ATP 4-35.1 (FM 4-30.13) Techniques For Munitions Handlers (31 May 2013) PDF
ATP 4-35.1 (FM 4-30.13) Techniques For Munitions Handlers (31 May 2013) PDF
ATP 4-35.1 (FM 4-30.13) Techniques For Munitions Handlers (31 May 2013) PDF
May 2013
ATP Headquarters
No. 4-35.1 Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 31 May 2013
Contents
Page
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... vi
Chapter 1 AMMUNITION (CLASS V) OPERATIONS OVERVIEW.................................... 1-1
Section I Class V Support During Unified Land Operations ..................... 1-1
Unified Land Operations ..................................................................................... 1-1
Section II Ammunition Staff Operations ..................................................... 1-3
ASCC .................................................................................................................. 1-3
Corps and Division G3 and G4........................................................................... 1-3
TSC..................................................................................................................... 1-3
ESC .................................................................................................................... 1-3
Sustainment Brigade .......................................................................................... 1-3
Combat Sustainment Support Battalion (CSSB) ................................................ 1-4
Brigade Combat Team ....................................................................................... 1-4
Joint and Multinational Operations ..................................................................... 1-4
Section III Muntions and Explosives Hazards ............................................ 1-5
Section IV Emergency Destruct (ED) Operations ...................................... 1-9
ED Objectives ..................................................................................................... 1-9
Planning ............................................................................................................ 1-10
Summary ......................................................................................................... 1-11
Chapter 2 MUNITIONS SUPPLY PROCEDURES ............................................................. 2-1
Section I Receipt............................................................................................ 2-1
Section II Storage .......................................................................................... 2-3
Section III Issue ............................................................................................. 2-3
Section IV Turn-In .......................................................................................... 2-6
Section V Shipment ....................................................................................... 2-8
Summary ......................................................................................................... 2-12
Chapter 3 AUTOMATED INFORMATION AND MISSION COMMAND SYSTEMS .......... 3-1
i
Contents
Figures
Figure 4-1. Blast effects based on quantity and distance ...................................................... 4-2
Figure 5-1. Fire division symbols............................................................................................ 5-5
Figure 5-2. Supplemental chemical hazard symbols ............................................................. 5-7
Figure 5-3. Protective clothing and apparatus ....................................................................... 5-8
Figure D-1. Typical lot number system.................................................................................. D-1
Figure D-2. Example of an NSN ............................................................................................ D-3
Figure D-3. Sample DODIC ................................................................................................... D-3
Figure D-4. Example of a DODAC ........................................................................................ D-3
Tables
Table 2-1. Receipt procedures ............................................................................................... 2-2
Table 2-2. Issue procedures................................................................................................... 2-5
Table 2-3. Turn-in procedures ................................................................................................ 2-7
Table 2-4. Shipping procedures ........................................................................................... 2-11
Table 4-1. Risk acceptance authority ..................................................................................... 4-4
Table 5-1. Fire extinguishing agents ...................................................................................... 5-3
Table 5-2. Fire divisions and hazard classes ......................................................................... 5-4
Munitions handling occurs at many different levels and locations throughout Army
operations. This requires all personnel involved in munitions support and handling to
understand the environment in which they operate. This chapter provides an
overview of Class V operations from a general standpoint to provide a basis for
understanding the roles and responsibilities of munitions handling. Furthermore, to
increase the awareness of explosive safety the specific hazards associated with Class
V operations are brought to the forefront.
1-4. Similar to other logistics support, ammunition support requires units to have the appropriate mix of
personnel, military occupational specialty (MOS) skills, tools, and equipment to accomplish the mission.
The use of modular ammunition companies and platoons increases the Armys ability to meet theater
munitions requirements. BCT brigade ammunition office (BAO)/ammunition transfer and holding point
(ATHP) and ammunition platoons can provide ammunition technical assistance, SOP, advice and direct
support to unit ammunition handlers and should be the utilized to the maximum extent possible when any
type, size or quantity of ammunition is on hand or used at the unit level. These units are equipped, trained
and ready to handle a wide aspect of ammunition actions, operations and needs at any level.
1-5. The concept of modular units permits the building of ammunition units tailored for specific
functions. Modules consisting of a modular ammunition platoon, or a combination of ammunition platoons
and rough terrain container handlers (RTCH) teams, can be employed to support forces as required. The
headquarters platoon should always be located with a minimum of one ammunition platoon. The modular
structure can be tailored to effectively meet all challenges.
1-6. The theater storage area (TSA) encompasses storage facilities where the bulk of the theater reserve
ammunition stocks are located. Ammunition companies, with a mixture of ammunition platoons and
RTCH teams operate and maintain TSAs. The primary mission of the TSA is to receive munitions from the
national level, conduct the bulk of operational level reconfiguration, and distribute munitions to forward
ammunition support activity (ASA) locations and BCT ATHPs. In addition to shipping ammunition to
ASPs and ATHPs, the TSA provides ammunition support to units areas by establishing a retail ASP
collocated or near to the TSA. The ASCC determines the TSA stockage objective.
1-7. Ammunition supply points (ASP) normally operate as close to the division area of operations (AO)
as possible. The ASPs maintain a stockage of high-volume munitions and are alternate sources of
ammunition for units located in a division area (ATHP being the primary). The ASPs are operated by an
EAB ammunition unit. Additional information may be found in FM 4-30.1.
1-8. The brigade ammunition office is the primary class V advisor to the brigade. This office has
technical oversight of the ATHP and consolidates brigade ammunition requirements and forwards them to
the EAB support structure. It also provides technical assistance for unit issue and turn-in and maintains
status and in-house visibility of open unit documents. The ATHP transloads CL V items from above
brigade assets to BSB or other unit assets and temporarily holds ammunition pending issue to brigade units.
ASCC
1-13. The ASCC focuses on strategic level ammunition requirements to meet all operational needs for the
Army forces operating in the assigned AOR. The ASCC compiles and validates all munitions stockage
objectives required at ASAs, which include TSA, ASP and the ATHP. Normally the ASCC G3 & G4
coordinate with HQDA and the Joint Munitions Command (JMC) as well as the TSC on all levels of
ammunition operations, reporting, accountability and distribution of munitions.
TSC
1-15. The TSC provides primary sustainment support to the ASCC in the direct management of
requirements, stockage objectives and distribution of ammunition. The Class V branch within the TSC
coordinates with the ESC or at times directly with a sustainment brigade Class V support operations if an
ESC is not assigned within the joint operations area/area of operation. The TSC Class V branch collects
requirements data, forecast data, stockage objective requirements, and directly manages Class V assets and
support activities to include assigned sustainment brigade(s) and BCT(s). The TSC Class V Branch is
composed of ammunition officers, technicians, quality assurance, ammunition inspectors and other support
personnel that provide direct support to the ASCC AOR and advise the commander on all aspects of
ammunition operations. The TSC staff will also coordinate with the corps and division staff to ensure
priority of effort is understood.
ESC
1-16. The ESC is may be employed to execute sustainment mission command within a joint operations
area (JOA)/AO as an extension of the TSC. Its capabilities are identical to the TSC but smaller in scope.
The ESC Class V branch coordinates directly with the Sustainment Brigades and in some occasions, the
Brigade Combat Teams directly. The ESC manages all Class V assets, stock pile, safety and storage actions
within the JOA/AO. The ESC staff will also coordinate with the corps and division staff to ensure priority
of effort is understood.
SUSTAINMENT BRIGADE
1-17. The sustainment brigade (SB) provides sustainment support to forces operating within a JOA/AO.
This may include supporting one or more divisions. The SB CL V branch consists of ammunition officers,
technicians, 89B30/40 QA/QC ammunition inspectors, accountability, and storage managers. The CL V
branch directly manages ASPs assigned to it. The CL V branch coordinates directly with the BAO and
BSB support operations offices and receives data directly from the ATHP. The SB CL V branch performs
all levels of ammunition operations such as ammunition distribution, storage point establishment, explosive
safety, policy, reporting, and requirement/stockage objective requirements to provide and sustain the force.
The sustainment brigade will coordinate with the division staff to ensure priority of effort is understood. If
the sustainment brigade is the senior logistics headquarters it may also coordinate with the corps or ASCC
staff.
OPERATIONS HAZARDS
1-24. All operations involving munitions or explosives will follow the Cardinal Rule: Expose the
minimum number of people for the minimum period to the amount of explosives required to perform a safe
and efficient operations. Tasks not necessary to an operation must be prohibited. Personnel not required
for an operation will be denied entry to the area during operations. Nonessential personnel will be
prohibited from visiting the site of operation. This restriction does not prohibit official visits by safety,
quality control (QC), management, inspection or other personnel authorized by the commander.
Established personnel limits will be observed at all times.
1-25. Although some operations can be performed by one individual if the tactical situation permits, at
least one additional person must be present to assist in an emergency. All operations must be supervised
properly to ensure that safety precautions are observed and enforced.
STORAGE HAZARDS
1-26. Munitions and explosives hazards include (but are not limited to) fire, explosion, fragmentation, and
contamination. Fire and excessive heat are among the greatest hazards to explosives. Fires in storage areas
may be spread by hot fragments from one stack to another or by fire spreading along the ground through
combustible materials.
HANDLING HAZARD
1-27. Identification systems assist in identifying specific hazards associated with different types of
munitions. Appendix D explains in detail methods for identifying munitions using NSN, DODIC lot
numbering, and the color coding system.
1-28. Munitions and explosives must be handled carefully. Any improper, rough, or careless handling may
cause them to detonate/initiate. These items are safe to handle as long as proper consideration is given to
the characteristics of each type of munitions or explosive, how it is assembled, the operation, and normal
safety precautions. All soldiers working with munitions must observe the following safety precautions:
If a hazardous operation is observed, report it immediately to a supervisor. Hazardous operations
must be corrected at once.
Dont conduct operations without an approved SOP.
Dont carry heat- or fire-producing items (matches, lighters, etc.) into a storage area.
Dont smoke in a storage location, except in a designated area.
Ensure munitions are handled only by trained soldiers who fully understand the hazards and
risks involved. (See DOD 6055.09-M, AR 385-10, DA Pam 385-64 and SB 742-1.)
Dont use bale hooks to handle munitions.
Dont tumble, drag, drop, throw, roll, or walk on containers of munitions.
Dont tamper, disassemble, or alter any munitions item.
Keep munitions in containers as long as possible to prevent exposure to the elements. This is
especially true of items packed in barrier bags or sealed metal containers.
Open munitions boxes carefully. Return all inner packaging material to the container, and close
it to keep out the elements.
Repack munitions that are opened and not used.
Dont use familiarity or experience with munitions as an excuse for carelessness.
Dont carry initiating devices in your pocket. Detonators, initiators, squibs, blasting caps, and
other initiating devices must be carried in protective containers. The containers must prevent
item-to-item contact. Also, mark the container to identify the contents.
Dont drive nails into shipping or storage containers containing munitions.
LIGHTNING HAZARDS
1-31. The fundamental principle for protecting life and property against lightning is to allow a lightning
discharge to enter or leave the earth without resulting damage or loss. Protection from lightning is another
essential part of protecting soldiers, munitions, and equipment involved in storage operations. For more on
protection systems, grounding, bonding, surge protection, testing, and warning systems, see DA Pam 385-
64. Ammunition will be stored in areas that offer lighting protection if at all possible to minimize or
mitigate these risks. Field storage planning should consider the use of lightening protection & equipment
requirements.
