1.

Simple Present Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan perbuatan atau kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang.
Time singnal :
Always, often, seldom, rarely, never, usually, sometimes, now and then, everyday, every
night, every year, every month, every week, once a week, twice a year, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
Untuk subjek I, you, we, they ; Untuk subjek he, she, it ;
(+) Subject + V-1 (+) Subject + V-1s/es
(-) Subject + do not + V-1 (-) Subject + does not + V-1
(?) Do + Subject + V-1 (?) Does + Subject + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + be(am, is, are) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + be + not + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Be + S + Adj / Noun / Adverb?

Example :
(+) You make an animation at DKV studio
(-) You dont make an animation at DKV studio
(?) Do you make an animation at DKV studio ?

(+) We practice our English conversation everyday.

(-) We dont practice our English conversation everyday.
(?) Do we practice our English conversation everyday?

(+) She buy a birthday cake for her friend every year.
(-) She doesnt buy birthday cake for her friend every year.
(?) She buy some birthday cake for her friends every year.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung dan belum selesai
di waktu sekarang.
Time signal :
Now, right now, at this moment, this semester, today, look! , listen! , this week, this month,
this year.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + to be (am,is,are) + Verb I-ing
(-) S + to be not + Verb I-ing
(?) to be + S + Verb I-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + to be (am, is, are) + being + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + to be + not + being + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) to be + S + being + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) The students are taking pictures on the photo studio right now.
(-) The students are not taking pictures on the photo studio right now.
(?) Are the students taking pictures on the photo studio right now ?

(+) She is praying dhuhur in her room.

(-) She is not praying dhuhur in her room.
(?) Is she praying dhuhur in her room?

(+) The students are studying for examination this week.

(-) The students are not studying for examination this week.
(?) Are the students studying for examination this week?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada waktu
tertentu atau masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
Time Signal :
Just, never, already so far, until now, up to present, ever since, all day, all right, all week, all
my life, recently, lately, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + have/has + V-3
(-) S + have/has + not + V-3
(?) have/has + S + V-3
Nominal =
(+) S + have/has + to be 3 (been) + O

(-) S + have/has + not + to be 3 + O

(?) have/has + S + to be 3 + O?

Example :
(+) I have made a cake all day
(-) I havent made a cake all day
(?) Have you made a cake all day ?

(+) They have worked so hard for this project until now.
(-) They have not worked so hard for this project until now.
(?) Have they worked so hard for this project until now ?

(+) She has changed her telephone number for three months.
(-) She has not changed her telephone number for three months.
(?) Has she changed her telephone number for three months ?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage :
Menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau
aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut
ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Time Signal :
So far, ever since, all day, all right, all week, all my life, recently, lately, for, since, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + have/has + been + V1-ing
(-) S + have/has not + been + V1-ing
(?) have/has + S + been + V1-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + has/have + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + has/have + not + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Has/have + S + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) J. Stuart Blackton has been making stop motion animation since 1900
(-) J. Stuart Blackton has not been making stop motion animation since 1900
(?) Has J. Stuart Blackton been making stop motion animation since 1900 ?

(+) The baby are thirsty since his mom has been going to the market.
(-) The baby are thirsty since his mom has not been going to the market.
(?) Has the baby are thirsty since his mom been going to the market ?

(+) Her brother have been driving motorcycle for a week.

(-) Her brother have not been driving motorcycle for a week.
(?) Have her brother been driving motorcycle for a week ?

5. Simple Past Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau
Time signal :
Yesterday, last night, last week, last Sunday, an hour ago, in 1996, the day before yesterday,
on Sunday morning, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + V-2
(-) S + did not + V-1
(?) Did + S + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + to be (was/were) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) to be (was/were) + S + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) I went to campus yesterday
(-) I did not go to campus yesterday
(?) Did you go to campus yesterday?

(+) The Ecology class started an hour ago.

(-) The Ecology class did not start an hour ago.
(?) Did the Ecology class start an hour ago ?

(+) He won the english speech competition last week.

(-) He did not win the english speech competition last week.
(?) Did he win the english speech competition last week ?

6. Past Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau
ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
Time signal :
At 7 oclock, when ., while , all day yesterday
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + was/were + Verb-ing
(-) S + was/were not + Verb-ing
(?) was/were + S + Verb-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + to be (was/were) + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + to be (was/were) + not + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) to be (was/were) + S + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) I was watching Korean drama all day yesterday
(-) I was not watching Korean drama all day yesterday
(?) was you watching Korean drama all day yesterday ?
(+) I was sleeping when the class started this morning.
(-) I was not sleeping when the class started this morning.
(?) Was you sleeping when the class started this morning ?

(+) They were playing uno in class when the teacher came at 9 am.
(-) They were not playing uno in class when the teacher came at 9 am.
(?) Were they playing uno in class when the teacher came at 9 am?

7. Past Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menerangkan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah selesai dilakukan pada waktu
lampau sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi.
Time signal :
Just, already, since, for
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + had + V-3
(-) S + had not + V-3
(?) had + S + V-3
Nominal =
(+) S + had + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + had + not + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Had + S + been + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) She had learned English last week.
(-) She had not learned English last week.
(?) Had she learned English last week?

