INSTRUCTIONS

MAINTENANCE FOR
POWER TRANSFORMER

AddressNo. 23, Chung-Hwa Rd., Huko Hsiang, Hsinchu, Taiwan 303, R.O.C.
URLhttp://www.seec.com.tw TEL+886-3-598-1921 FAX+886-3-597-6373

TD-TSP-0004-2A (1/19)
1. FOREWORD

Power transformers are getting larger in their capacity to meet increasing power demand. So emergency
or unexpected power demand due to transformer trouble cause much loss of production as well as
inconvenience.

Therefore it is essential to assure trouble-free performance by a well-planned maintenance program.

Daily or periodical inspections will result in detecting abnormal conditions of a transformer and parts
before they cause any more serious troubles. A regular program of inspection should be established and
rigidly carried out for preventive maintenance of power transformers.

This instruction book describes inspection and maintenance methods to keep transformers in good
condition. As for construction, functions and handling of accessories, the corresponding instruction book
should be referred to for more detailed information.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

2.1 General

(1) The inspection items are classified into three categories in this instruction book.

(a) Routine inspection items (Table 1)

The routine inspection should be made, preferably daily, on every transformer in service.
Especially oil leak, oil temperature and/or winding temperature, load current, ambient
temperature and oil level in transformer should be daily checked and recorded.

(b) Periodical inspection items (Table 2)

The periodical inspection should be made each item, at least once every six months to once
every three years in order to ascertain the good performance of a transformer and its parts. Most
of the periodical inspections should be made in detail when the transformer is de-energized.

(c) Additional inspection items (Table 3)

Some additional inspections or measurements of electrical characteristics of a transformer are

recommended as preventive maintenance actions and when any transformer trouble should be
investigated thoroughly.

(2) Repainting of radiators and transformer tanks, and exchange of parts, gaskets and bearings of motors
should be planned and prepared previously for preventive maintenance, which will result in
continuous good performance of transformers. (Refer to Table 4)

TD-TSP-0004-2A (2/19)
 (3) If any protective relays give alarm, investigate the trouble causes according to Table 5 and Table 6.
It is essential in investigating the right causes to check whether differential relay, overcurrent relay
and/or ground fault relay have operated or not, in combination with other relays such as Buchholz
relay, sudden pressure relay and pressure relief device, which have physically operating
mechanisms.

(4) Transformer should be inspected internally whenever they have been subjected to unusually severe
operating conditions such as overloads and frequent short-circuits of outer bus or transmission line.

(5) Any symptoms such as unusual noises, high or low oil levels, rupturing of bursting plate, etc., should
be investigated thoroughly.

2.2 Inspection records

(1) The establishment of the report and recording of the condition and repair of the transformers is
required for a good maintenance program.

(2) A preventive maintenance system will operate satisfactorily with the following records.

(a) An equipment record

This may be simply a card, which contains the basic information of a transformer itself such as
the serial number, the location, size, etc.

(b) A repair record card

This may keep a running record as to costs of maintaining a transformer. It is the essential
diagnostic record for avoiding future difficulties.

(c)An inspection check list or inspectors record

This may be simply a listing of the points to be checked on a transformer and the establishment
of the time that these checks should be made.

(3) Without these records it would be very difficult for a preventive maintenance program to work,
because the knowledge gained form regular inspections would be quickly lost.

2.3 Actions for safety

Always inspection and maintenance works are to be done very carefully so that their schedule should
be planned in detail in view of safekeeping of human life and equipment according to APPENDIX I.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (3/19)
3. INSPECTION
3.1 Routine inspection

At least item 1 should be checked daily and recorded.