TRANSPORTATION HAZARDS
1-34. Transportation hazards are extremely varied. The commander of any unit transporting ammunition is
responsible for the coordinating safe transit. Safety precautions for night operations must receive special
emphasis. Several publications dictate procedures for transporting hazardous materials. These include DTR
4500.9-R, 49 CFR, TM 38-250, and HN regulations.
Surface Transportation
1-35. Railcar inspections are a critical part of shipping by rail. Shippers ensure that railcars receive a valid
inspection. DTR 4500.9-R, DA Pam 385-64, and 49 CFR cover safety inspection criteria, precautions,
loading, blocking and bracing, certification of railcars, and spotting of loaded railcars.
1-36. Before loading ammunition on any motor vehicle it must be inspected to ensure it meets standards
for movement of ammunition and explosives, MHE has been load tested, brakes have been set before
loading and unloading, wheels are chocked, and munitions are properly prepared and packaged. DA Pam
385-64 covers safety requirements, inspection criteria, blocking and bracing, loading, placarding, and
compatibility. FM 55-60 covers shipper and carrier responsibilities and placard requirements.
1-37. The USCG regulates transportation of explosives and/or ammunition by water under US jurisdiction
and in water transport vessels engaged in commercial service.
Air Transportation
1-38. Aircraft movements of munitions require special procedures, packaging and different standards of
compatibility than normal operations. Units will coordinate with Air Force Loadmasters, movement units
and ammunition professionals before attempting to process or move ammunition by air (military or
commercial).
EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
1-39. Tools and equipment may pose safety hazards during munitions operations. These hazards can be
overcome through awareness training and using well-written SOPs.
Electrical Equipment
1-40. Many munitions are extremely sensitive to electricity. When using electrical equipment, soldiers
must follow operating instructions exactly. Only approved electrical equipment will be used. To prevent
electrical sparking, all electrical switches, sockets, plugs, and outlets must be of the standard explosion-
proof type. Use of electrical equipment in facilities containing explosives must comply with DA Pam 385-
64 and the latest edition of NFPA Standard 70.
maintenance, and safety personnel are all responsible for ensuring a safe MHE operating environment. See
DA Pam 385-64 for more information.
1-44. Some primary safety considerations when operating MHE are:
Ensure all operators are properly trained and licensed on the MHE in operation.
Ensure all scheduled maintenance is performed to include load testing.
Inspect MHE prior to use IAW the appropriate technical manual and do not use faulty
equipment.
Ground guides are required unless the tactical situation prohibits their use.
Do not exceed the rated capacity of the MHE.
Follow proper lifting procedures.
Reduce transportation distances whenever possible.
emergency response teams to remain proficient in individual and team duties. Accidents or incidents
involving munitions are reported and investigated IAW DA Pam 385-40.
ED OBJECTIVES
1-51. Emergency destruction of munitions is conducted to prevent enemy use and to prevent disclosure of
information about classified munitions. The object of ED is to render munitions inoperable, destroy
munitions and documents of value to the enemy, and render what is left too hazardous to use.
AUTHORIZATION TO DESTROY
1-52. The authority to destroy munitions must be established in command operating procedures. The
applicable OPLAN or SOP must specify who in the chain of command is authorized to order the ED of
ASA or ATHP stocks. The commander may delegate this authority to subordinate commanders when the
situation demands. Also, the command may dictate when and how to conduct ASA or ATHP ED, including
the types of items authorized for destruction and the destruction methods.
1-53. The decision to destroy, the method to be used, and the items to be destroyed all depend on factors
involving command policy and the logistical and tactical situation. Some of the more important things to
consider include:
TACTICAL SITUATION
1-54. The current tactical situation will greatly influence the decision for ED of munitions and the methods
by which to accomplish ED. Time available is of primary consideration and will drive destruction
priorities. If time allows, the decision to authorize ED must be made at a higher command level.
However, the senior person at the ASA or ATHP may be required to authorize ED to prevent enemy
capture and use.
or demolition requires significant preparation time. Burning is faster because demolition requires setting up
and priming explosive charges and setting up an initiation system.
1-56. A tradeoff may need to be made. With an artillery strike, the munitions may not all be destroyed. By
burning or explosive demolition, the possibility of complete destruction of the ASA or ATHP is much
greater.
PLANNING
1-59. Planning for ED must start immediately and must be accomplished at all levels of staff that are
responsible for munitions storage and handling. ED should be included in the ASA operating SOP as an
annex. To ensure the plan is complete and feasible, staff it through technically qualified personnel and
division, corps, or theater staff elements (i.e., EOD, the safety office, G3, and G4).
1-60. ASA and ATHP personnel must be trained in ED methods and procedures. All personnel must be
thoroughly familiar with the unit ED SOP and methods of destruction.
PRIORITIES
1-61. Priorities for ED are based on the tactical situation and the types of munitions stored at the ASA or
ATHP. ED priorities must be established in OPLANs and SOPs. Priorities may change based on the
logistical and tactical situation. Munitions vital to the defense of the unit will not be destroyed.
1-62. ED priorities are:
Priority 1: Classified munitions, associated manuals, records, reports, test sets, and equipment.
Priority 2: Munitions that can be used in immediate retaliation and deployed without a weapon
system (grenades, mines, small rockets, and munitions for which the enemy has weapons system
capability).
Priority 3: Casualty producing munitions (high explosive and antipersonnel) not included in
priorities 1 and 2.
Priority 4: Non casualty producing and pyrotechnic munitions (signals, illuminating
projectiles).
SAFETY
1-63. Observance of safety precautions is mandatory regardless of the ED method used or the urgency of
the situation. Only trained, experienced personnel may conduct ED procedures. Safety requirements
determine the number of personnel engaged in ED operations. Safety considerations include the amount
and type of munitions being destroyed and the size of the ASA or ATHP. A minimum of two personnel
must be present during all operations.
1-64. Tactical situation permitting, coordination with and warning of those units endangered by the ED
operation must be accomplished to prevent casualties.
1-65. No matter which ED method is used, special care must be taken when destroying ICM, rockets,
missiles, and ejection-type munitions. ICM and ejection-type munitions may expel their payload when
detonated or burned. These sub munitions must be treated as UXO. Rockets and missiles will be pointed
away from friendly troops since they could be set off by accident during the ED process and propelled in
the directions they were pointed.
1-66. When using electrical or remote firing devices during ED operations, a minimum distance of 400
meters must be maintained from radio transmitters.
METHODS OF DESTRUCTION
1-67. Choose methods of destruction that cause such damage that the munitions will not be restorable to a
usable condition within the combat zone by repair or by cannibalization. Destruction should be planned to
impede enemy troop movements without creating hazards to friendly troops.
1-68. The actual method or methods used in a given tactical situation depend on time, personnel, type of
munitions, and available means of ED. Methods of destruction include:
Firing/fire support: expend all munitions on enemy positions if time allows or request a fire
mission on the ASA location.
Burning: Although less time consuming burning is not recommended for all types of munitions
because it rarely accomplishes total destruction. To guarantee an extremely brisk fire, diesel
fuel, gasoline, paint thinner, or other suitable combustible or flammable liquid should be used.
Demolition: Properly executed demolition is extremely effective in destruction of munitions
sores. ED teams must understand how and where to place demolition charges on different
munitions to achieve complete destruction or to make the item unusable by the enemy. Quantity/
distance factors must be taken into consideration.
SUMMARY
1-69. All personnel involved in munitions support and handling need understand the environment in which
they operate. This chapter provides an overview of Class V operations from a general standpoint to provide
a basis for understanding the roles and responsibilities of munitions handling. Class V operations require
an understanding of the organizations or units involved and the roles and missions of those units. Increased
awareness of explosive safety needs to be considered in all aspects of Class V operations.
SECTION I RECEIPT
2-1. The term receipt refers to a shipment of ammunition received from an ASP, or a TSA, or directly
from a port, depot, or manufacturing plant. Receipt must not be confused with unit turn-in. Ammunition
receipt operations include completion of administrative details, inspection of vehicles, and unloading of
ammunition at the designated storage location. Tactical situation permitting stocks received by an
ammunition supply unit are recorded on stock records or other formal property records.
2-2. Once the unit receives a shipment notice, it selects storage locations and makes plans to unload and
store the ammunition. During the planning stage, the unit must examine storage compatibility, Q-D
requirements, and security factors. Also, it must consider any mission requirements for configuring stocks
into MCLs. It may be necessary to re-warehouse or consolidate some stocks already in storage to make
room for additional stocks and to facilitate vehicle off-loading at the planned storage location. Planning
also includes assigning enough people and equipment to complete the operation safely and efficiently.
2-3. Receipts at TSAs are normally in large quantities. TSAs receive 100 percent of stocks directly from
the POD. Receipts may arrive on trailers or PLS flatracks in palletized break-bulk configuration or in
containers. It is also possible that some will arrive as configured loads. In a mature theater, representatives
of ammunition units may be tasked to assist with the off-loading and distribution of stocks at the POD. In
an immature theater, an LSE or AST coordinates off-loading and distribution of stocks to storage areas.
Receiving organization should utilize AIT/RFID to maximum extent possible.
RECEIPT GUIDELINES
2-4. Attention to the following guidelines makes the receipt of ammunition safer and easier to control:
Be aware that a single shipment may contain mixed DODICs, NSNs, and lot numbers. Conduct
a detailed inventory during or after the unloading process.
Inspect ammunition thoroughly for damage and safety hazards.
Consider the amount of labor, MHE, and time required for off-loading.
RECEIPT DOCUMENTATION
2-5. The forms listed below are generally required when receiving ammunition.
DA Form 3020-R (Magazine Data Card). Prepared for each lot and stack of ammunition stored
during receiving operations.
DA Form 3151-R (Ammunition Stores Slip). Used to record storage locations of all items in the
shipment.
DD Form 626 (Motor Vehicle Inspection (Transporting Hazardous Materials)). Used by storage
facility personnel to inspect arriving vehicles before unloading. Prepared IAW 49 CFR and
DOD Regulation 4500.9-R.
SECTION II STORAGE
2-7. The stock control section initiates the storage process when it reviews receipt documentation, selects
storage locations, and prepares a DA Form 3151-R. Checkers and other personnel and equipment are
assigned to off-load the vehicles. Checkers escort vehicles or groups of vehicles to the storage locations
where type, lot, condition, and quantity of load are verified and inspections are conducted. As ammunition
is stored, the checker/storage personnel will either prepare a DA Form 3020-R for each lot number by
condition code and location or update the existing form.
2-8. After each motor vehicle is off loaded, it is driven to the vehicle assembly area and returned to the
stock control of the convoy commander. The checker returns the DA Form 3151-R to the stock control
section where it is reviewed for accuracy and completeness. The total quantity of each item as shown on
the DA Form 3151-R is cross-checked against the total quantity shown on the shipping/receipt document.
The accountable officer signs the shipping/receipt document, and directs the stock control personnel to post
accountable stock records. A signed copy of this document is given to the convoy commander or
supervisor. All transaction documents are filed for use as backup for posting accountable records.
2-9. If a discrepancy is noted between the two transaction documents, a recount is made. The actual
quantity verified as received by the control section is entered on the shipping/receipt document.
