SPE28749 Arun PDF
SPE28749 Arun PDF
SPE28749 Arun PDF
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I Sodetyof PstrobumErl@wsrs
SPE 28749
ABSTRACT
apply for two phase conditionsof a gas condensate well,
several semi-analytical and numerical methods were
The Arun field is one of the worlds giant retrograde gas
developed. Here, ourintensionis notto present an exhaustive
reservoirs.Approximately10 years after productionbegan, a
Iiirature review. However,the reader is referred to Chopra3
significant 10ssin well productivityoccurred in some of the
forsome referenceto priorwork. In ths paper we presentthe
wells. The study showsthat thii productivitylosswas due to
applicationof compositionalmodellingto pressuretransient
naar wellbore condensate accumulation,and documentsits
response of wells affected by condensate dropout, and to
effects on productionand pressuretransientresponse.
predkt futurewell performance.
A radial, single well, compositionalmodel was used to study
The Arun field is one of the worlds giant retrograde gas
this effect and confirm that the productivelyloss was due to
~~ ~mmuia~on. The - IIluuul
--A- I ---- -la- ,,a Lw plwrw reservoirs. Well test analyses indicated possible Iiiuid
Wua Umu W+ed *A
.warlin+ +hm
Uc=
future performance of the well. The model matches well accumulation effects. Ths was confirmed with weii
pidtitiv+t~ @&S. A Uul
-*A k-la haunr t-nmnndtinnal
n Iw+nual, slnl~lw KaJv, -, , by. ..-..
production date and the pressure transient response of
model was used to verify that liquid accumulation would
affected wells.
cause the same type of behavior obsenmd in the field.
Subsequently,a multilayer compositionalmodel was usedto
Ths work identifiesnear wellbore condensate accumulation
model a specificwell.
as an extremelyimpoftant factor to considerwhen predicting
future well performance es some of the produdivitiesare
reducedby 50%. The work also details how productiondata
BACKGROUND
and well test analysis can be used to quantifythe effects of
nearwellbore mndensete accumulationon well productivity.
The Arun field ~ located on the northern coast of Aceh
Province in North Sumatra, Indonesia (Fiiure 1). Mobil
operates the field, which began production in 1977. The
INTRODUCTION
averageresenfoirpressureand temperature were 7,100 psia
and 352F at a datumelevationof 10,050 ft-ss. The reservoir
The engineeringaspectsof gas condensatewell performance
isa thicklimestoneformationwith a thicknessof over 1,000 ft
have been a subject of research and developmentfor many
in local areas and covers a productivearea of over 23,000
years, Recognizingthat classicalanalytical methods(such as
acres. The initial condensate to gas ratio (CGR) was 65
A1-Husseiny,et. al.f and Govie#) for dry gas wells do not
Bbl/MMscf at separator conditionsof 1,250 psia and 68eF.
The field currentlyproduces 3.4 Bscf/day of separator gas
References at end ofpaper from a total of 78 producers with an average resetvoir
73
2 PRODUCTION PERFORMANCEOF A RETROGRADE GAS RESERVOIR SPE 28749
A CASE STUDY OF THE ARUN FIELD
. ...................... ................................
s :!,
Fiiure 2- Constantcompos#ionexpansbn
.A
.Akr inihl
-. ..... . . sa~rstinn aas .-
--~ .--- ... --- is swmt
----- via
. .. oioeli~e
~-r --- -- to
.- PT Arun.
-... an !I!m2000 -----!
1900 .---l
------ .--:-.---.--.
..----
--.:-.-----...
--~-...
-.--.------.--.
...*............~
--.--.:---------------
............E.........+
............1
.......................
LNG plant. Unstabilizedcondensate is also sent to the LNG
plantforfurtharseperetion,Aside stream of separatorgas is I
sentto a fieldNGL plantwhere exkactionof LPG components
is removed and sent to the LNG plant. The residue gas
supplii field fuel, domestic sales, and injection.
n Woo -----
~;~;~;; ;o~
............".......-
..l............i............{............y.........~
-----.
.A. tu@~sl
.,~ --- .Arm
. . .. -II
.. . .. t~
---- @SKK)nW
--r- ~ ShOWI in F@!rQ 3. The
test consisted of three one-hour flow periodsfollowed by a Figure4- T~&g-@d#va#vepW
74
.
differenteffectivegas permeabilii-tilckness products&h). 1.1% affects the gas relative permeabilii very little. Even
In this case, ~h in the inner zone is lower than that of the whenthe maximumliquiddrop out is reached the gas relative
outer zone. permeabilii is 0.99. The flow of fluids in the reaavoir is
affected VeIY Iiie with condensate dropout. However, the
The most common explanationsfor thii type of behaviorare liquidaccumulationaroundthe well severely restrictsthe flow
spherical flow or multi layer effects. With the resewoir of gas in the near wII region.
pressure below the dew point, another possibilitywas the
effects of ~quidaccumulationaround the well bore.
