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CURRENT AFFAIRS- ANALYSIS Present Status of

Horticulture in India
Agri-horticultural commodities
during 2014-15 to 2016-17.
undertaken directly from
farmers or farmers
How they are used?
The stalks were first treated
After this process, Bio-Ethanol
(>99% purity) is produced. COMPETITIVE GUIDANCE
1) Horticulture as a sector PSF Scheme provides for organisations of farm with acid, alkali and different Uses of Bio-Ethanol available.
has performed advancing interest free loan to gates/mandi. enzymes to breakdown It is a renewable resource. Government initiatives
remarkably in recent State governments/UTs and polymers of stalk. It is more pure than other National Policy on Bio-fuels
years. Central agencies to support A NEW SCORE IN WASTE The acid removes hemi alcohol. 2015 introduced by
Production of fruits and their working capital. MANAGEMENT cellulose, it is a polymer of This can be used as liquor for government to encourage
HORTICULTURE CROPS
vegetables has This will be managed centrally cell wall, alkali extracts consuming. renewable energy resources as
Context outstripped that of food by a Price Stabilization Fund lignin, it is binding machine It reduces pollution as it do not alternate fuels to supplement
Record production of grain for the 3rd straight Management Committee matrix in cellular. release CO2 emission. transport fuels.
horticulture crops in the year in 2015-16. (PSFMC). This treatment expose It reduces use of fossil fuels. Way forward
country during 2016-17 In 2016-17, Indias Funds from this Central cellulose and cellulose is It can be produced from The government should take
is estimated to be around horticulture production Corpus will be released in two further treated using waste, which is abundant. necessary measures to prevent
300 million tonnes. stood at 300 Million streams, one to state enzymes to convert into It can also be produced from farmers diverting their crops
What is Horticulture? Tonnes. government/UTs as a onetime glucose. corn, sugarcane waste etc., from food crops to cash crops
Horticulture is the Over 30 Million Tonnes advance to each State/UT. Fermentation Disadvantages for ethanol.
science and art of more than Food grain The revolving Fund is being To convert glucose into It is expensive. Better storage facilities should
growing (plants) fruits, Production. mooted so that Requirement ethanol, fermentation is Ethanol, as biofuel is be provided.
vegetables, flowers and Share of horticulture in for all further interventions can Scientists from CSIR-NIIST done with Yeast. inefficient when compared to
other plants. agricultural production be decided and met with at a have been able to turn waste The Yeast Saccharomyces gasoline. Krishna pradeep
Horticulture is a process was more than 33%. state level itself. into wealth. cerevisiae RRP-03N extracted It increase methane gases,
Director,
of apply the knowledge, According to survey, Procurement of the They produced ethanol from from rotting wild fruit from harmful to Ozone layer.
21st Century IAS, Hyd.
skills and technologies over the past decade, the commodities will be Cotton-Stalks. Kerala is used. Storage capacity should be
used to grow intensively area under horticulture
produced plants for crops has grown by 2.7%
human food and non- per year, fuelling
food uses and personal or production, which
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social needs. increased at an annual l {$l
The Aim of Horticulture pace of 7%.
is to improving plant Share of plan outlay for
growth, yields quality, horticulture, which was
nutritional values, and 3.9% during the 9th plan,
resistance to Insects, increased to 4.6% during
Diseases and the 12th Plan.
Environmental stresses. Reasons for development
Horticulture even refers horticulture in India
to the growing of plants Most horticulture crops
in a field or garden. are grown with assured
Scope of Horticulture Irrigation and therefore,
Horticulture involves 9 are more resilient to
areas of study that are.. monsoon deficits.
1) Arboriculture: The Eight vegetables that
practice of arboriculture make up 74% of the total
includes cultural vegetable production in
techniques such as the country have 73%
selection, planting, access to irrigation.
training, fertilization, In comparison, only 50%
pest and pathogen of the area under food
control, pruning, shaping, grain has access to
and removal. Irrigation.
2) Turf management: Technology led gains
Includes all aspects of in the productivity of
the production and horticultural crops have
maintenance of Turf given the farmers an
grass for sports, leisure opportunity to diversify
use or amenity use. from food and other
3) Floriculture: Include the crops to horticulture.
production and marketing
of floral crops.
Small and marginal
farmers have brought V>i & >i f$
lV> l $$ A
4) Landscape sizable chunk of land
Horticulture: Includes under horticultural crop.
the production, marketing Better agronomic
and maintenance of practice (Improving soil
landscape plants. quality, water use
5) Olericulture: Includes manage crop residue).
the production and
marketing of vegetables.
Improved varieties.
Challenges ^le l $l
6) Pomology: Includes the
production and market of
Lack of market support.
Paucity of post-harvest 3]l Ml]l
pome (flowering plants produce management
&
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and fruits). chain from farm to fork.
7) Viticulture: Include the Most growers do not get

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production and marketing reasonable returns for
of grapes. their produce.
8) Oenology: Includes all
aspects of Wine and
Distress sales.
Improper post-harvest A$z {]l
Winemaking. handling and lack of
9) Postharvest Physiology: processing facilities.
Involves maintaining the Farmers have been
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quality of and preventing regularly affected by
the spoilage of plants and price slumps.
animals. Way Forward
Salient features of Indias Improving the funding
Horticulture sector for R & D Programmes {]l]l${
1) Horticulture accounts for in horticulture.
about 30% of Indias Increasing public

E.11.00 VS.$, 2 AMt, 2017

agricultural GDP from consciousness, the
13.08% of cropped area. promotion of healthy
2) Provides about 37.1% of
the total exports of
habit benefits through the
eating various fresh and gql ]ll, ]l* l
agricultural commodities. dried fruits.
3) While India is a large,
low cost agricultural
producer, its share in
Maintain the price
stabilization fund scheme
for Horticulture. ^le l ]l
${Ol$]l l l M l {fq
global agriculture exports Improving the marketing
is minuscule, India and processing of the
produces nearly 11% of Horticulture productions.
all fruits. Price Stabilization Fund
4) Indias major exports Scheme
include Onion, Mango The government has

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Pulp, Fresh Mangoes, approved the setting up
Dried Walnuts, and Fresh of a Price Stabilization
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Grapes. Fund (PSF) as a Central
5) Indias biggest Export Sector Scheme, with
market are South Asian corpus of Rs.500 crores.
and Middle East
countries.
This is support market
interventions for price
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control of Perishable