Discrepancies in quantity or condition of ammunition are reported to the shipper using an SF 364, Report
of Discrepancy.
2-10. Depending on the storage facility, some modification of the process may be necessary. However, any
modification will be based on maintaining flexibility, simplicity, and adequate control during receipt
operations. See Chapter 7 for more information on the storage process.
resupply. The DMC supports these requirements by sending a materiel release order to the appropriate
ammunition storage or support activity.
ISSUE GUIDELINES
2-13. The following guidelines will assist ammunition units in providing efficient support:
Ammunition units advise using units about limitations on the use of restricted munitions and
munitions suspended from issue and use except for emergency combat. Depending on the type
of operation, some munitions may not be authorized for issue, even if they are available at the
storage facility. Ammunition units must ensure that any policy regarding such specific items is
clearly understood. The supporting DMC is a good source of information.
Never issue munitions classified as suspended from issue and use.
Closely monitor issues of miscellaneous small lots of artillery munitions so that using units do
not constantly have to adjust registration.
2-14. Munitions must be issued as follows:
Priority 1. Smallest lots of munitions issued first.
Priority 2. Munitions designated as "priority issue."
Priority 3. Acceptable substitutes from excess stocks. Coordinate approval of substitution with
requesting officer.
Priority 4. Oldest munitions of type being issued.
Priority 5. All other stocks.
ISSUE DOCUMENTATION
2-15. The forms listed below are needed to issue munitions.
DA Form 581 (Request For Issue and Turn-in of Ammunition). Prepared by the requesting unit
and presented to the storage facility for issue.
DA Form 1687 (Notice of Delegation of AuthorityReceipt for Supplies). Properly completed
form presented to storage facility by using unit. Used to ensure that DA Form 581s have the
proper signatures.
DA Form 3020-R. Prepared by storage facility for all munitions in storage. Checkers post
transactions affecting the on-hand balance to the existing DA Form 3020-R and ensure that
forms are accurately completed.
DA Form 3151-R. Prepared by storage facility as a temporary receipt or storage document.
Directs the relocation of specific items to specific storage locations. Used to track movement of
munitions within the storage facility.
DD Form 626. Used by storage facility to inspect vehicles for hazardous conditions before they
enter storage area.
DD Form 836 (Dangerous Goods Shipping Paper/Declaration and Emergency Response
Information for Hazardous Materials Transported by Government Vehicles). Prepared by
storage facility for each driver of a vehicle that leaves the facility loaded with munitions. Drivers
must keep this form in their possession at all times while transporting munitions.
Units should refer to DA Pam 710-2-1 and AR 5-13 for procedures outlining TAMIS E581s.
ISSUE PROCEDURES
2-16. As stated above, the DA Form 1687 is used to ensure that DA Form 581 has the proper signatures. In
a brigade, the BAO or designated representative authenticates the DA Form 581 or facsimile-formatted
document before the requesting unit arrives at the storage facility. In corps artillery, the S4 officer may be
designated to authenticate the request. Authentication gives tactical commanders control of ammunition
issues. With proper controls, ammunition managers at all levels can comply with sudden changes in
priorities and allocations of munitions assets.
2-17. The ASA, in coordination with the BAO or other command representative and the DMC, must then
determine whether stocks are sufficient to support the requirement. All responsible parties will verify the
issue. The ammunition unit SOP must contain guidelines to cover such situations.
2-18. Each storage facility maintains a list of the units it supports. While a basic list should be available
from the supporting DMC or BAO, operational considerations may cause the list to evolve constantly. The
storage facility must coordinate closely with the DMC to maintain mission continuity and to identify
theater-specific policies that differ from the policies used by ammunition units in ordinary circumstances.
2-19. Table 2-2 is a guide for planning and conducting issuing operations at the ASA based upon a receipt
of notification from the DMC. These procedures should be followed as closely as possible within the
constraints of the current tactical situation. It can also be used for writing SOPs for ammunition receipts.
Table 2-2. Issue procedures
SECTION IV TURN-IN
2-20. The term turn-in refers to a unit returning unexpended ammunition and salvage items to a storage
facility by the using unit. Turn-ins must not be confused with receipts. During combat/ FSO, the quantity
of turn-ins is difficult to predict and depends on mission requirements, redeployment schedules, and a
variety of other factors. Turn-ins may include unserviceable items, unused ammunition, and captured
enemy ammunition. Regardless of the quantity or rate, all items must be thoroughly inspected and reported
to the control section. For safety and economy, commands must encourage units to return munitions in
original packaging. Ammunition support units must develop an SOP that outlines operations and
procedures for returning ammunition and residue. See AR 710-2 and DA Pam 710-2-1 for more
information.
2-21. Using units may be required to turn in salvage and residue materiel, including expended cartridge
cases, containers, wooden boxes, and metal cans. To ensure that explosive items are not mixed in, all such
materiel must be thoroughly inspected. Salvage materiel is stored in the inert salvage area. It is inventoried,
recorded, and reported to the appropriate Class V Section of the Support Operations Section in the
Sustainment Brigade for disposition instructions. The accountable officer must ensure that required
documents are maintained.
TURN-IN GUIDELINES
2-22. For safer and easier control of the munitions turn-in process, the following guidelines must be
observed:
Encourage units to return munitions in original packaging.
Discourage units from opening more rounds and packages than they need for their operations.
Inspect all turn-ins thoroughly to identify unserviceable and hazardous munitions and mixed
lots.
Inspect all salvage and residue items thoroughly to ensure that they do not contain any explosive
or hazardous materials.
2-23. The above points must be emphasized throughout the logistic and combat chains. Emphasis is more
stringent in stability operations where using units must exercise greater control. Also, the potential exists
for operations to be concluded without expenditure of munitions. Greater control makes the
retrograde/redeployment process smoother and more economical. Munitions managers at the unit, brigade,
division, corps, and DMC levels must be consistent in the guidance they provide.
TURN-IN DOCUMENTATION
2-24. The forms listed below are used for processing turn-ins.
DA Form 581. Prepared by using unit for turn-in of munitions and munitions-related items.
Presented to storage facility at arrival.
DA Form 581-1 (Request for Issue and Turn-in of Ammunition (Continuation Sheet). Used by
unit when number of DODICs requested is more than can fit on the DA Form 581.
DA Form 3020-R. Prepared by storage facility for each lot and stack of munitions turned in.
Checkers post transactions to existing form and ensure it is completed accurately.
DA Form 3151-R. Prepared by storage facility as temporary receipt or storage document.
Directs relocation of specific items to specific storage locations. Used to track the movement of
munitions within the storage facility.
DD Form 626. Used by storage facility to inspect vehicles for hazardous conditions before they
enter the storage area.
TURN-IN PROCEDURES
2-25. Table 2-3 helps in planning for and efficiently conducting turn-ins by using units. These procedures
should be followed as closely as possible within the constraints of the current tactical situation. Also, it
may be helpful for writing SOPs.
11 Unload, Segregate by DODIC and Lot (using unit, convoy commander, checker)
12 Prepare Temporary Receipt (checker) DA Form 3151-R
13 Drive Empty Vehicles to Assembly Area (convoy commander)
2-26. Depending on the storage facility, some modification of this process may be necessary. Salvage and
munitions turn-ins are handled in much the same way with the following exceptions:
Salvage materiel must be inspected for hazardous materials and certified that none are present.
Salvage materiel is stored in an area separate from munitions.
Salvage turn-ins must also be accounted for on stock records.
Small arms residue is not individually counted; its weight is converted to rounds using brass
conversion factors (see Appendix B).
2-27. Salvage and recoverable items are listed in DA Pam 710-2-1, Appendix J. Within the theater, the
DMC may direct the recovery of additional salvage materiel.
SECTION V SHIPMENT
2-28. The term, shipment, indicates the movement and transfer of ammunition stocks from one storage
facility to another: either into, within, or out of the theater. It includes movement to an ATHP using
transportation assets not organic to ammunition units. Also, it includes retrograde of serviceable and
unserviceable munitions and CEA to the theater rear or out of the theater. Normally, theater, corps, or HN
transportation assets are used for transportation. Shipments are not to be confused with issues.
2-29. In routine operations, ammunition shipments between storage facilities are directed by MRO only
from the supporting theater or corps DMC. These shipments are made up from operating stocks arriving in
the theater or from those stored in the TSAs. Shipments out of the theater to support other contingencies
may also be made when directed.
2-30. In most situations, shipments in the combat/SASO zone are limited to highway transport. The
Movement Control Battalion (MCB) schedules transportation according to theater or corps priorities. Rail
and water facilities may be used when available and if feasible. Aircraft are used only when absolutely
necessary, usually for emergency resupply or special operations.
2-31. Munitions shipments to TSAs are mostly containerized or palletized in break-bulk and uploaded on
trailers or PLS flatracks. In most cases, only containerized munitions arrive at the TSA where they are
unstuffed, configured into MCLs, and shipped forward to ASPs. If the mission requires, and if
transportation is available, munitions are throughput as close to the using units as possible.
2-32. ATHP shipments from the ASP are either in MCLs, break-bulk, or single DODIC loads. See ATTP
4-35 for more information on munitions flow in the theater of operations.
SHIPMENT GUIDELINES
2-33. The supply facility begins planning the mechanics of the specific shipment upon receipt of an MRO,
shipping instructions, or other shipment authority. The thoroughness of advance planning largely
determines the efficiency of any shipping operation. Plans vary depending on the tactical situation,
operational environment (i.e., METT-TC), type of shipment, and existing workload. Most accidents
involving Class V items occur during transportation, movement, and handling. A detailed, step-by-step
SOP will make shipment activities safer and more effective. The following actions must be considered
when planning a shipment:
Verify availability of ammunition for shipment against on-hand assets.
Select adequate loading points for the operation.
Verify the condition code and any restrictions or suspension of the ammunition planned for
shipment.
Determine total gross weight, cube, and security risk classification of the ammunition.
Determine ammunition compatibility for transportation IAW applicable motor vehicle/rail
compatibility tables.
Coordinate with supporting DMC to ensure advance notice of munitions shipments.
Determine personnel necessary to complete the mission.
Determine MHE required.
Determine safety equipment, tools, packaging, and blocking and bracing materials required.
Establish timeline for entire operation.
Determine vehicle load plans and placarding requirements prior to start of operation.
Ensure security of munitions throughout entire operation.
2-34. The responsible Movement Control Battalion (MCB) maintains liaison with local transportation
agencies and designates a Movement Control Team (MCT) to be the single point of contact for each
shipping or receiving activity. The MCT is the link between the shipping activity and the transportation
service organization. It receives transportation service requirements from the MCB and processes the
requests. The MCT coordinates the activities of transportation operators and expedites movements of
incoming and outgoing carriers.
2-35. The ammunition unit must coordinate with the MCT to ensure efficient transportation and
ammunition service support. The unit must provide timely, accurate data on pending shipments. This way,
the MCT can supply advance information on the mode of transportation, the time of arrival, and the
positioning (spotting) of carriers.
2-36. The MCT notifies the receiving activity of the departure time, estimated time of arrival,
transportation mode and number of transportation units involved, and other information needed to plan for
receipt. Supporting transportation agencies should provide an SOP based on the policies and directives of
the higher headquarters.