I
0.8
migmtingto the well originatesaway from the wII where the 0.7
pressure is hiiher. This gas is in va~- liquide@*iti,rn at 0.6
the higherpmasura. Asthe gas m&atea to the wII, pressure 0.5
dec#ases andaarnafl fmctionoftbegascondanses closeto k 0.4
0.3
thewell. Thiscondensateis belovvthecrilicalliquidsaturation
i 0.2
(SJ and does not flow. As more gas is produced,the small a 0.1 CMml Lkyid
I 1
amount of gas which condenses beginsto accumulate until 0 f 1 1
the critical ~quid saturation is reached. Condensate then 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
\
tl<a<t2
\
0.38
\ .
8
I ~ . . \
.
tl
J *
\
* Mmulnum
Li@ompwt
-%-
.. -
75
affected by liquid accumulation. Sphedcel flow and multi
layereffects are not affected by the dewpoint so no change
1- ,
in productivityshould occur. Only liquidaccumulationcan 0.0. #
account for both the well test effects and the significantloss #
of productivitybelow the dewpoint.
The modelconeMadof a single76Wt layer of homogeneous The appliibility of this model for generating well test data
prope- with11 radialcellsof varyingwidths. The innercell was confirmedby generating a pressuretransienttest while
radiuswas 10 ft with subsequent celtegettinglarger. Figure the memoir pressurein the model was at 5,250 psi. Care
8 illustrates the cell dimensions along with the resewoir was taken to ensure that the flowing bottom hole pressure
umwtiea. The well was mmdetad over the entire intervalto remained above the dew point pressurethroughoutthe test.
elitinate pwtial penetrationiffects. The pressure response was analyzed using a well test
analysis SOflWareo Excellent agreement was obtained
bekmenthe parametersfrom the analysisversusthose used
inthe simulationmodel. A comparisonof the resultsis shown
inF&ure 10. This confirmedthe applicabilityof the simulator
to model pressure transient behavior. Notice that the
dedvathrecurvein Fuure 10 does not exhibitthe hump during
i the early#me asehwn bythe fieldtest (Figure 4). The hump
mat Ca8 a
.w-.. -..2..-
K-,
.
n
g
.--AA -Ilk.. k. .H.d U#hiahI U99LSnn+
cUpl 9UUI ILU Wullw! u *WI WV UBIWWL,WI FIWO
Qimi da+d
Wau oowc-9 EIurakw
:
1 10 *
2 25
inthemdei.
~ well
3 30 .
4 30 i
a
5 l!io
a Homoganatxm tirmatbn
e230 a m0h088755n
a
og-
7400 a
8350 : l%r0aky15%
s *m
.,--- # .krmmhilh99
- . ...--... --- md
...-
9
10 1,700 @
108
L=L==
Figure 8- Sk@ layarmo#
10
76
.
Usingthe model, a second well test was generated after a 3- Both stabilized regionsof the derivativecurve matched with
monthshutin periodat a resenroirpressureof 3,880 psi,well the transitionperiod between these regions matched fairly
belowthadewpoint pressure. The generatadpressureprofile well. Howver, in some of the field teats, the transitionzone
was analyzed analytically. The resultsare shown in Figure dd not match very well. Thm is a result of the simplified
11. The derivativecurve exhibitsthe same characteras that assumptionsused in the radml mmposite model.
Qbaenmd from our field tests (Fiiure 4). Stabilizedregions
developed depictingtwo regions;f dflerent ~h. Fuure 12 illustratesgas relative permeabilityas a functionof
distance from the well from the simulation model and that
assumed in the radial composite model. The analytical
109 model, whkh consistsof onlytwo regions,does not account
forlhe transitionfmrnthe inner zone with Sk to the outer zone
with connate water saturation (Q or S, ~. Thus, the
. analyticallydetermined dedvativacurve reaches the second
loa stabilizedregionsooner than the simulationmodel.
F
1
!gy >
1.
- --
l?~1 ~- -Eia --
L 1
s
c
0.8
2M8mumM
I
n
106
. . I I 111111. I [ 111111 I I 111111. I I 111111 .
Q1
{
0.8
i
8 1=
0.4 +
Figure 11- Test hm sin@ layer model, al?arconchsata
accumulation Oietence
from Well, It
An analytical radial mmposite model was used to interpret Figure 12 -km as a tincfion of dstanca hm h Wall
this test. The interpretation results are very close to the
Vaiuaa used in me simulation modei. Tine ratio ~M3 of me
innerk to the outer k is .445 which is va?yclose to the relative SatMiedthatliquidaccumulationcan cause the characteristic
gas permeabilii at the critical liquidsaturationused in the behavior seen on Arun wII tests, .wII productivitywas
model. generated as a function of reservok pressure. Figure 13
W@ratasthe reautk of the simulationmodel. When the wll
It is importantto note that gas relativeparmeabilii at critical pressure passed through the dew point productivitywas
liquid (~ at S~ saturation can be determined from the two quickly and severely affected by liquid accumulation. PI
stabilized regions of the derivative curve for the Awn fluid
system. Ths isthe most importantfactor in determiningwell
productivity10ss. Ths is so for the Arun system where ~
awayfromthe well is essentiallyunaffected by ~quiddropout.