Table 1

No. Items Method Action

1 Oil temperature Read indications of dial and/or Check if indication of a thermometer
and winding alcohol thermometers, and winding is correct or not.
temperature thermal relays, if provided. If the temperature is not correct,
Compare them with the data exchange with a new one.
previously obtained. If oil temperature is too high due to
When oil and/or winding dust and other foreign materials on
temperature the finned area of radiators or the
are much higher or lower inner surface of cooling water tube
considering load current and (In case of water cooler type) clean
ambient temperature, up them.
Thermometers should be inspected. If indication of thermometer is not
correct, check oil level in the sensor
Load current Load current and ambient pocket and adjust to correct the
Ambient temperature should be recorded at level.
temperature the same time.
2(1) Oil level Read indication of the dial oil level When the indicated oil level is
See note. gauge on the conservator with a constant with the changing oil
telescope. temperature, inspect the dial gauge
Compare it with the oil level-oil and check the actual oil level.
temperature curve for the If the oil level is abnormal, adjust it
transformer. Oil level is deemed to according to instructions.
be normal when its difference is If the oil level shows low, in case of
within one graduation of the gauge rubber bag or diaphragm type,
on the curve. damage of rubber bag or diaphragm
is suspected.
(2) in bushing Check the oil level and oil leakage If oil level of OLTC is abnormal,
on all oil-filled bushings. breaking of seal between OLTC and
transformer is suspected.
3 Oil leaks Check oil leaks visually from If oil leaks are due to gasket, tighten
radiators flanges, pipes, bolts or exchange gasket.
transformer tank and so on. In case of oil leaks from welded
parts, apply adhesive material or
weld again on the leaking part.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (4/19)
 No. Items Method Action
4 Abnormal noise Abnormal or unusual noise, When oil pump or fan motor is
and vibration especially from oil pump motors and getting noisier, exchange the
fan motors, should be carefully bearings with new ones.
listened to.
Abnormal vibration can be checked When any supporters, pipes and
comparatively easily by hand. other parts are vibrating due to loose
bolts, tighten them.
5 Silica gel breather Check the breathing action in oil pot If the breathing action is not
and discoloration of silica gel satisfactory, check choking such as
visually. Check the color of oil in oil filter in oil pot.
pot. If the color of silica gel became to
pink from blue (or became to dark
green from orange) from upper side
check air leaks and fix it up.
If the oil color in oil pot blackened,
replace with new oil.
6 Gas trapped in Check whether any gas trapped in If any gas trapped in the relay, the
buchholz relay buchholz relay with telescope. transformer should be stopped for
investigation including accumulated
gas analysis.
7(1) Appearance Check any looseness of bolt When any loose bolts are found,
Bolt connection connection visually. tighten them.
(2) Discoloration Check visually that all connections When any connections show signs
are normal without any of having been hot, clean and tighten
discoloration due to local heating. bolts and nuts.
(3) Dust Inspect visually for dust, especially Clean up dust if it may reduce
on radiators. cooling capacity of radiators.
(4) Rust Inspect visually for rust, especially Re-painting is recommendable once
on radiators. every five years.
Anti-rust and final paint should be
applied after rubbing off rust and old
paint.
(5) Dew Inspect visually for dew in the If any dew is found, dry it out, and
terminal box, control cabinets and ensure space heaters are in use if
protective relays. they are provided.

NoteIn case of a self-cooled transformer, there is some difference between top and average oil
temperatures depending on loading conditions and ambient temperature. Strictly speaking, the
average oil temperature should be referred to for checking oil level.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (5/19)
3.2 Periodical inspection
The recommended inspection frequency is described in parenthesis under each inspection item.