SHIPPING
2-37. Ammunition shipments within a theater of operations must comply with theater and DA directives,
safety regulations, and HN requirements (METT-TC-dependent). These directives may or may not be
compatible with those used in CONUS. See DOD 4500.9-R for more information on shipments of
ammunition. ARs 710-2 and 735-5 contain information on using required transportation documents.
TRANSPORT INSPECTION
2-38. Military 89B30/40 QA/QC ammunition inspectors, QASAS, or other qualified personnel will inspect
vehicles as discussed in the Receipts section of this chapter.
RAIL SHIPMENTS
2-40. Railhead operations, US/WHNS, may be part of ammunition supply operations. A railhead is a
transfer point where ammunition is moved from truck to railcar, or vice versa. Specific guidance for
shipping by rail including safety precautions, loading, blocking and bracing, positioning (spotting) of
loaded cars, certifying cars, and inspecting loadsare found in DA Pam 385-64; CFR, Title 49; and if
available, AMC drawings. Inspection standards during combat operations/ FSO are based on theater policy,
METT-TC, and criticality of mission.
WATERCRAFT SHIPMENTS
2-41. While ammunition supply units may be required to provide technical assistance, SDDC and
transportation units are responsible for loading and off-loading waterborne vessels in the theater of
operations. See DA Pam 38564 and CFR, Title 49 for more information. Also, USCG regulations govern
the classification, compatibility, and stowage of ammunition aboard all waterborne vessels in waters under
US jurisdiction. The Coast Guard is usually responsible for the security and supervision of waterborne
vessels, including barges.
AIR SHIPMENTS
2-43. Air shipments of ammunition may be made at USA and USAF airfields, at heliports, and at
ammunition sling-load areas. The Air Force controls air terminal operations at USAF airfields. Munitions
shipments into and out of USAF facilities require careful coordination to prevent disruption of service.
Airfields must have staging areas where documents may be prepared and bulk shipments can be received
and prepared for shipment.
2-44. Air shipments are preplanned for each aircraft by weight, cube, and compatibility. When possible,
the arrival of loaded vehicles will coincide with aircraft availability. Normally, Army/Air Force personnel
escort vehicles to the aircraft. The aircraft commander, loadmaster, or crew chief is responsible for
supervising the stacking and lashing of the cargo.
2-45. The Class V storage facility is usually responsible for sling-load areas. Loaded cargo nets must be
placed in the landing area so that helicopters can hover to pick them up. Cargo nets may be loaded at the
airfield or at the ammunition supply facility and transported to the airfield.
2-46. A Hazardous Materials Declaration, or facsimile-formatted document, must be attached to each
pallet of ammunition to be shipped by military or commercial aircraft. This document certifies that the
shipment complies with the provisions of TM 38-250 or 49 CFR. An individual who has successfully
completed the Special Handling Data/Certification Course must sign all copies of the form. For
information on aircraft specifications, operating regulations, loading and unloading procedures, and special
handling certification, see AR 95-27, DA Pam 385-64, TM 38-250, and 49 CFR.
SHIPMENT DOCUMENTATION
2-47. The forms listed below are needed to ship ammunition.
DD Form 1384. Prime transportation information document prepared for each shipment by the
supply activity making the shipment; carries transportation data throughout the movement cycle.
Basis for advance planning; speeds movement of cargo at terminals and other transshipment and
transfer points. Provides information needed to trace, locate, and divert shipments. During
combat/ FSO, a facsimile-formatted document prepared manually, by computer, or in message
format may be used.
DD Form 626. Used by storage facility to inspect vehicles for hazardous conditions before
entering the storage area and, once loaded, before leaving the storage facility.
DD Form 836. Prepared by storage facility for each driver of a vehicle that leaves the facility
loaded with munitions. Drivers must keep the form in their possession at all times while
transporting munitions.
DD Form 1348-1A. Accountable document prepared by the shipper for each NSN/TCN
combination. Includes ammunition management data required to process the transaction in
SAAS. Also serves as MRO, confirmation or denial, and advance notice of shipment.
DA Form 3151-R. Used to record storage locations of all items in the shipment. Tracks the
movement of munitions within the storage facility.
Placards and labels. Ensure that appropriate placards and labels are properly affixed to vehicles
before loading.
SHIPMENT PROCEDURES
2-48. Table 2-4 below may assist in planning and conducting shipping operations and in writing SOPs.
This chart can be modified to meet tactical requirements and conditions.
Table 2-4. Shipping procedures
DD Form 1348-1A, DA
8 Prepare Stores Slips and MILSTRIP Documents (ASA office)
Form 3151-R
9 Review Lots on Suspension File (inspector) DA Form 3151-R
10 Review ASA Surveillance Record for Inspection Results (inspector) DA Form 3022-R
11 Perform Pre-issue Inspection, if Required (inspector)
12 Verify Condition of Lots Selected (inspector) DA Form 3151-R
13 Return Stores Slip to ASA Office (inspector) DA Form 3151-R
14 Direct Any Required Preservation and Packaging (ASA office)
15 Alert Loading Crew, Checkers, Inspectors, MHE Operators (ASA office)
16 Direct Convoy to ASA (transportation office) DD Form 1384
17 Arrive at ASAPark in Vehicle Holding Area (convoy commander) DD Form 1384
SUMMARY
2-49. Ammunition supply operations such as receipt, issue, turn-in, shipment, and retrograde are likely to
be requested to support all operations. The theater sustainment command is a key organizational element in
the shipment and retrograde process in terms of authorizing movement of munitions and packaging
material. The MCB and its MCTs play a critical role in the transportation process.
The tactical component of the Single Army Logistics Enterprise (SALE) is Global
Combat Support System Army (GCSS-Army). GCSS-Army allows staffs and
commanders to support military operations by providing essential operational
capabilities that include materiel management, maintenance management, property
accountability operations, and information from non-logistics automated systems.
GCSS-Army establishes a web-based capability so that users can gain access to
information and exchange operational data in personnel, legal, religious, medical,
finance, transportation, training, unit administration, and other sustainment functional
areas. It will integrate enterprise information and provide all echelons access to
critical sustainment information
real time, and has open architecture capability that is migrating to be Defense Information Infrastructure
and Common Operating Environment compliant under the Logistics Integrated Database (LIDB). TAV has
visibility of over 1.4 million Army NSNs (and 6 million DOD NSNs) and provides related logistics data to
users throughout the Army and DOD. The Army has identified ATAV as the authoritative source for
obtaining Army logistics data in support of joint programs.
buttons, optical memory cards and smart cards. AIT initiatives include: Ammunition-AIT integration,
implementation of RFID Army-wide, and maintenance-AIT integration.
SUMMARY
3-32. The Army logistics information technology domain offers specific automated information systems,
battle command systems and enablers that are essential in performing the munitions handler role and
functions. Individual information systems were discussed and the basics of the Battle command systems
were identified. These tools, as well as the enablers identified, make munitions handling safe and efficient.
These systems play an important role during military operations by providing essential operational
capabilities that include materiel management, maintenance management, and property accountability
operations, and information from non-logistics sustainment systems.
SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES
4-2. All soldiers and leaders must maintain a proactive posture towards safety in day-to-day operations.
The need for total commitment to safety should be evident to commanders, senior soldiers, and their
subordinates. The importance of safety is intensified for units and personnel engaged in munitions-related
activities. Safety awareness is most effective at three levels: command, leader, and individual. These levels
and the specific responsibilities of key personnel and individuals are discussed below.
LEVELS OF RESPONSIBILITY
4-3. Commanders are responsible for protecting personnel and equipment under their command. Safety,
to include risk assessment and accident reporting, is an inherent responsibility of commanders at all
echelons. They are responsible for the safety program and must take an active and aggressive leadership
role in safety planning and programs. Responsibilities include appointing a safety officer/NCO IAW AR
385-10 and DA Pam 385-1, determining the cause of accidents, and taking necessary preventive and
corrective measures. Also, commanders must establish an explosive safety program IAW AR 385-10 and
DA Pam 385-64.
4-4. Safety Managers/ Safety Directors are assigned at division and higher levels of command. They
report directly to the commander and monitor and execute the commanders safety program. They are also
responsible for the following duties:
Execution of overall OSHA and explosives safety program.
Prepare, staff and submit site plans.
Prepare, staff and submit CoRAs.
Perform annual review of the storage license.
In any given field situation, take all measures to minimize the risk to personnel, material, and
ammunition.
Segregate damaged ammunition.
Save and segregate packing material to be reused to turn in and transport unused munitions
safely.
MALFUNCTION SAFETY
4-18. A munitions malfunction is the failure of an item to function as designed when fired, launched,
employed, or subjected to functional tests. Malfunctions include abnormal or premature functioning of an
item when properly handled, maintained, stored, transported, or deployed. Malfunctions dont include
accidents or incidents resulting from negligence, vehicular system accidents, fires, misuse, misfires or
duds.
4-19. A munitions malfunction may have been caused by operator error, equipment failure, environmental
conditions, or defect in the munitions item. The following steps must be taken to determine the cause of the
malfunction IAW AR 75-1:
User immediately secures the site, equipment, and munitions.
Commander of the using unit reports all facts through command channels.
Higher headquarters may assemble a team to investigate the incident.
The operational command may suspend from use the munitions or equipment involved, based on
METT-TC.
4-20. Investigating team determines the cause of the malfunction and provides disposition instructions for
the items involved. The team provides reports required by higher headquarters IAW AR 75-1.
AMMUNITION HANDLING
4-21. Using units must keep ammunition and explosives properly packed to the maximum extent possible.
This practice is critical to safety and quality.
4-22. Keep ammunition and explosives packed until immediately prior to use. Unpack only the quantity
expected to be immediately fired. Save all packing material until operation is complete for possible use in
repack.
4-23. Properly repack ammunition before transporting on motor vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
4-24. Replace safety devices before repacking; for example, shorting clips on 2.75inch rockets, electrical
shunts on electrically initiated devices, and pads protecting primers on gun and mortar ammunition.
4-25. Indelibly mark and segregate from serviceable ammunition misfired, damaged, suspended by a NAR,
or otherwise classified as unserviceable ammunition.
4-26. Specific munitions and explosive hazards are discussed in chapter 1. (Transportation, Static
Electricity, MHE, Pallet Jacks, Lightning Hazards)
4-27. Handle munitions to prevent damage or unintentional initiation. Things to consider include:
Protect the primer ammunition and explosives (AE) with exposed primers or similar imitating
devices will be handled in such a way as to protect the primer or initiating device from being
accidentally initiated.
Provide protection to rockets/missiles
Do not toss, drag or drop munitions
Only lift munitions at the proper lift points
During blocking and bracing operations, do not drive nails or metal objects into munitions
containers
In situations where sparks may constitute a hazard, such as unpackaged propelling charges, all
hand tools will be made of non-sparking material.
AE and its containers will be handled in such a way as to avoid defacing, removing or
obliterating its identification markings, i.e. NSN, lot number, etc.
In most cases, AE with unidentifiable NSN or lot number will be considered unserviceable.
Ammunition storage, handling, and operating facilities and areas will be maintained free of
debris and rubbish or other material subject to ignition
SUMMARY
4-28. The intent of explosives safety programs and awareness is to provide the maximum protection to
personnel and property from the damaging effects of accidents involving munitions, limit the exposure of
personnel to the minimum amount of munitions consistent with safe and efficient operations and to comply
with munitions safety standards wherever US Army ammunition and explosives are stored. Your primary
guide to explosive safety is DA Pam 385-64.
