the attribute
52 Mining Cost
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Configuring the Optimization Model
Objectives:
36
Configuring the Optimization Model
1 Select the optimization tab
3 Add a new
constraint to
the model
37
Configuring the Optimization Model
4 Select the
type of
constraint
5 Select the attribute that 6 Select where the left-hand 7 Enter the constraint
will be constrained attribute value must be , bound (applied
= or the right-hand value each year)
Types of constraints:
Bounds on attribute values: the value of an attribute is limited by another
numeric value (e.g., mine tonnage limited to 28.0 Mtpa).
Constraints on annual fluctuations: the amount that the value changes
between periods is constrained (e.g., changes in trucking hours must be 10%
per year to keep from wild fluctuations in staff). 38
Configuring the Optimization Model
Types of bounds:
Manual bounds are used when you want to enter values numerically (e.g.,
28.0 Mtpa mining capacity).
Attribute bounds are used when you want to limit one attributes value by
another (e.g., trucking hours is limited by the total number of hours available
after CAPEX decisions).
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Configuring the Optimization Model
Try it!
40
Configuring the Optimization Model
Time-dependent constraints:
If the value of a constraint should vary with time, we can click the clock to
manually set the capacity for each period.
Add/remove constraints on specific periods by right-clicking in the table. 41
Configuring the Optimization Model
Objectives:
1. Model value chain constraints
42
Configuring the Optimization Model
8 Select
Scheduling
Constraints
43
Configuring the Optimization Model
Types of scheduling constraints:
Slopes (hard, always enforced): define AZ/Dip directions for geotechnical zones.
Smoothness (soft, may be violated): penalize blocks within a smoothing radius that are
not mined in the same period.
Smoothness, layered deposits (soft, may be violated): same as previous smoothness,
but the smoothing radius is projected downwards onto the topography. This is for mines
that have significant hills or mountains.
Sink rate (soft, may be violated): penalize if an overlying block separated by specified
depth is mined in the same period.
Thin walls (soft, may be violated): penalize overlying blocks at a specified mining depth
(defined by a sink rate constraint) within the slope cone if they are mined in the same
period. This can be used to generate more push-back like pit designs. Recommended
only if combined with smoothness constraints.
Remarks:
Soft scheduling constraints must also be included in the objective function as a
penalty to have any impact on the sequence (we will see this later).
Using a large smoothing radius can substantially increase solver time. 44
Configuring the Optimization Model
Try it!
47
Configuring the Optimization Model
48
Configuring the Optimization Model
Objectives:
1. Model value chain constraints
2. Model scheduling constraints
50
Configuring the Optimization Model
24 25 26 27 28
Reduce mining Penalties are Economic Geo-Risk Multiplying
costs automatically set to discount discount factors (e.g.,
reduce (minimize) rates rates (x%) penalties per unit
(10%) of deviation)
1 1 +
max , ,, , ,, + , ,,
140% 1.8
SiO2:MgO
120%
sale 100%
1.7
1 1 +
max , ,, , ,, + , ,,
53
Configuring the Optimization Model
A Starting Point
Constraint Discount Rate Cost
55
Configuring the Optimization Model
56
Configuring the Optimization Model
Custom settings:
Defined for each type of decision
variable (sequence, destinations,
processing streams).
57
Configuring the Optimization Model
Review of Cluster Destination Policies (Example)
Plotting the Cu/Au grades for each
Simulation 1 block in all scenarios
Au (gpt) Simulation #1 & 2
All Simulations
Cu (%)
Gold (ppm)
Simulation 2
Au (gpt)
Cu (%)
Copper (%)
58
Configuring the Optimization Model
Review of Cluster Destination Policies (Example)
Create clusters of similar grades and
Simulation 1 decide where to send the clusters
Au (gpt) Simulation #1 & 2
All Simulations
Cu (%) Mill
Gold (ppm)
Stockpile 1
Simulation 2
Au (gpt) Stockpile 2
Waste
Cu (%)
Copper (%)
59
Configuring the Optimization Model
31 Set up the clusters for the waste 32 Set up the clusters for the
material mineralized material
Why these settings?
Waste only needs one cluster because it can only go to one destination.
Mineralized material has more to discretize the distribution of copper tonnages
so more granular decisions can be made.
Caution: more clusters is not always better for stochastic models (sensitive). 60
Configuring the Optimization Model
33 34 35
Select extraction Let the optimizer Keep all default settings:
sequence choose the final pit optimize sequence, new
decision variable. size (rather than decisions (dont load from a
forcing it to mine file)
all blocks)
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USING COSMO SUITE
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Configuring the Optimization Model
Set up the
27
annealing
26 parameters
Select the
Solver tab 28 Press Play
63
Configuring the Optimization Model
64
Configuring the Optimization Model
Current annealing
temperature (prob. of
accepting sub-optimal
perturbations)
29 Show/hide annealing
temperature
Show/hide algorithm
performance (developers)
Save performance data
66
USING COSMO SUITE
1. Getting started
2. Loading data sets
3. Modelling the value chain
4. Configuring the optimization model
5. Optimizing
6. Risk analysis and visualization
Risk Analysis & Visualization
68
Risk Analysis & Visualization
Select Axes
3
Select the X or Y Axis
4
Customize axis titles,
5
min/max values,
increments
69
Risk Analysis & Visualization
6 Select visualizer
70
Risk Analysis & Visualization
Un-mined blocks:
If unmined blocks appear in the schedule, filter
the blocks with the code 9999 by applying a
filter for periods 1-8.
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Conclusions & Future Work
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