Table 2

No. Items Method Action

1 Breather silica gel Check the discoloration of silica gel in If the color of silica gel has turned to
(Once every six breather due to moisture in breathed pink from blue (or turned to dark
months) air. green from orange) by more than
two thirds of total quantity, dry out or
exchange it.
If the color of silica gel has turned to
pink by more than two thirds of total
quantity, dry out or exchange it.
2(1) Insulation oil Measure dielectric strength with an oil If any measured values are not
Dielectric strength tester and confirm it is more than 40 satisfactory, filtering and/or
(Every one year) kV/2.5 mm gap. degassing of insulating oil are
recommended. The permissible
value of OLTC oil shows in Table
(2) 4-b.
Moisture content in Measure moisture content in oil with (Criteria of Transformer oil)
oil Automatic Coulometric Karl-Fischer TR. Voltage 69kV > 69kV~230kV

(Every one year) Titration method and confirm that it is M. Content 35 ppm 25 ppm

(3) satisfactory to the criteria. Criteria of

TR. Voltage > 345 kV
OLTC oil is show in Table 4-b.
M. Content 20 ppm

Acid value Measure acid value and judge it with

(Every one year) the criteria of Table 7.
3 Fan motors and/or (1) Measure insulation resistance of If insulation resistance is less than
oil pump motors fan motors and/or oil pump motors 2M, check balancing of load
(At least once every with a 500V megger. currents of three phase and dry out
two years) the interior of fan motors.

(2) Check if temperature rise of oil If it is more than 10 deg. C, check its
pump motors cases, based on oil insulation resistance, winding
temperature, is less than 10 deg. C. resistance and three phase
balancing of load current.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (6/19)
 No. Items Method Action
4 In case ofCooler (1) Analyze the characteristics of If any characteristics are not
of water-cooled cooling water as shown in Table 8. satisfactory according to the criteria
type (2) Check scale deposit on the inside shown in Table 8, shorten inspection
(At least once every of the cooling tube to reduce the interval of coolers. If any heavy
two years) water flow required, resulting in scale is found on the inside of the
excessive heating of a transformer cooling tubes, clean them up.
at normal load.
5 Control panel and (1) Check the water-tightness of a If the rubber gasket is worn out,
terminal box and control cabinet and a terminal box. exchange it with a new one.
cables. (Once (2) Ascertain the tightness of all Tighten the loose bolts.
every one year) control wiring connections.
(3) Operate all switches, annunciators If any part maloperates, adjust or
and lamps to observe proper exchange them with new one.
functions according to schematic
diagrams.
(4) Measure insulation resistance of If such defect is found, put tape on it
cable with 500V megger. or exchange it with new one.
Check any crack or abrading on
cable insulation.
6 Protective relays (1) oil temperature indicator (2) winding temperature indicator
(Once every two (3) dial oil gauge (4) oil flow indicator
years) (5) Buchholz relay (6) gas detector
( (7) sudden pressure relay (8) differential pressure relay for oil/water
cooler
(9) pressure relief device (10) leak detector

(1)
Insulation Measure insulation resistance of When the insulation resistance is
resistance protective relays including their less than 2M, check dews in the
(Once every two wirings with a 500V megger. terminal box.
(2)
years)
Operation Operation tests should be made only The cause of a maloperation should
when protective relays operated even be investigated by operation tests
if no troubles of a transformer according to instruction books for
occurred. protective relays.
7 Connections All connections outside of a Any connection that shows signs of
(Occasionally) transformer should be inspected to having been hot should be
see whether they are in good thoroughly cleaned and bolted
conditions without any discoloration, together tightly.
which indicates hot connection.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (7/19)
3.3 Additional inspection

The following inspections and measurements are recommended for a preventive maintenance and in
investigating a transformer trouble.
For preventive maintenance, items 1 and 2 are recommended.
If a transformer was failed, all items (1 to 7) are recommended for the investigation on that particular
occasion.