This chapter discusses fire protection and prevention programs and procedures.
Topics covered include fire divisions, hazard classifications and fire symbols,
common safety violations and hazards, and characteristics of munitions fires.
Locate parking areas no closer than 100 feet outside storage areas. Control these areas to reduce
fire hazards and provide easy access to firefighters.
Police areas on a daily basis for combustible materials left over from operations. Stack and/or
properly dispose of these materials. See DA Pam 385-64 for stacking guidelines and distance
requirements.
Control vegetation or undergrowth according to tactical situation.
FIRE PLAN
5-6. Any activity that stores or handles munitions must have an effective safety program and plan to help
prevent and fight fires.
5-7. The fire plan serves as a tool for training and for implementing prevention and firefighting rules and
procedures. It must cover all munitions areas and possible exposures of munitions to fire. The plan will
describe the following:
Emergency functions of responsible personnel.
Organization of firefighting teams and alternates.
Communications and alarm signal activity.
Responsibilities and emergency functions of outside agencies.
5-8. Details of the plan may vary to suit the tactical situation. It must include training requirements for all
personnel and establish the following procedures:
Reporting the fire.
Evacuating nonessential personnel.
Notifying nearby commands and locations of impending dangers.
Extinguishing or controlling the fire.
Using communications and alarm signals.
Controlling the fire until firefighters arrive, and meeting and instructing firefighters on
circumstances of the fire (i.e., types of munitions involved and hazards).
5-9. The fire plan includes a map that identifies storage locations, the road network, and munitions
hazard/hazards at each location (including fire and chemical symbols). See AR 420-1 for additional
guidance.
TRAINING
5-10. Training is a vital part of the fire protection and prevention program. All personnel and firefighters
involved with munitions must be trained in the precautions and proper methods of fighting fires. Training
will include an understanding of individual responsibilities as identified in the fire plan. It must also
include instruction in the following:
A system for reporting fires.
Procedures for sounding alarms.
Evacuation procedures.
Application and meaning of each type of fire and hazard symbol.
Type and use of appropriate firefighting equipment.
5-11. Fire drills encourage and increase safety awareness. Instructions to supervisors and personnel will
include steps that increase fire safety. All supervisors must be thoroughly familiar with fire hazards.
SAFETY VIOLATIONS
5-12. Serious consequences often result from the lack of training or failure to follow instructions and
written safety regulations and procedures. The most common safety violations are as follows:
Smoking.
Carrying and using matches and other flame- or heat-producing items in forbidden areas.
Tampering or playing with munitions, particularly grenades, demolition materials, and
protechnics.
COMMON HAZARDS
5-13. A fire in the ASA can start in any number of ways. Most often, fires begin in vegetation and
accumulated waste materials, wastepaper, scrap lumber, dunnage, broken pallets, and boxes. Causes
include the following:
Unauthorized use of spark-producing tools.
Use of defective MHE and vehicles.
Use of faulty or unapproved electrical equipment.
Failure to provide proper barricades.
Failure to provide firebreaks/proper firebreaks.
Use of improper grounding techniques.
Fire Extinguishers
5-16. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers can be used to fight small fires. All fire extinguishers must be
easily accessible and maintained in good operating condition. See Table 5-1 for the appropriate
extinguishing agent to use for fighting each class of fire.
A fire plan and an organized firefighting force with the equipment capable of combating grass
and brush fires are in place.
Updated fire maps are maintained at fire stations and storage areas. These maps indicate the
location of each storage area and the hazard at each site.
Storage area work crews are equipped with serviceable extinguishers.
Hand Tools and Other Larger Equipment
5-18. Rakes, shovels, picks, and other equipment needed to fight grass or vegetation fires must be in
adequate supply. Also, plows, graders, and bulldozers should be available.
Firebreaks
5-19. Firebreaks may be both artificial and specific. Artificial firebreaks include roads, highways, cleared
manmade areas, survey lines, and transmission lines. Specific firebreaks are cut in advance and maintained
to prevent the progress of any fire. It may not be possible or desirable to cut firebreaks during tactical
operations due to METT-TC factors. General guidelines for firebreaks can be found in DA Pam 385-64.
5-23. Fire Division 1 indicates the greatest hazard, with the hazard decreasing with each ascending
number. Fire Divisions 1 through 4 correspond with Hazard Class / Division (HC/D) 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.6.
See DA Pam 385-64 for further discussion of the Hazard Classification System.
5-24. Fire Divisions 1 and 2 include the ammunition and explosives in Hazard Classes 1.1 and 1.2. In a
fire, these materials can be expected to detonate with moderate to severe fragmentation hazards. Make no
attempt to fight fires involving Division 1 unless a rescue attempt is being made. Attempts to extinguish a
Division 2 fire may be made if it is in an early stage, or to fight the fire until the risk becomes too great.
5-25. Fire Division 3 is comparable to Hazard Class 1.3 and presents a mass fire hazard. Personnel in the
area will give the alarm and fight the fire if explosives are not directly involved.
5-26. Fire Division 4 consists of ammunition that presents a moderate fire hazard. Fires that involve this
type of ammunition will be fought by firefighters with portable and mobile fire-extinguishing equipment
until the fire is brought under control. See DA Pam 385-64 for more information on fighting fires.
same shape. Symbols must be visible from all approach roads. When all munitions within the ASA are
covered by one fire symbol, it may be posted at the entry control point.
5-29. When different HC/D of munitions are stored in individual multi-cubicle bays or module cells,
appropriate fire symbols will be posted on each bay or cell. Only one fire symbol should be displayed at
the entrance of a row where containing munitions and requiring the same fire symbol are located in a row
or on one service road.
5-30. Fire symbols must be placed on entrances to arms rooms that are licensed for holding and storing
quantities of explosives. Also, the appropriate fire symbol must be displayed on a locker or similar type
container where licensed explosive munitions are stored. However, symbols are not required on the
exterior of a building if the building is exempt from Q-D requirements contained in DA Pam 385-64.
SUMMARY
5-43. Fire protection, prevention, and safety awareness during munitions operations is every soldiers
responsibility. Commanders are responsible for command and technical supervision of a well-planned,
effective fire protection and prevention program at facilities under their command. Supervisors must
emphasize quality, routinely schedule training, and ensure that the commanders policies are implemented.
Demonstrated performance is the quality control element of an effective fire protection and prevention
training program.
The purpose of field storage is to provide safe munitions storage in all operational
environments. This chapter contains information on types of munitions storage areas.
Also, it discusses planning for and storing of munitions, with emphasis on meeting
safety and storage criteria to the maximum extent possible.
maintain a stockage objective of ammunition to meet a routine surge and emergency requirements for
supported units. ASP stockage levels are based on tactical plans, availability of ammunition, threat to the
resupply operations and is METT-TC dependent. During the ASP site selection process, commanders
should focus on locations that minimize the need for engineer support. It should be located near an
improved road network to ensure access by transportation assets.
6-9. The ASP location is METT-TC dependent and operated by an ammunition platoon from a modular
ammunition company generally assigned to the Sustainment Brigade. The ASP provides Class V support
units and ATHPs. The actual stock level of an ASP is METT-TC dependent. The ASP can expand to five-
or six square kilometers, or larger, depending on the METT-TC factors. Unlike the TSA, ASP stocks are
most often stored on the ground on unimproved surfaces. ASPs can receive 100 percent of its requirements
from a supporting TSA.
6-10. ASPs should be considered as temporary, open storage sites. ASPs are located near MSRs and rails
(if feasible) to allow easy access for theater and corps transportation assets. It is essential that ASPs have
good road networks that can support heavy vehicle traffic.
SITE SELECTION
6-22. Safety and efficiency must be top priorities when selecting a storage site. It is essential that
explosives experts (89B30/40 QA/QC, ammunition warrant officer, QASAS , explosives safety specialists)
be involved early in this process to preclude possible future disruptive, safety-driven relocations of
established Class V facilities.
6-23. A map and ground reconnaissance of the proposed sites should be made. Reconnaissance ensures
that the sites are suitable for performing safe operations and providing efficient support to using units. A
map recon provides information on the terrain and the possibility of natural cover and concealment. A
ground recon supports the information gathered from the map recon and further reveals terrain features.
Also, it reveals other conditions that may have changed or may not be identifiable on a map.
6-24. Based on reconnaissance information, site recommendations are submitted to higher headquarters for
approval. The sites selected may not be approved for operational and/or tactical reasons. The selection
process may have to be repeated, or higher headquarters may identify an area for the location of the storage
area.
GENERAL LAYOUT
6-27. Fundamental rules apply to the layout of all types of munitions supply and storage facilities. General
safety procedures must be considered first in any site layout. Basic operating procedures are also very
similar Key differences between TSA field sites and ASP/ATHP sites are that the TSA generally has
larger, more stable storage areas and better road networks.
6-28. All storage areas should be arranged into separate sections to enhance safety. The arrangement of
stocks in each section should make receipt, issue, and inventory/re-warehousing/configuration as easy as
possible.
6-29. Each section consists of a number of storage locations or modules, depending on the type of storage
system used. Storage locations within each section are separated according to the Q-D requirements in DA
Pam 385-64, METT-TC permitting.
6-30. The following guidelines should be observed to maintain efficient operations and prevent units from
unnecessary waiting:
Ensure signs are posted showing traffic direction, entrances, and exits.
6-41. The bivouac area is the living area for personnel operating the site. It must be located nearby but
outside the fragmentation and blast areas. When locating this site, personnel safety distances from the ASA
and the physical security of the bivouac area will be the primary considerations.
6-42. Unit vehicles and MHE are maintained in the maintenance area. A separate section within this area
may be designated for refueling vehicles.
6-43. The surveillance and maintenance area is used for performing munitions inspection, repack, and
maintenance. For efficiency, it should be located between the operations office and the storage areas.
6-44. Live munitions are stored in the ammunition storage area.
6-45. The captured enemy ammunition area is used to store all CEA turned into the storage facility. CEA
is always stored separately; once identified and classified, it is stored using the same principles required for
storing US munitions.
LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
6-46. Munitions should be positioned far enough off the road to allow trucks to be loaded or unloaded
without interfering with traffic. Containers must be stacked so that munitions markings are visible and all
containers can be accessed easily. Munitions positioned on an inadequate or unstable foundation may
topple or sag. Inspectors should look for settling or shifting so that corrections can be made before damage
results. See DA Pam 385-64 for more information.
6-47. Some units use a standard identification system to identify and locate munitions. Such systems use
lettered or numbered locations that always contain certain types of munitions.
6-48. Whenever a site is established and similar stocks are required, they are placed in the same relative
locations; however, ground features may preclude this. When a standard identification system is used, a
major road or prominent landmark may be referenced. If a road or landmark is not available, the system
should follow a logical alphabetical or numerical progression as personnel enter and move through a
specific section of the site.
6-49. The manufacturer identifies munitions by lot. The lot number is vital for accountability, issue, and
storage. Ensure individual lots are segregated in each storage location, clearly separated from other lots.
6-50. Climatic considerations such as adequate shelter, dunnage, good drainage, and good ventilation are
necessary to protect stored munitions. Tarpaulins can be used to protect munitions from the effects of rain
and intense sunlight. See DA Pam 385-64 for additional guidance.
