OpenGL Selection

OpenGLSelection
 ThreeSelectionMethods

Colorcoding(OpenGL)
Color coding (OpenGL)

Selectionmode(OpenGL)
S l i d (O G )

Selectionray(generic)
 Method1:ColorCoding
Tomakeaselectionat(x,y):
Drawacolorcodedimageinthemouse
D l d di i h
callbackfunction,
Readthepixelvaluefromthebackframe
R d h i l l f h b kf
buffer,
Thepixelcolortellsyoutheselection.
Th i l l ll h l i

(x,y)
 Method1:ColorCoding
Toreadthepixelvalue:
glReadPixels(x,y,width,height,format,type,*data)

glReadBuffer(GL BACK)
glReadBuffer(GL_BACK)
default
Onlythevisibleobjectwillbeselected
y j
Thenearestobject(ifusingthedepthtest)
Thelatestobject(otherwise)
Toavoidthecolorcodedimagefromdisplay
Remembertousedoublebuffering
Dontswaptheframebuffer
 Method2:SelectionMode

Theideaissimilartocolorcoding.Youwillstill
g
needtopretendtodrawsomething.

However,
Noneedtoassignuniquecolors.
Noneedtousedoublebuffering.
N dt d bl b ff i
Theselectioncanignorethevisibilityandpick
multiple objects
multipleobjects.
OpenGLcanhelpyoudoit.
 Method2:SelectionMode
Tostartthefakedrawingprocess:
glRenderMode(GL SELECT)
glRenderMode(GL_SELECT)
Tospecifytheselectionregion:
gluPickMatrix(x y width height viewport)
gluPickMatrix(x,y,width,height,viewport)
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,viewport)
Tostoretheselections:
To store the selections:
glSelectBuffer(buffer_length,buffer)
Togiveeachobjectaname:
To give each object a name:
glInitNames();
glPushName( );
glPushName();
glLoadName();
 AnExample
glRenderMode(GL_SELECT);

int selectBuffer[100];
glSelectBuffer(100,selectBuffer);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
int vp[4];
glGetIntegerv(GL VIEWPORT vp);
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,vp);
gluPickMatrix(x,y,5,5,vp);
gluPerspective(10,1,1,100);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
g ( _ )
glLoadIdentity();
//Changecameraview

glInitNames();
glPushName(0);
lP hN (0)
glLoadName(1);
//DrawA,Ahasaname:1
glLoadName(2);
//Draw B B has a name: 2
//DrawB,Bhasaname:2

int hits=glRenderMode(GL_RENDER);
//Theselectionsarestoredinthebuffer
IntheSelectionBuffer
 SomeTips
Thefakedrawingprocessisthesameasthe
regular drawing process except for those selection
regulardrawingprocess,exceptforthoseselection
functions.
Anobjectcanhavemultiplenames.
A bj t h lti l
Ifyoudontresettheprojectionmatrixinyour
di l f ti
displayfunction,remembertorestoreitafteryou
b t t it ft
finishtheselectionprojection(usingglPushMatrix
g p
andglPopMatrix).
Whenmultipleobjectsareselected,youcanuse
thedepthinformationtoknowwhichoneis
visible.
 Method3:SelectionRay

Itisagenericmethod,notlimitedtoOpenGL.
It i i th d t li it d t O GL
It
Itisabasiccomponentinraytracing(an
is a basic component in ray tracing (an
advancedrenderingalgorithm).
Reliesontheprojectionmatrixandrayobject
intersectiontests.Soitneedssomeeffortto
implement.
 BasicIdea
Apixelontheimageisactuallyaray.Anypoint
y p j p
onthisraywillbeprojectedontothispixel.

Animage
An image
(640*640)

Centerof
Projection

Image Plane
ImagePlane
 BasicIdea
Sotofindtheselection,wecanjusttestthe
y y j
intersectionbetweentherayandanyobject.

Animage
An image
(640*640)

Centerof
Projection

Image Plane
ImagePlane
 BasicIdea
Twoquestions:
Howtogetthisray
Howtodotheintersectiontest

Animage
An image
(640*640)

Centerof
Projection

Image Plane
ImagePlane
 ToGettheSelectionRay
GivenaprojectionmatrixM,whichcanbeobtainedby
glGetFloatv(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX,M)
Givenaselectionpixel(x, y),for1<x,y<1,whichcanbe
obtainedby:
x=mouse_x2/screen_width1
y=1mouse_y2/screen_height
Weknow:

w x rx u rx x
w y r u r y
M y y M 1
w z rz u rz z

w 1 u 1
Anypointontheray Anyvector
 ToGettheSelectionRay
Sowecanfindtwopointsontheray:
w p px x wq qx x

w p p y M 1 y wq q y M 1 y
w p 1 w q 1
p z q z
w p 1 wq 1
Theyneedbetransformedfromtheeyetothe
worldcoordinatesystem(how?):
p x p q x q x x
p p q q
M
y y M
y y
pz eye2world
pz qz eye2world
qz

1
1 1
1
Finally,therayis:
y y
rx px qx
r p q
y s y (1 s) y
rz pz qz

1
1
1
 ToFindTheIntersection
Theraysphereintersection
Q
2
R P s Q(1 s), R C r 2
r
spx (1 s)qx cx 2

C
sp
2
y (1 s)qy cy

sp z (1 s)qz cz r 2
2

P
s istheunknown.Solveit!
Th
Thesmallests ( >0) i
ll t (s>0)givestheearliestintersection.
th li t i t ti
 ToFindTheIntersection
Theraytriangleintersection
(V1 V0 ) (V2 V0 )
Let N be the triangle normal: N
LetNbethetrianglenormal:
(V1 V0 ) (V2 V0 )
P
R P s Q(1 s), R V0 N 0
Thisisalinearequation. N
and find R
Solve s andfindR.
Solves V2

R
b1 AV0 RV2 AV0 V1V2 , b2 AV0 V1R AV0 V1V2 ,
b0 1 b1 b2 , for Aijk j i (k i) N V0
Q
V1

R isinthetriangle,ifbarycentric
is in the triangle if barycentric
Coordinates0b0, b1, b21.
 Method3:SelectionRay

Itdoesnotneedtoreadtheframebuffer.
It does not need to read the frame buffer
Itisflexible,independentoftherenderingsystem.

Eachprimitivetypeneedsarayintersection
algorithm.
l ith
Needsmultiplematrixcomputationsteps,soitis
relativelyslow.
l ti l l
 Method3:SelectionRay
Whenthescenecontainsmultipleobjects?
Testeachofthemandfindthenearest
T t h f th d fi d th t
intersection.
Itisslow,howtomakeitfaster?Use
BoundingVolumeHierarchy.