Table 3

No. Items Method Action or remarks

1 Insulation oil After a transformer is put into service, When the quantities of combustible
Analysis of gas a periodic analysis of gas dissolved gases are obtained, evaluations
in oil is recommended at least every can be made to a probable location
dissolved in oil
six months. and type of trouble, which may be
Using an appropriate airtight present in a transformer.
container, oil should be taken from (Refer to Table 10.)
the transformer. The dissolved gas
should be extracted from the oil and
analyzed.
2 Insulation resistance of Measure the insulation resistance The insulation resistance is subject
transformer windings between a pair of windings, and to wide variation with temperature,
between each winding and ground humidity and cleanness of bushing
with a 1,000 or 2,000 volt megger at porcelains.
a periodical inspection. It may be low due to the leakage
The megger test should be made to current through the weakest point
check if the transformer is in suitable of inferior insulation, in which case
condition for operation or application gases dissolved in oil should be
of the dielectric test. Refer to Fig. 1. analyzed.
3 Ratio test Measure the ratio of a transformer by Compare the test results with those
two voltmeter methods or with a ratio in the test report.
tester. If it is difficult to measure because
If the transformer has taps, the turn of fluctuation of voltmeter pointer or
ratio should be measured for all taps because of unbalance of a bridge
as well as for the full winding. circuit, more detailed investigation
The test voltage may be between 100 should be made.
and 200V at the rated frequency.
4 Winding resistance Measure the winding resistance by If the winding resistance, corrected
bridge method or by drop-of-potential to a specified temperature, is
method. If oil pumps are provided, different from the data obtained
they should be operated during previously, more detailed
measuring winding resistance. The investigation should be made.
oil temperature should be also
recorded at the same time.
In case of low voltage and large
capacity delta winding (Ex. generator
transformer), there is a very difficulty
to measure the winding resistance
precisely and needs to pay careful
consideration for judgment.
5 Excitation current at low Measure the excitation current at low If the measured excitation current is
voltage voltage (100-200 volts) applied on much larger than the original data
the lower voltage winding with other at installation, more detailed
windings being open-circuited. investigation should be made.
The voltage wave shape should be Note (2)
sinusoidal.
Note (1)

TD-TSP-0004-2A (8/19)
 No. Items Method Action or remarks
6 Impedance voltage Measure the impedance voltage at If the measured impedance voltage
low current (5-10 amperes) applied is much different from the original
on the higher voltage winding with data at installation, more detailed
lower voltage winding being investigation should be made.
short-circuited.
Note (3)
7 Bushing current Excitation current and winding Same as above 4 and 5.
transformer resistance should be measured in the
same way as items 4 and 5.

Note(1) The ammeter should be connected inside of voltmeter as shown below to avoid error due to high
impedance measurement.

(2) If the measured values satisfy an expression below, the transformer may not get serious injury such as
layer shorting.

VM/IM
10
VR/IR

IRRated current
IMMeasured current
VRRated voltage
VMMeasured voltage

2
(3) The shorting cable should be more than 100mm in its section and be as shorter as possible in its length,
to avoid measuring error.

Shorting cable

TR

(4) If those characteristic values from the item 2 to 6 are abnormally different compared the data with
original data, it is recommended to carry out an internal inspection. In this case, you are kindly
requested to tell us the information as APPENDIX II.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (9/19)
4. MAINTENANCE

Maintenance of parts and materials should be planned according to the following Table 4-a.

Table 4-a

No. Material and parts Maintenance frequency Remarks

1 Grease of fan motors Grease them up once a year, with Refer to item No.6. It is no
the grease gun. necessary when a bearing is sealed
type.
2 Porcelain insulator such Cleaning should be done According to insulation book
as bushing, lightning periodically.
arrester, supporting Interval depends on actual
insulator circumstance condition at site.
3 Cooler Recommended cleaning frequency With compressed air and/or water.
(1) Radiator type is once every two years.