6-51. In desert and tropical climates, munitions must be shielded from the direct rays of the sun. To
minimize exposure to sunlight, position containers with long axes pointed in an east-west direction.
Priority for shade is as follows:
Guided missiles and rockets.
Propelling charges.
Fuses.
Pyrotechnics.
Projectiles.
6-52. When containers are used for storage, doors may be left open or opened periodically so that air can
circulate. Blowing sand should not accumulate around containers or pallets.
6-53. The proper use of dunnage increases stack stability. Generally, stacks must be at least 4 to 6 inches
off the ground to prevent munitions from getting wet and to ensure adequate circulation. See DA Pam 385-
64 for more information.
6-54. If drainage is a problem, ditches must be dug around stacks of munitions. If propellant charges are
stacked, lids will be turned down slightly so water does not seep in or accumulate.
6-55. Storage of guided missiles and rockets requires special care. Guided missile assemblies should be
stored in permanent structures if possible because the missile bodies have delicate electronic components
that must be protected. If stored in the open, protect the containers with tarps or other suitable cover. In
either case, storage areas should have hard, level surfaces, and all humidity indicators must be accessible.
Guided missiles and rockets should be stored with all nose ends pointing in the safest direction, normally
outward.
6-56. Guards and access control must be employed if classified or sensitive components are stored in the
open. See AR 190-11 for more detailed security information.
6-57. Natural concealment must be used whenever possible to camouflage munitions storage areas.
Camouflage requirements may conflict with requirements for firebreaks and munitions shelter. The use of
camouflage must be consistent with explosive safety and munitions storage procedures. See ATTP 3-34.39
for general information on the use of camouflage.
using DD Form 1575 (Suspended Tag Materiel) or facsimile-formatted documents (taped to the materiel),
to show that the items have been suspended or restricted from issue. When foreign nationals are employed,
bilingual tags should be produced locally. Suspended or restricted-issue items returned by the firing units,
or items received from other supply facilities, must be segregated upon receipt.
SUMMARY
6-75. This chapter focuses on storage of munitions. If deployed into a combat environment, a unit's storage
requirements and considerations will be consistent with those identified in this chapter. Units that support
either SASO or combat operations from a CONUS installation should consult DA Pam 385-64 for
peacetime and wartime requirements.
Munitions maintenance encompasses all actions necessary to ensure that stocks are
either serviceable, or that unserviceable stocks are restored to serviceable condition
or disposed of properly. Maintenance responsibilities are assigned to ammunition
units based on the unit's primary mission and the availability of skilled personnel,
time, tools, equipment, and supplies. This chapter discusses maintenance and
surveillance operations, procedures, and functions.
MAINTENANCE PLANNING
7-1. Munitions maintenance planning must be aligned closely with the operational needs of supported
units. Maintenance planners must be realistic when considering the availability of supplies and
maintenance resources. A reduction in munitions maintenance increases the amount of ammunition taken
from the supply system. Conversely, the inability of the supply system to replace unserviceable munitions
requires a greater maintenance effort. Proper maintenance, storage, and handling of munitions enhance
readiness, reduce replacement requirements, and conserve resources. The maintenance planner must
recognize the interdependence of maintenance and munitions support.
MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
7-2. Units need a constant supply of serviceable munitions. Munitions maintenance is a vital task that
must be performed to sustain readiness. Maintenance includes everything from minor packaging and
preservation operations (i.e., cleaning, removing rust and corrosion, repairing boxes and crates) to major
operations (i.e., complete renovation). Provisions must be made to conduct as much maintenance as
possible at the storage location. In some cases, munitions must be retrograded for maintenance. Since the
movement of munitions requires transportation and personnel assets, it is inefficient to adopt a maintenance
program geared totally to evacuation. QA/QC for maintenance operations is performed by QASAS at
echelons above Bde. Munitions maintenance is divided into field and sustainment categories.
FIELD MAINTENANCE
7-3. All activities that have munitions on hand perform maintenance (generally packaging and
preservation) to prevent deterioration from rough handling and exposure. Maintenance in the using unit is
usually performed with the technical assistance of ammunition units. Ammunition companies perform
limited maintenance and surveillance of stocks under their control. Limits are defined by the capability of
the unit and METT-TC. Besides packaging and preservation, maintenance may include replacing readily
removable external parts and components; these include fuses of artillery and mortar munitions, propelling
charges and primed cartridge cases for semi fixed and mortar munitions, grommets, and nose plugs. Field
maintenance is largely due to turned-in munitions.
repair. Disposition instructions must be requested for suspended and nonrepairable items. Scrap material is
placed in suitable containers and sent to a salvage area.
7-5. If inspection results in the need to repair or replace a container, the contents must be removed unless
a new stencil or marking is all that is necessary. Munitions are returned to the container with enough filler
material to allow a tight fit. Stencils or markings identical to the originals are placed on the new container.
Seals and bands are replaced, and the container is ready for the palletizing area.
7-6. Munitions must be palletized IAW proper USAMC drawings and appendices. Generally, no more
than one lot is permitted on any one pallet in storage. Once inspected, pallets are transferred to a storage or
shipping area.
7-7. If an explosive hazard exists, the destruction of unserviceable munitions and packaging is carried out
only by, or under the supervision of, EOD personnel. Disposition instructions must be requested from
higher headquarters prior to destruction. See DA PAM 385-64 for more information.
SUSTAINMENT MAINTENANCE
7-8. Sustainment maintenance will generally be performed by an AMC munitions activity. Under certain
circumstances sustainment maintenance may be performed by an ammunition company with proper
approval or authority. Sustainment maintenance includes all field maintenance tasks and includes, but is
not limited to, the following:
Removal of extensive rust/corrosion; painting and stenciling of Class V materiel; and fabrication
of or major repairs to boxes, containers, and crates.
Replacement of internal/external components that requires the use of operational shields or
barricades.
Demilitarization of ammunition, when directed.
7-9. Modular ammunition units with storage and issue missions are equipped to perform maintenance
functions in accordance with METT-TC. The tools, equipment, and supplies needed to support
maintenance at that particular level are included in each unit's supply and equipment list. Generally
maintenance is not performed where ammunition is stored. Exceptions may include such operations as
opening and repacking boxes and metal containers of ammunition including, repacking of ammunition into
serviceable boxes and fiber containers, spot painting projectiles. Explosives and ammunition will not be
renovated, modified, or demilitarized within a magazine.
SURVEILLANCE OPERATIONS
7-11. The Commander is responsible for the surveillance program and it is executed under the guidance of
and advisement of the QASAS. Munitions surveillance is the observation, inspection, serviceability
determination, and classification of munitions and their components for movement, storage, and
maintenance. Surveillance activities are conducted by all theater activities that store, maintain, dispose of,
or ship ammunition and its components. Surveillance ends only when munitions are expended or
destroyed. Classification is performed by the QASAS or under the direct supervision of the QASAS.
SURVEILLANCE FUNCTIONS
7-12. Munitions inspectors are responsible for ensuring the reliability and serviceability of munitions. The
surveillance mission encompasses the following duties:
Inspecting storage facilities, field storage, and all types of storage sites to ensure compliance
with storage standards.
Inspecting surrounding areas for fire hazards and other nonstandard conditions.
Checking for conditions that could speed up deterioration of items in storage.
Teaching surveillance and munitions safety.
Preparing and maintaining records and reports to cover all surveillance activities. (Surveillance
records and reports are contained in SB 742-1.)
Observing, inspecting, and investigating munitions and components for serviceability.
Monitoring storage, handling, and maintenance operations and recommending changes to
enhance safety and operational effectiveness.
Advising the commander on munitions surveillance matters.
Inspecting munitions to determine quality, safety, and deterioration.
Maintaining munitions drawings and specifications files and indexes.
Maintaining munitions suspension, notifications and safety of use messages.
Inspecting incoming and outgoing munitions shipments for compliance with existing
instructions and regulations.
Furnishing technical advice to the commander and supported units on munitions safety and
compliance with munitions regulations.
Ensuring that surveillance functions are performed according to SB 742-1 and applicable TMs
and SBs.
Assist in planning, administering, and enforcing the explosives safety program.
7-13. Munitions inspectors provide an invaluable service to the commander and supported units.
Inspectors assist in many activities including the following:
Investigating ammunition malfunctions and accidents.
Inspecting and testing lightning protection systems.
Conducting unit ammunition inspections.
Preparing licenses, site plans, waivers, exemptions and CoRAs for storage facilities.
Planning construction of storage facilities.
Planning field storage areas.
Monitoring uploading/downloading of ammunition to/from combat vehicles.
7-14. QASAS will provide technical assistance to Safety Directors and Managers in the following areas:
Development of explosives licenses and explosives safety site plans/submissions and explosives
licenses.
Explosives CoRA requests and certificates of compelling reasons.
Reviewing designs for explosive production, manufacture, testing, storage, surveillance,
maintenance demilitarization, and disposal facilities for compliance with explosive safety
standards.
Conducting safety inspections of ammunition and explosives handling, storage, use,
maintenance, and disposal areas at least annually.
Monitoring ammunition uploads and other activities that involve the transportation and storage
of ammunition in other than authorized and licensed storage areas to ensure that pertinent
requirements are met.
Reviewing SOPs and directives for compliance with explosive safety requirements.
Assisting in the master planning process and reviewing, annually, the master plan to ensure
construction is not planned inside explosive safety arcs.
Monitoring operations involving ammunition and explosives to ensure that Army units
understand and comply with explosive safety standards.
Surveillance Inspections
7-15. The following inspections are performed by QASAS and/or military inspectors IAW SB 742-1:
Serviceability Standards
7-16. The purpose of an inspection is to find deterioration and determine the serviceability of items. As a
rule, munitions must not have defects that alter their characteristics, make them unsafe, or prevent them
from performing as designed. The inspector must be familiar with all information on the items, including
components and packaging. The prime causes of unserviceable ammunition include heat, moisture, and
rough handling. Deterioration is faster when moisture is combined with a rise in temperature.
Serviceability standards are contained in SB 742-1 or item specific references such as TMs, SBs and
drawings.
MAINTENANCE SAFETY
7-19. Safety in munitions maintenance is covered in DA PAM 385-64, and maintenance manuals for
specific munitions items. Explosives safety standards, the handling and storing of munitions, operational
precautions, Q-D requirements, barricades, operational shields, personnel and explosives limits, and safety
tools and equipment are discussed in chapter 5 of this manual.
SUMMARY
7-20. This chapter has provided only general information and guidance for personnel responsible for the
maintenance of munitions. Detailed maintenance and surveillance procedures for specific munitions items
are in TM 9-1300 series publications. Surveillance procedures are covered in SB 742-1.
This appendix provides a list of references and general guidelines relevant to all
Army units for determining personnel/command responsibilities, implementing
requisition, accounting and storage procedures, conducting inventory and quality
assurance programs.
A-1. Combat loads for ammunition are Army level standard quantity and type of munitions an individual
weapon, crew-served weapon or a weapons platform and its modified table of organization and equipment
(MTOE)-designated munitions carriers are designed to hold. Combat loads for bulk munitions (grenades,
signals, and so forth) are not associated with a weapon or weapons platform. Bulk munition CLs are
assigned by SRC and reflect the quantity of munitions required to give units capability and flexibility.