(+) I had sent him a text before I borrowed his book yesterday.
(-) I had not sent him a text before I borrowed his book yesterday.
(?) Had you sent him a text before you borrowed his book yesterday ?
(+) I had finished our task, when Rara came last night.
(-) I had finished our task, when Rara came last night.
(?) Had you finished your task, when Rara came last night ?

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau dan
masih berlangsung terus hingga pada waktu yang lampau pula.
Time signal :
For, since
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + had + been + Verb I-ing
(-) S + had not + been + Verb I-ing
(?) had + S + been + Verb-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + Had + Been + Being + O+ Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + Had + Not + Been + Being + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Had + S + Been + Being + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) We had been studying autocad for 6 months.
(-) We had not been studying autocad for 6 months.
(?) Had we been studying autocad for 6 months?

(+) Ratna had been driving for an hour before her father came.
(-) Ratna had not been driving for an hour before her father came.
(?) Had Ratna been driving for an hour before her father came ?

(+) We had been learning calculus when we were in 1st semester.

(-) We had not been learning calculus when we were in 1st semester.
(?) Had we been learning calculus when we were in 1st semester ?

9. Simple Future Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang tejadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
Time signal :
Tomorrow, tonight, this weekend, soon, later, next week, next month, next year, etc.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+): S + will + V-1
(-): S + will not + V-1
(?): Will + S + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + Will/Shall + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + Will/Shall + not + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) Michael will come to Bali next week.
(-) Michael will not come to Bali next week.
(?) Will Michael come to Bali next week ?

(+) You will bring your text book tomorrow morning.

(-) You will not bring your text book tomorrow morning.
(?) Will you bring your text book tomorrow morning ?

(+) They will meet their senior on high school later.

(-) They will not meet their senior on high school later.
(?) Will they meet their senior on high school later ?

10. Future Continuous Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu
tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Time signal :
At this time next month, at 7 oclock tomorrow, tomorrow morning
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + will be + Verb I-ing
(-) S + will not be + Verb I-ing
(?) will + S + be + Verb-I-ing
Nominal =
(+) S + will/shall + be + being + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + will/shall + not + be + being + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Will/Shall + S + be + being + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) Reina will be modeling a character tomorrow morning.
(-) Reina will not be modeling a character tomorrow morning.
(?) Will Reina be modeling a character tomorrow morning ?

(+) I will be studying grammer speaking at 8 pm in my room.

(-) I will not be studying grammer speaking at 8 pm in my room.
(?) Will you be studying grammer speaking at 8 pm in my room ?

(+) They will be borrowing many books in the library next day.
(-) They will not be borrowing many books in the library next day.
(?) Will they be borrowing many books in the library next day ?

11. Future Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang sudah dimulai pada waktu lampau
dan segera selesai pada waktu yang akan datang.
Time signal :
By this weekend, by the end of this week, by next month
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + will/shall + have + V-3
(-) S + will/shall not + have + V-3
(?) will/shall + S + have + V-3
Nominal =
(+) S + Will/Shall + Have + Been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + will/shall + not + have + been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Will/shall + S + have + been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) We shall have arrived in Surabaya by this weekend.
(-) We shall have arrived in Surabaya by this weekend.
(?) Shall we have arrived in Surabaya by this weekend ?

(+) I will have finished my english course at this time next month.
(-) I will not have finished my english course at this time next month.
(?) Have you will finished you english course at this time next month ?

(+) Kirana will have read this novel by the time I arrive.
(-) Kirana will not have read this novel by the time I arrive.
(?) Will Kirana have read this novel by the time you arrive ?

12. Simple Past Future Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan terjadi pada waktu lampau.
Time signal :
This morning, yesterday, two days ago, the other day, ago, last night, last week, last
month, last year.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + would/should + V-1
(-) S + would/should not + V-1
(?) would/should + S + V-1
Nominal =
(+) S + Would/Should + Be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Would/Should + S + Be + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) They should creat animation if they are still tired.
(-) They should not creat animation if they are still tired.
(?) should they creat animation if they are still tired ?

(+) I would treat Risky a bowl of bakso if I won the competition.

(-) I would not treat Risky a bowl of bakso if I won the competition.
(?) Would you treat Risky a bowl of bakso if you won the competition ?

(+) We would visit you, but the weather was so bad.

(-) We would not visit you, the weather was so bad.
(?) Would we visit you, but the weather was so bad ?

13. Past Future Perfect Tense

Usage :
Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang akan sudah selesai pada waktu
lampau (pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi).
Time signal :
This morning, yesterday, two days ago, the other day, ago, last night, last week, last
month, last year.
Pattern :
Verbal =
(+) S + would/should + have + V-3
(-) S + would/should + not + have + V-3
(?) would/should + S + have + V-3
Nominal =
(+) S + Would/Should + Have + Been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(-) S + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

(?) Would/Should + S + Have + Been + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb

Example :
(+) She would have come here if she had called him.
(-) She would not have come here if she had called him.
(?) Would she have come here if she had called him ?
(+) I would have bought a new cardigan if I had saved my money.
(-) I would not have bought a new cardigan if I had saved my money.
(?) Would you have bought a new cardigan if you had saved your money ?

(+) They would have entered the class if they had arrived at 7 am.
(-) They would not have entered the class if they had arrived at 7 am.
(?) would they have entered the class if they had arrived at 7 am ?