(2) Forced air type Dust and other foreign materials,

accumulated on the finned area,
should be blown out to maintain the
efficiency of the cooler.
(3) Water cooled type Internal compartment check and
cleaning should be done once every
two years.
4 Paint for transformer Repainting should be done once
external tank every five years.
5 Bursting plate of Bursting plate is recommended to be
transformer replaced once every five years.
6 Bearing of fan motors Expected life is ten years. Exchange with new ones, if a motor
and oil pump motors Expected life is three years, when becomes noisy due to broken
bearing is sealed type. (only fan bearings.
motors)
7 (1) Gasket Expected life is ten years. Exchange with new gaskets, if oil
(Cork-neoprene) leaks from gasket are serious.
(2) Thermometer
(Oil, winding)
(3) Pressure relay
(Water, nitrogen,
sudden pressure relay,
water/oil differential
pressure relay)
(4) Rubber bag or Expected life is 15 years. If any damage of rubber bag or
diaphragm in diaphragm is suspected, exchange
conservator with new one.
8 De-energized tap Operate de-energized tap changer Internal inspection is
changer more than once a year when the recommendable before operation of
transformer is out of service the de-energized tap changer, if the
de-energized tap changer is not
operated more than one year.

Note: As for maintenance of on-load tap changers, please refer to the corresponding insulation books.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (10/19)
OLTC diverter oil should be maintained according to Table 4-b.

Table 4-b

Permissible value
Location of on-load tap changer
Breakdown voltage Water content

Installed to line side

40 kV/2.5 mm gap 30 ppm
including delta winding

Installed to neutral side 30 kV/2.5 mm gap 40 ppm

TD-TSP-0004-2A (11/19)
5. TROUBLE SHOOTING

5.1 Diagnosis of protective relays in operation

If any protective relay gives an alarm, investigate its causes according to the following Table 5.

Table 5

No Relay Function Cause and Action

1 Dial type thermometer The dial type thermometer indicates 1.Overloading
the top oil temperature and highest 2. Insufficient efficiency of cooler
oil temperature experienced. It gives units due to dust and other
an alarm when oil temperature gets foreign materials accumulated
to the alarm setting (80 for on the finned area or due to a
example). heavy scale in the water-cooling
coils.
2 Thermal relay for oil The thermal relay detects and
3. Maloperation of thermometer or
temperature or winding indicates maximum oil or winding
thermal relay due to their own
temperature temperature of a transformer.
defects.
It also has protective functions to
4. If indication of thermometer is
give an alarm or tripping signal, and
not correct, check oil level in the
automatic functions to control
sensor pocket and adjust to
cooling system.
correct oil level.

3 Oil flow indicator The magnetic oil flow indicator 1.Trouble of oil pump motor
checks the operating condition of an 2.Trouble of wiring connection to
oil pump motor
oil pump. When an oil pump stops,
3. Radiator valves are shut off.
the pointer returns to the stop 4. Inverse of power phase
position and the micro-switch sequence.

contact closes to give an alarm.

4 Oil level gauge-dial type The dial type oil level gauge 1.Shortage of oil
indicates the oil level in a 2.Abnormally low ambient
temperature in winter season
conservator of an oil-immersed
3.Oil leakage
transformer. 4. Damage of rubber bag or
diaphragm in conservator.
When the oil level comes down to
5. If oil level of OLTC is abnormal,
the bottom of a conservator, its breaking of seal between the
pointer indicates zero and give an OLTC and transformer is
suspected.
alarm.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (12/19)
5.2 Relay function

If any protective relay operates, investigate the cause of a trouble according to the following relays
functions.
First of all, dissolved gas analysis is recommended immediately for the diagnosis of the transformer.