Combat loads support the initiation of combat operations and are the basic building blocks of Army war
reserve requirements.
A-2. Sustainment loads (SLs) are the munitions needed to initiate and support a forces operations until
resupply can be provided. SLs are calculated prior to the commencement of operations by using a CL or
multiples thereof and includes the initial CL. Calculate SL requirements only for units that actually will be
in the theater of operations prior to establishment of a sea line of communications (SLOC), according to
time lines in an ASCCs most demanding OSD/Joint staff-directed theater OPLAN or CONPLAN. SL
resupply is based on the munitions required to support forces until the next scheduled resupply ship arrives.
Taking into account that expenditures will vary from DODIC to DODIC during operations, SL resupply
quantities likely will be tailored to reflect variables such as planned missions and forces, previous and
planned expenditures, and on-hand supply.
RESPONSIBILITIES
A-3. Responsibilities of key personnel/commands for Combat load management are as follows:
Commanders at all level, to include the NGB, will use Total Ammunition Management
Information System (TAMIS) to review and validate ammunition combat load requirements on
an annual basis or upon Change of Command. Commanders will also ensure that combat loads
for ammunition are on hand or on requisition at all times and will coordinate distribution of
combat load requirements data, review combat load requirements, ensure combat load
ammunition is on hand or on requisition, maintain the units combat load requirements, conduct
annual internal reviews of the combat load requirements, and coordinate with supporting
89B30/40 QA/QC ammunition inspectors ammunition inspectors to ensure stockpile
serviceability.
Ammunition Supply Points or Depots manage stockpiles and coordinate with the supporting
Expeditionary Sustainment Command (ESC) or Theater Sustainment Command (TSC) to
ensure enough ammunition is on hand and serviceable to provide for all supported units. Also,
They maintain a suspense file of all prepositioned requests and coordinate requirement updates
with supporting units at least annually.
QASAS perform inspections of combat loads that are in the possession of the unit at least
annually. QASAS also notify owning units of any ammunition information notices that may
affect their on-hand ABL.
Supporting DMCs coordinate with supported units and the ASPs/depots to ensure adequate
serviceable munitions stocks are on hand for those combat loads that are approved by HQDA G-
3/G-4 for local storage. This is accomplished by ensuring that combat load shortages are
requisitioned and disposition instructions are provided for ammunition excess to the units
ammunition combat load requirements.
INVENTORY
A-8. Ammunition combat loads will be inventoried IAW AR 710-2. Army Commands will establish
procedures and guidance for maintaining physical security and conducting basic load inventories IAW DA
Pam 710-2-1. At a minimum the inventories must
Be accomplished monthly when combat loads are issued to the unit and stored in a secure
location (IAW AR 190-11).
Be accomplished daily when combat loads are issued to the unit and not stored in a secure
location (IAW AR 190-11).
Be accomplished quarterly when combat loads (all munitions including CIIC 1, 5 AND 6) are
stored at retail Ammunition Storage Activities/Ammunition Supply Points and secured IAW AR
190-11
Be accomplished semiannually (CIIC 1, 5, and 6) and annually (other than CIIC 1, 5, and 6)
when combat loads are stored and accounted for by the Theater Storage Areas/Depot.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A-9. Units will coordinate with the supporting QASAS to have any on-hand basic load inspected at least
annually by an ammunition inspector. Units having on-hand ammunition stocks must also coordinate with
the supporting QASAS or ASP/depot to ensure that they obtain relevant ammunition information notices
(AINs) and missile information notices (MINs) of suspensions or restrictions. If on-hand ammunition is
determined to be unsuitable for continued use as combat load, the unit will coordinate with the supporting
ASP/depot for turn-in and replenishment.
The data and procedures contained in this appendix are used to compute the weight
and/or quantity of expended cartridge cases. Refer to DA Pam 710-2-1 for items not
listed.
Table B-1. Brass conversion chart
Case Type Weight (pounds)
.22 caliber, brass, short .0008
.22 caliber, brass, long .0014
.30 caliber, brass, all .0286
.38 caliber, brass, all .009
.45 caliber, brass, all .0124
.45 caliber, steel, all .012
.50 caliber, brass, all .121
.50 caliber, steel all .111
5.56 millimeter, brass, all .0135
7.62 millimeter, brass, large .026
9 millimeter parabellum .009
20.0 millimeter, brass, small .2
20.0 millimeter, brass, large .25
25 millimeter, all .48
Shotgun, brass, all .036
TO FIND WEIGHT
B-1. Multiply the quantity of expended cartridge cases by the weight. Using the example, brass, short,
expended-rounds, .22 caliber, work the formula as shown below.
FORMULA
B-2. Quantity of the item x Weight = Weight of expended cartridge cases.
COMPUTATION
B-3. 39,875 rounds x .0008 lbs = 31.9 lbs. Work to one decimal place and round down: 31 pounds
expended.
Ammunition condition codes are single letters that classify munitions materiel. Each
ACC identifies degree of serviceability, condition, and completeness (readiness for
issue and use), as well as actions under way to change the status of materiel. This
appendix defines ACCs A-H, J-N, P-S and V.
MARKINGS
D-1. Markings stenciled or stamped on munitions items include all information needed for complete
identification. Components in which all explosive, incendiary, or toxic materials have been simulated by
substitution of inert material are identified by impressed INERT markings. Components in which all
explosive, incendiary, or toxic materials have been omitted are identified by stamped EMPTY markings.
Serial Number
Lot interfix number
Manufacturers identification symbol
Note: A letter is added to the sequence number when there is a modification through
renovation. The first modification is shown by -A, the second by -B, and so on. For example,
AMC 75D018-123A, AMC 75D018-123B, etc.
Note: There are other FSC groups, but they are for Class V materiel outside the US Army
ammunition inventory. (Look in any current copy of the DOD ammunition listing, volumes 1
through 3, for more information.)
Item number. This number identifies the item with a particular nomenclature,
item name, modifier model number, and packing method using ammunition
supply catalogs or FEDLOG.
National Codification Bureau Code. The next two numbers identify the
country of manufacture. Commonly called the country code, it also identifies
the country responsible for maintaining the item.
Federal Supply Classification. Thirteen is conventional ammunition Federal
Supply Classification Group, and 15 is the specific class.
COLOR CODING
D-7. The main reason ammunition is painted is to protect it from rust. However, the color of the protective
coating and markings also makes ammunition easy to identify and provides some camouflage. Ammunition
20mm and larger is color-coded IAW MIL-STD 709D (see Tables D-2 and D-3).
D-8. Small arms ammunition is not color-coded under MIL-STD 709D. Either the small arms projectiles
or the bullet tips are painted a distinctive color so they can be identified quickly. Table D4 shows the color
codes for types of small arms ammunition up to and including.50 caliber. For more information, see TM 9-
1300-200. Significant features of the current color-coding standard are as follows:
Olive drab. With yellow markings, OD indicates an HE round. However, OD is also being used
as a basic color for certain new rounds such as ICMs, the flechette antipersonnel round, and
some new illumination rounds for specific field artillery weapons.
Overpacking. Ammunition overpacked in color-coded bombs, in unit dispensers, or in
warheads, must not be color-coded.
Standard DOD Ammunition Color Code. MIL-STD 709C contains the standard ammunition
color code for 20mm and larger ammunition. Be aware, though, that there is still ammunition
coded as specified by MIL-STD 709-C, MIL-STD 709-B and MIL-STD 709-A. If this is the
case, see the appropriate MIL-STD or TM 9-1300-200.
Table D-2. Ammunition color code, MIL-STD 709D
Color (1,2) FED STD NO 595 Interpretation
Yellow 33538, 30117 or 30140 Indicates the presence of high
explosives
Brown Identifies low explosive items or
components or indicates the
presence of a low explosive
Gray (3,4) 36231 Identifies ammunition that contain
irritant, incapacitating or toxic
agents when used as an overall
body color except underwater
ordnance
Gray with dark red band 31136 Indicates the ammunition contains
an irritant (riot control) agent
Gray with dark green band 34108 Indicates the ammunition contains a
toxic agent other than binary agents
Gray with broken dark green band Indicates the ammunition contains a
binary nerve agent
Gray with violet band 17100 Identifies ammunition with an
incapacitating agent
Black (3,5) 37038 Identifies armor defeating
ammunition, except on underwater
ordnance, dummy hand grenades
and when used for lettering or
marking
Silver/aluminum 17178 Identifies countermeasures
ammunition
Light green 34558 or 34449 Identifies screening or marking
smoke ammunition
Light red 31158 Identifies incendiary ammunition or
indicates the presence of highly
flammable material for producing
damage by fire
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
2,3,4,5
High explosive (HE), Olive drab Yellow Yellow
except 20mm
High explosive (HE), Yellow Black None
20mm
Explosive binary plastic ( Olive drab Yellow Black
HEP)
High explosive antitank Black Yellow None
(HEAT)
Antipersonnel and Olive drab Yellow Yellow3
antitank mines
Incendiary Light red Black None
High explosive incendiary
(API)
AP
With bursting charge Black Yellow None
Without bursting charge Black White None
Canister Olive drab White None
7
Flechette loaded Olive drab White White
Yellow8
Chemical
Filled with toxic chemical Gray Dark Green One broken dark
binary nerve agent green9,10,11
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
Illuminating
Separate loading Olive drab White White
Fixed or semi fixed White Black None
Practice
With low explosive to Brown
indicate functioning
With low explosive to Yellow
indicate functioning
With low explosive to None
indicate functioning
Screening or marking
Smoke ammunition
Filled with other than WP Light green Black None
Filled with WP Light green Light red Yellow9
Inert ammunition not
designed to be delivered Bronze Black None
in a delivery system
Chemical
Filled with a riot control
Gray Red One red9
agent
Filled with an incapacity
Gray Violet One violet9
agent
Filled with a toxic
One broken dark
chemical binary nerve Gray Dark Green
green9,10
agent
Footnotes:
1. Color of the letters and figures normally used for the main identification.
2. Circumferential band of yellow diamond shaped figures on semi-fixed and separate loading improved
conventional munitions.
3. Circumferential band of yellow triangular shaped figures on mass scatterable mine and loaded semi-fixed
and separate loading ammunition.
4. Separate loading ammunition for shipboard use has a circumferential yellow band besides yellow
markings.
5. Bombs have one yellow band except thermally protected bombs, which have two yellow bands besides
yellow markings
6. Circumferential broken yellow band (1/2 inch segments with inch gaps) on explosive binary munitions.
7. Circumferential band of white diamond shaped figures on ammunition containing flechettes.
8. Yellow band put on when the ammunition contains explosives used to fracture the projectile.
9. Yellow band put on to indicate HE burster.
10. Toxic chemical agent ammunition containing binary nerve agent filling shown by a broken dark green
band (1/2 inch segments separated by inch spaces).
11. Both color applications are standard. However, for land ammunition use, separate loading ammunition is
olive drab for overall body color with a white band and main identification details marked white. Fixed and
semi-fixed ammunition is white for overall body color with main identification details in black.
12. Separate loading ammunition for shipboard use has black markings and a light red band.
Identifies
completely
inert smaller
caliber
ammunition
designed for
5.56mm Silver FED-STD-595-17178 Dummy Silver Silver
use in activities
such as
assembly,
testing,
handling,
training, etc.