However, other flukt systems which have h~her maximum
~quki dropout can impact ~ away from the well. In these
systems,the ratio of inner k and outer k representsthe ralio
(M) of ~ at Se and ~ at S, ~ If M is available from core * 0.26 -.--.-..-..~-..-.--.-}..------*--.-{------..--{.-----------~-.-----.-.+
?-
data,the effectof condensateaccumulationcan be estimated ~;:
a
k 0.24 ......................... ............ ............ ....................... ............ ...........
from the inflowequation for me radii composharnodei: 1
~~~::i
0.2. ............~............~.........~T...7 ......~............+...........+............
i
P:-PM2=1422QZT(M( ln(r#)-3/4) + ln(r#~+Se+DQ) _. t
- I
n 0.16
-&051004eoo 470046004200 41m am 3700
.............. (1)
RswmclrPreeeurs,PO&
77
6 PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF A RETROGRADE GAS RESERVOIR SPE 28749
A CASE STUDY OF THE ARUN FIELD
dropped from 0.341 to 0.166, a reductionof about 45%, as immediately surroundhg the well reaches vapor ~quid
soon as condensate accumulated in just the firstcell. The aqwm withthe condensateat the highershut in pressure
first cell was filled up to Sk within a shott time due to its but does not change significantlywith time. Shuttingin the
relatively small volume compared to the gas throughput. well doea not improvethe well productivity(FusseI~.
Productivitycontinuesto decline, reatilng a 50% reduction,
as liquidaccumulates but at a much lower rate. To investigate if ~quid will revaporize at lower resmmir
pressure,this model was depleted to a reservoirpressureof
To fwther &westigatethii rapid decline in Pl, the single layer 500 peia. F~ure 15 shows liquidsaturationin the firstthree
modelwas run with the firstcell refinedto five l-ft cells. The innercellsas a functionof reservoirpressure and the effect it
resuttisshownin Fuure 14. PI draatkally dropswhen the limt has on PI, The reductkn in oil saturation due to
l-ft cell was filled to ~. At the time, mndenaate had not ravapobtion occurredincell#3 long before cells #2 and #l.
started accumulating beyond the l-ft radhia. The declhing PI was notsfgnikantlyimproveduntilthe oil saturatkn in cell
liquidsaturationpriortothe rapid accumulationof mndenaate #1 was reduced. Again, this confirms that condensate
is due to the water vaporizingintothe vapor phase. accumulation immediately around the wellbore significantly
affectswell productivity.
IX3!2
:::
::: ,,
0.271 0.56
0.34 ......+.....
........... ........., r
0.45
!!
::
:: .....................
0.23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . ..!...... . . . . . . . 0.3
~, II
;;
::
~~
0.24 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . i ....... 0.15
-L:. 1
78
SPE 28749 D. AFIDICK, N. KACZOROWSKI, S. BETTE 7
r
\_ %
-.--_:~- D*
.. 108 o ..
:Well u-.
-y 3
.#ield test
.- 0 .
h,ft k,md Porosity~ .
Leyer / ..---- .
1 30.5 49.0 .214 :-- - - --- .
. .
2 55 28.0 .22 :_ . . . . . ..--- 107- 0
3 95 11.8 .209 ~
4 52 17.1 .219 : ...
30 _.
n
25
5K1051004K)04700450 4X@ 41OO3XIO37OO
;20 Resewoir Pressure, psia
15
I!
n
10 Fiiure 19- PI of the 6-layer mod# vs. the actual Arun well
5
79
..-.-
a PRODUCTlON ~ERF~RiifAhiCE OF A i?~~RoG~E ~AS RESEi?\~!R
A CASE STUDY OF THE ARUN FIELD
- A radiil compositemodel can be used to analyze well tests. 2. Govier,G.W. : Theory and Practice of the Testingof
~ of the innerand outer regionscan be determined butthe Wd/s, Energy Resources ConservationBoard,Albert
transitionregion cannot be modelled. (1975)
- Condensate revaporizationbegins in zones away from the 3. Chopra,A.K.: Transientand Steady-State Aspects of
well. Productivitydoes not significantlyimproveuntil Condensate Well Performance, paper No. 88-3942
revaporizationbegins immediatelyaroundthe wellbore. presentedat the 39th Annual Technical Meeting of th
.- .-.-a
Petroleum Soaety of cihi, Caigary, June 1z-lo, 1s85