Table 6

No Relay Function and investigation

1 Buchholz relay The first stage of a Buchholz relay detects the gas formation due to minor
(1) First stage troubles in transformer tank.
Rubber bag or diaphragm type conservator;
Stop operation of the transformer immediately, and carry out gas analysis
of accumulated gas and dissolved gas in oil and internal inspection of the
transformer because a local heating and/or arc discharge is suspected.
Breather type and/or nitrogen gas sealed type conservator;
Check if abnormal gas are exist or not by gas analysis of the transformer
gas and dissolved gas in oil.
As the result, if abnormal gas are detected, stop operation of the
transformer and carry out of internal inspection.
The type and location of trouble may be predicted by gas analyses of oil.
Note: Nitrogen gas dissolved in oil could supersaturate and accumulate in
the relay and actuate the relay when oil-temperature drops rapidly
on a cold day in case of a gas-sealed transformer.
(2)Second stage The second stage of a Buchholz relay detects the rushing oil due to a
serious trouble in the transformer tank.
If other protective relays, such as over-current relay of differential relay
operate at the same time, a serious internal damage is suspected.
2 Sudden oil pressure The sudden oil pressure relay detects the high rate of oil pressure
relay increase in a transformer tank due to the gas generation and oil vapour
caused by serious troubles. In case of correct operation, the transformer
operation should be stopped.
3 Sudden pressure relay [In case of nitrogen sealed conservator]
The sudden pressure relay detects the high rate of nitrogen pressure
increase in a tank due to the gas generation and oil vapour caused by
serious troubles in the transformer tank.
4 Pressure relief device The pressure relief device operates when the pressure in the relief vent
rises abnormally high enough to reach the pressure of approximately
0.7kg/cm2 caused by serious failure in a transformer.
It also operates when the pipe of air breather is choked so as to increase
the pressure in the relief vent.
6 OLTC protective relay OLTC protective relay detects some faults in diverter of on-load tap
changer.

Check the following items;

1.Fault of diverter insert
2.Fault of whole of OLTC
Malfunction of OLTC relay due to normal deterioration.
7 Differential relay The differential relay detects the difference between the input current and
the output current of a transformer converted by a current transformer.
It also operates sometimes with the inrush current when a transformer is
excited.
8 Over current relay and These relays detect faults in the electrical system including transformers.
ground fault relay

TD-TSP-0004-2A (13/19)
Fig1. Allowable value of transformer insulation resistance

1200

1000

800

600
good
400

300
System voltage more than 6kV
200
Systme voltage more than 11kV
Systme voltage more than 22kV
150 Systme voltage more than 66kV
Insulation resistance (Meg ohms)

100

80

60

40
poor
30

20

15

10

2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Transformer oil temperature (C)

TD-TSP-0004-2A (14/19)
Fig2. Relation between dielectric strength and amount of water in insulating oil

50
2.5mm gap/12.5mm sphere

40
Dielectric strength (kV)

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Water-parts per million by weight (PPM)

Table 7. Acid value criteria

No Acid value (mg KOH/g) Action

1 Less than 0.2 Good
2 From 0.2 to 0.4 Filter or exchange in earlier stage
3 More than 0.4 with new oil. immediately

Table 8. Criteria of cooling water characteristics

No Test item Criteria

1 Hydrogen ion concentration (PH) 6.0 8.0 at 25C
2 Electrical conductivity Less than 500 (/cm) at 25C

3 Chlorine ion (C1 ) Less than 100 ppm
4 Total hardness (CaCO3) Less than 150 ppm

5 Sulfuric acid ion (SO4 ) Less than 200 ppm
6 M-Alkalinity (CaCO3) 15 60 ppm

7 Sulfur ion (S ) undetectable
+
8 Ammonium ion (NH4 ) undetectable
+++
9 Total iron ion (Fe ) Less than 0.5 ppm
10 Silica (SiO2) Less than 30 ppm

Table 9-aResistivity criteria of insulation oil, at 80

TD-TSP-0004-2A (15/19)
RemarksNew oil should be used added oil.

No Transformer voltage Resistivity (.cm) Judgment Action

13
400 kV 1E Periodical analysis every
1 good
400 kV 5E
12 one year.

400 kV 1E5E Exchange to new oil is

2 Precaution
400 kV
12
5E 1E
11 recommendable.
12
400 kV 5E
3 11
Poor Exchange to new oil
400 kV 1E

Table 9-bPower factor criteria of insulation oil, at 80

No Transformer voltage Power factor (%) Judgment Action

400 kV 0.5 Periodical analysis every
1 good
400 kV 1.0 one year.

