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    Exam 1 Formula

    Uploaded by

    Kostas Liapis
    This document provides useful formulae for oscillators, waves, energy, and optics. The general differential equation for oscillators is presented along with solutions depending on whether the natural frequency is greater than, equal to, or less than half the damping rate. Trigonometric formulae for sums and differences of sines and cosines are also listed. The non-dispersive wave equation relates the second derivatives of position with respect to space and time. Kinetic and potential energy equations as well as the power equation are defined. Reflection and transmission coefficients for waves passing between media with different propagation velocities are given.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Exam 1 Formula

    Uploaded by

    Kostas Liapis
    45 views2 pages
    This document provides useful formulae for oscillators, waves, energy, and optics. The general differential equation for oscillators is presented along with solutions depending on whether the natural frequency is greater than, equal to, or less than half the damping rate. Trigonometric formulae for sums and differences of sines and cosines are also listed. The non-dispersive wave equation relates the second derivatives of position with respect to space and time. Kinetic and potential energy equations as well as the power equation are defined. Reflection and transmission coefficients for waves passing between media with different propagation velocities are given.

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    This document provides useful formulae for oscillators, waves, energy, and optics. The general differential equation for oscillators is presented along with solutions depending on whether the natural frequency is greater than, equal to, or less than half the damping rate. Trigonometric formulae for sums and differences of sines and cosines are also listed. The non-dispersive wave equation relates the second derivatives of position with respect to space and time. Kinetic and potential energy equations as well as the power equation are defined. Reflection and transmission coefficients for waves passing between media with different propagation velocities are given.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views2 pages

    Exam 1 Formula

    Uploaded by

    Kostas Liapis
    This document provides useful formulae for oscillators, waves, energy, and optics. The general differential equation for oscillators is presented along with solutions depending on whether the natural frequency is greater than, equal to, or less than half the damping rate. Trigonometric formulae for sums and differences of sines and cosines are also listed. The non-dispersive wave equation relates the second derivatives of position with respect to space and time. Kinetic and potential energy equations as well as the power equation are defined. Reflection and transmission coefficients for waves passing between media with different propagation velocities are given.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Useful Formulae

    General dierential equation for oscillators:

    x + x + 02 x = f cos (t)

    has solutions
     
    2t 2
    x(t) = A e cos 02 t+ + xss (t) 0 >
    4 2
    t
    x(t) = (A + B t) e 2 + xss (t) 0 =
    2

    x(t) = A e1 t + B e2 t + xss (t) 0 <
    2

    where 
    2
    1 = 02
    2 2 4
    and
    xss (t) = A() cos (t ())

    f
    A() =  1/2 tan () =
    (02 2 )2 + 2 2 02
    2

    Complex exponentials:

    ej ej ej + ej
    ej = cos + j sin sin = cos =
    2j 2

    Trigonometric Formulae:

    sin (a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b


    cos (a + b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b
       
    a+b ab
    sin a + sin b = 2 sin cos
    2 2
       
    a+b ab
    sin a sin b = 2 cos sin
    2 2
       
    a+b ab
    cos a + cos b = 2 cos cos
    2 2
       
    a+b ab
    cos a cos b = 2 sin sin
    2 2

    1
    Non-dispersive wave equation:
    2 2 2 1 2
    + + =
    x2 y 2 z 2 v 2 t2
      
    T RT
    where v = for a string and v = = for a gas.
    M

    Kinetic, potential energy and power:


     2  2   
    dK 1 y dU 1 y y y
    = = T P (t) = T
    dx 2 t dx 2 x t x

    Reection and transmission coecients:


    v2 v1 2v2
    R= T =
    v2 + v1 v2 + v1

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