Equipment for Engineering Education

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HM150.13 Methods of Flow
Measurement

G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH

P.O. Box 1125
D-22881 Barsbttel Germany
Phone (040) 670854-0
Fax (040) 670854-42
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus
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Instruction Manual

Publication No.: 917.00013A15012 12/95

 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

Table of Contents
1 Technical Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Pressure measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.1 6-tube manometer panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.2 Measuring differential pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Measuring absolute pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 Connecting and operating the manometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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3 Flow measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 Variable-area flowmeter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.2 Nozzle and Orifice plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3 Venturi meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

1 Technical Description

The apparatus is designed to demonstrate three

basic types of flow meter.
The apparatus enables the following instruction
capabilities:
- Comparision of different flow meter types
- Study of flow and pressure measurement me-
thods
- Determining the meter coefficient
1 - Calibration of flow meters
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9 1 Panal with stand

2 Multi-tube manometer
5 3 Venturi meter
4 Orifice plate
5 Variable area meter
6 Flow control
2
6 7 Water inlet
8 Water drain
3 9 Pressure tapping
4

7
The test section consists of a Venturi meter (3), an
orifice plate (4) and a variable area meter (5). A flow
control valve (6) permits variation of the flow rate.
Pressure tappings enable measurement of the
head losses of each flow meter. The tappings are

1 Technical Description 2
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

connected via hoses to a multi-tube manometer

bank (2). The manometer panel incorporates a
manifold with an air bleed valve.
Flow can be measured by using the volumetric
measuring tank of the Hydraulics Bench HM150.
For visible function the Venturi meter and the
orifice device are made of perspex.
All components of the unit are assembled on an
instrumentation panel (1) with stand.
The unit is suited to be placed on the top of the HM
150 Hydraulics Bench in order to make use of the
water supply and volumetric measurement facili-
ties of the bench.
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1 Technical Description 3
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

2 Pressure measurement

2.1 6-tube manometer panel

Vent valve The 6-tube manometer panel consists of 6 glass

level tubes with a mm scale behind them.
- The measuring range is 300 mm of water
- All level tubes are connected to one another at
level tubes the top and have a common vent valve.
- Differential pressure is measured with the vent
valve closed, and absolute pressure with the
vent valve open.
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Connection for meas-

Drain valve urement lines

2.2 Measuring differential pressure

For this purpose, the vent valve is closed. A cushion

of air with pressure pL is created above the two
columns of water. This produces the following
equation for the pressures to be measured, p1
Air cushion
and p2
pL
p1 = pL + h1 g ,

p2 = pL + h2 g .
h
h1
The differential pressure is then

h2 p = p1 p2 = pL + h1 g pL h2 g.

p1 p2
The pressure pL is extracted, producing

p = h g with h = h1 h2 .

2 Pressure measurement 4
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

The zero point for differential pressure measure-

ment can be set via the pressure pL.
For a maximum measuring span, it is expedient to
h1 + h2
position the zero point or mid-point 2
at the
hmax
centre of the measuring scale 2

h1 + h2 hmax p1 pL + p2 pL
= 2 = .
2 2g

This produces the following equation for the pres-

sure of the air cushion

p1 + p2 hmax g
pL =
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.
2

The pressure is set via the vent valve.

2.3 Measuring absolute pressure

For measuring absolute pressure, the vent valve

is kept open and the pressure pL refers to the
Air pressure atmospheric air pressure p0.
p0
In this case, it is also necessary to consider the
height hm between the measuring point and the
zero point of the manometer
h
pabs = p0 + ( h + hm ) g .

hm

pabs

2 Pressure measurement 5
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

2.4 Connecting and operating the manometer

- Connect measurement lines

- Open all valves at pipe section and 6-tube
manometer, let the water flow for 1 minute
- Close flow control valve
- Close drain valve of the 6-tube manometer to
vent the measurement lines
- Close vent valve of the 6-tube manometer
- Close water inlet
- Disconnect measuremet lines
- Open vent and drain valve to discharge level
tubes of the 6-tube manometer
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- Close vent and drain valves

- Open flow control valve slowly
- Connect measurement lines again
- Open water inlet slowly
- Adjust the heights of the water in the manome-
ter tubes with the help of flow control valve until
water becomes visible
- Set the flow rate and the measuring scale with
the inlet and outlet control valves

2 Pressure measurement 6
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

3 Flow measurement

3.1 Variable-area flowmeter

A variable-area flowmeter with the following char-

acteristics is used to measure flow rate.
- Plastic measuring tube
- Interchangeable stainless steel float
h
- Interchangeable percentual scale
- Max. flow rate 1600 l/h
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The flow rate can be read from the upper edge of

Read the conical attachment.
here
Air bubbles or dirt particles on the float may affect
measurement precision.
Float To flush them out, operate the test stand at maxi-
mum flow rate first. To do so, open all cocks fully.
3.2 Nozzle and Orifice plate

The orifice plate housing is made of transparent

plastic allowing visible functioning of the orifice
plate. The flow causes a pressure loss between
inlet and outlet. Two tappings allow measurement
Nozzle
of inlet and outlet pressurs.This differential pres-
sure p is proportional to the flow.

. 2 p
V = Ad
=kp


p

litre
with the constant k = 231 for Nozzle
h
mbar
litre
and k = 293 for Orifice
h

mbar

3 Flow measurement 7
 HM150.13 Flowmeter Demonstration
Apparatus

3.3 Venturi meter

The Venturi housing is made of transparent plastic

allowing visible functioning of the Venturi.
The pressure in the Venturi is inversly proportio-
nal to the velocity in the Venturi according to
Bernoullis Law.
Two tappings allow measurement of the inlet
pressure and the pressure at the smallest
p
area.This differential pressure p is proportional
to the flow.

. 2 p
V = Ad
=kp


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litre
with k = 240 .
h

mbar

4 Technical Data

Water multi-tube manometer,

6-fold: 300 mm H2O

Venturi meter:
nom. diameter: 28.4 mm
min. diameter: 14.0 mm

Nozzle and Orifice meter:

nom. diameter: 28.4 mm
Nozzle diameter: 18.5 mm
Orifice diameter: 14.0 mm

Variable area meter: 1600 ltr/h

Overall dimension
(L x W x H): 1100 x 640 x 870 mm
Weight: 40 kg

4 Technical Data 8