400 kV 0.51.5 Exchange to new oil is

2 Precaution
400 kV 13 recommendable.

400 kV 1.5
3 Poor Exchange to new oil
400 kV 3

Table 10 Combustible gas and type of fault with dissolved gas analysis of insulating oil

No Decomposed gases Type of fault

1 H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8 Local heating in the oil

CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, Local heating in the oil impregnated solid
2
C3H8 insulation.

Discharge in the oil

3 H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H6

Discharge in the oil impregnated solid insulation.

4 CO, CO2, H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C3H6

NoteUnderline means a significant gas.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (16/19)
Table11. Combustible gas levels for maintenance

The level needed a

Gases Permissible levels
follow-up survey
C2H2 0.5ppm 5ppm
H2 400ppm

It should be evaluated by necessary and sufficient

conditions with the following two items.
C2H4 100ppm
C2H4more than 100ppm

TCGmore than 700ppm

It should be evaluated by necessary and sufficient

conditions with the following two items.

COmore than 300ppm

CO 300ppm
Ratio of CO2/CO

Normal ratio is more than 3

Abnormal ratio is less than 3

It should be evaluated by necessary and sufficient

conditions with the following three items.
TCG
700ppm Increasing rage70ppm/month of TCG
(Total Combustible Gas)
C2H4100ppm

TCG700ppm

APPENDIX I Actions for safety and quality

TD-TSP-0004-2A (17/19)
 Table 11

No Working condition Actions for safety

1 Exterior check (1) Be careful not to approach live parts.

2 Electrical test and (1) De-energize the transformer by circuit breakers and line switches.
remedial work (2) Ground the line terminals of the transformer.

(3) Attach caution tags not to operate switches for circuit breakers and line
switches. See note.

(4) De-energize the control cabinets for coolers and tap changer by AC and DC
switches.

(5) Attach caution tags on switch boxes.

3 When internal Same as above except the following additional items.

inspection is to be (1) Replace nitrogen gas completely with dry fresh air, if it was filled in the
made transformer.

(2) Make sure there is 18% or more oxygen to sustain life in a transformer
tank.

(3) Make sure your pockets are empty.

(4) Take off a wrist watch and any other accessories on your body.

(5) List up name and quantity of all tools to be brought into a transformer
tank.

(6) Spread out clean cloth on coil groups when repairing.

(7) Protect lamps with guards not to break them in a tank.

(8) Be careful not to drop any tool and foreign material into the transformer.
Secure all tools with hand lines. Any metallic item dropped into a
transformer must be removed to prevent serious trouble in future.

4 After inspection (1) Make sure all foreign materials are clear before closing manhole and
work energizing.

(2) Check the quantity of all tools brought out from a tank.

(3) Remove the grounding wires on the line terminals of the transformer.

NoteWhen test and remedial work must be carried out under the live conditions for any special reasons, pay
attention to live parts to protect yourself against electrical shock.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (18/19)
 APPENDIX II Technical information to be sent to the manufacturer

Whenever you need technical advice for any troubles of parts and/or a transformer itself from Shihlin Electric
Corporation, you are kindly requested to let us know the following technical information.

(1) Name of the power station or sub-station where the transformer is in service
(2) Serial number and ratings of the transformer in trouble
(3) Name, type and serial number of the parts in trouble
(4) Detailed explanation in case of more severe troubles
a. Duration and amperes of over current
b. Overvoltage and/or surge applied on the transformer
c. Protective relays in operation
d. Load conditions (voltage, current and power factor)
e. Copies of p/s or s/s layout drawings which show location of the transformer and other electrical
equipment such as circuit-breakers, lightning arresters and line switches
f. Copies of skeleton sequence drawings for control panels
(5) Any other information available about the trouble

Your quick and detailed information is being expected, which would result in quick and more appropriate
actions for its recovery.

TD-TSP-0004-2A (19/19)