Identifies ball
ammunition for
5.56mm Green FED-STD-595-34138 Ball None Green Tip
combat use
and training
Identifies
tracer
ammunition for
combat use
5.56mm Red FED-STD-595-11136 Tracer None Red Tip
and training
with trace to
target:
capability
Identifies
tracer
ammunition for
combat use
5.56mm Orange FED-STD-595-12246 Tracer None Orange Tip
and training
with trace to
target:
capability
Identifies an
armor piercing
ammunition or Armor
5.56mm Black FED-STD-595-37038 None Black Tip
indicates an Piercing
armor piercing
capability
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum combat Translucent
mission Dome with
Silver and Dye
5.56mm capability kit Silver Blue
Blue FED-STD-595- Marking
dye marking Marking
15000s/25000s/35000s ammunition for Compound
rifles
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum combat Translucent
mission Dome with
Silver and Dye
5.56mm capability kit Silver Red
Red FED-STD-595- Marking
dye marking Marking
11000s/21000s/31000s ammunition for Compound
rifles
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum combat Translucent
mission Dome with
Silver and Dye
5.56mm capability kit Silver Yellow
Yellow FED-STD-595- Marking
dye marking Marking
13000s/23000s/33000s ammunition for Compound
rifles
Identifies close
combat
Blue Dome
mission
Silver and FED-STD-595- Dye with Blue
5.56mm capability kit Silver
Blue 15000s/25000s/35000s Marking Marking
dye marking
Compound
ammunition for
rifles
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum combat
mission
Silver and Dye Blue Dome
5.56mm capability kit Silver
Red FED-STD-595- Marking with Red
dye marking
11000s/21000s/31000s ammunition for Marking
rifles Compound
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum combat
Blue Dome
mission
Silver and Dye with Yellow
5.56mm capability kit Silver
Yellow FED-STD-595- Marking Marking
dye marking
13000s/23000s/33000s Compound
ammunition for
rifles
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
Identifies
completely
inert small
caliber
ammunition
designed for
7.62mm Silver FED-STD-595-17178 Dummy Silver Silver
use in activities
such as
assembly,
testing,
handling,
training, etc.
Identifies
tracer
ammunition for
combat use
7.62mm Orange FED-STD-595-12246 Tracer None Orange Tip
and training
with trace to
target:
capability
Identifies an
armor piercing
ammunition or Armor
7.62mm Black FED-STD-595-37038 None Black Tip
indicates an Piercing
armor piercing
capability
FED-STD-
595/15000s/25000s/
Identifies short Short
35000s/11000s/21000s/ Light Blue
Blue & range training Range
7.62mm None projectile &
Red tracer Tracer
Red Tip
31000s ammunition Training
Identifies
FED-STD-595/11136 overhead fire
Tracer
7.62mm Red tracer None Red Tip
Overhead
ammunition for
training
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
Identifies dim
tracer
ammunition for
FED-STD-595/37142 combat use
and training
7.62mm Purple Dim Tracer None Purple Tip
with trace to
target
capability
when night
vision is used
Identifies
completely
inert small
caliber
FED-STD-595/17178 ammunition
designed for
9mm Silver Dummy Silver Silver
use in activities
such as
assembly,
testing,
handling,
training, etc.
Identifies
practice tracer
FED-STD-595/35240 ammunition
Blue
Blue & used for Practice
9mm None projectile &
Red training of Tracer
Red Tip
shoulder fired
rocket
launcher
Identifies close
natural zinc/aluminum Translucent
combat
Dome with
Silver & mission Dye
9mm Silver Red
Red FED-STD-595/11000s/ capability kit Marking
Marking
21000s/31000s dye marking
Compound
ammunition
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
Identifies
completely
inert small
caliber
FED-STD-595/17178 ammunition
designed for
.50 cal Silver Dummy Silver Silver
use in activities
such as
assembly,
testing,
handling,
training, etc.
Identifies an
armor piercing
FED-STD-595/26493 incendiary
tracer Armor
Gray & ammunition or Piercing Gray & Red
.50 cal FED-STD-595/11136 None
Red indicates an Incendiary Tip
armor piercing Tracer
incendiary
tracer
capability
Identifies an
FED-STD-595/26493 armor piercing
incendiary
Armor
Gray & ammunition or Gray &
.50 cal FED-STD-595/14187 Piercing None
Green indicates an Green Tip
Incendiary
armor piercing
incendiary
capability
Identifies an
armor piercing
FED-STD-595/26493 incendiary dim
tracer Armor
Gray & ammunition or Piercing Gray &
.50 cal FED-STD-595/37142 None
Purple indicates an Incendiary Purple Tip
armor piercing Dim Tracer
incendiary dim
tracer
capability
FED-STD-595/35109 Identifies
Identifies short
short range
.50 cal Blue range training Blue Light Blue
training
ammunition
ammunition
Table D-3. Application of color codes for particular ammunition items, MIL-STD 709D
Colors
Ammunition
Body Markings1 Bands
FED-STD-595/35109
Short
FED-STD-595/31158 Identifies short Range Light Blue
Blue & range training Tracer
.50 cal Blue projectile &
Red tracer
Red Tip
ammunition
Training
ULTEM1000 sabot
plastic & natural tungsten Identifies
Amber alloy Saboted Amber
saboted light Light Armor
Sabot & Sabot &
.50 cal armor None
Silver Silver
penetrator
Penetrator Piercing Penetrator
ammunition
ULTEM1000-6015 sabot
plastic & natural tungsten Identifies Saboted
Red alloy Light Armor
tracer saboted Red Sabot
Sabot &
.50 cal light armor None & Silver
Silver
penetrator Piercing Penetrator
Penetrator
ammunition Tracer
Munitions are assigned to one of thirteen SCGs based on ammunition and explosives
storage principles and mixed storage considerations. The SCGs are discussed in detail
in this appendix.
GROUP A
E-2. Group A consists of bulk initiating explosives with sufficient sensitivity to heat, friction, or
percussion to qualify them for use as initiating elements in an explosive train. Examples of initiating
explosives are wet lead azide, wet lead styphnate, wet mercury fulminate, wet tetacene, and dry RDX and
PETN.
GROUP B
E-3. Group B consists of detonators and similar initiating devices not containing two or more independent
safety features. Examples include detonators, blasting caps, small arms primers, and fuzes.
GROUP C
E-4. Group C consists of bulk propellants, propelling charges, and devices containing propellant with or
without means of ignition. Upon initiation, these items will deflagrate, explode, or detonate. They include
single-, double-, and triple-base and composite propellants; rocket motors (solid propellants); and
ammunition with inert projectiles.
GROUP D
E-5. Group D includes black powder, HE, and ammunition containing HE without its own means of
initiation and without propelling charge, or a device containing an initiating explosive and containing two
or more independent safety features. Munitions in this category can be expected to explode or detonate
when any item or component is initiated except for devices containing initiating explosives with
independent safety features. Examples include bulk TNT, Comp B, black powder, and wet RDX or PETN,
bombs, projectiles, CBUs, depth charges, and torpedo warheads. Black powder saluting charges, torpedo
warheads, and fuses with two or more safeing features are also part of this group.
GROUP E
E-6. Group E consists of ammunition containing HE without its own means of initiating and with
propelling charge. Examples include artillery ammunition, rockets, or guided missiles.
GROUP F
E-7. Group F consists of ammunition containing HE with its own means of initiation and with or without
propelling charge. Examples are grenades, sounding devices, and similar items having an inline explosive
train in the initiator.
GROUP G
E-8. Group G consists of fireworks; illuminating, incendiary, or smoke munitions (including HC); or tear-
producing, incendiary smoke (including JIC), or sound effects. This category does not include munitions
that are water-actuated or that contain white phosphorus or flammable liquid or gel. Examples of Group G
munitions are flares, signals, incendiary or illuminating ammunition, and other smoke- or tear-producing
devices.
GROUP H
E-9. Group H munitions contain fillers that are spontaneously flammable when exposed to the
atmosphere. These include white phosphorus, plasticized white phosphorus, or other pyrophoric material.
GROUP J
E-10. Group J munitions contain both explosives and flammable liquids or gels other than those that are
spontaneously flammable when exposed to water or the atmosphere. Examples include liquid-or gel-filled
incendiary ammunition, FAE devices, flammable liquid-fueled missiles, and torpedoes.
GROUP K
E-11. Group K munitions contain both explosives and toxic chemical agents. Items in this category contain
chemicals specifically designed for incapacitating effects more severe than lachrymation (i.e., excessive
secretion of tears). They include artillery or mortar ammunition, fuzed or unfuzed; and grenades, rockets,
or bombs filled with lethal or incapacitating chemical agents.
GROUP L
E-12. Group L is comprised of munitions not included in other compatibility groups. Types presenting
similar hazards may be stored together but not mixed with other groups. Examples include water-activated
devices, prepackaged liquid-fueled rocket engines, FAE, TEA, and damaged or suspect munitions of any
group.
GROUP N
E-13. Group N consists of munitions containing only EIDs. Examples are bombs and warheads.
GROUP S
E-14. Group S contains munitions that present no specific hazards. Included in this category is
ammunition designed or packed to confine or contain any explosive effect to the item or package. If the
package has been degraded by fire, all blasts will be limited to the extent that they do not significantly
hinder firefighting. An incident may destroy all items in a single pack but must not be communicated to
other packs so that all are destroyed. Examples of Group S munitions are thermal batteries, explosive
switches or valves, and other items packaged to meet group criteria.
MEANS OF INITIATION
E-15. A munitions item with its own means of initiation is one that has a normal initiating device
assembled to it. This configuration presents a significant risk during storage because detonation can occur
during accidental functioning of the device. However, the term does not apply when the initiating device is
packaged in such a way as to eliminate the risk of detonation or when fuzed end items are configured and
packaged to prevent arming. If safety features are in place to prevent initiation or detonation of the
explosive filler, the initiating device may be assembled to munitions.
E-17. When evaluating storage compatibility criteria, consider the following points, if relevant:
Compliance with compatibility criteria is not required for mission essential or operationally
necessary quantities of explosives in HC/D 1.4 or 6.1 (excluding toxic chemical munitions); up
to 100 pounds NEW HC/D 1.3; and up to 50 pounds NEW HC/D (04)1.2. See DA Pam 385-64
for Q-D requirements.
Equal numbers of separately packaged components of complete rounds of any single type of
ammunition may be stored together. When so stored, compatibility is that of the assembled
round (i.e., WP filler in Group H, HE filler in Groups D, E, or F as appropriate.
Munitions that do not contain explosives but do contain substances properly belonging to
another U.N.HC/D may be assigned to the same compatibility group as items containing
explosives and the same substances. They may also be stored with them.
DA may authorize munitions items designated Practice by NSN and nomenclature to be stored
with the fully loaded munitions they simulate.
The ACOM may authorize the mixing of compatibility groups (except items in Groups A, K,
and L) in quantities not exceeding 1,000 pounds NEW per storage site.
For purposes of mixing, all items must be packaged in approved storage containers. Items
must not be unpackaged at the storage location.
Groups B and F munitions will be segregated in storage from articles of other groups by
means that effectively prevent propagation.
If dissimilar HC/D 1.6, SCG N munitions (such as MK 82 and MK 84 bombs) are mixed
together and have not been tested to assure non-propagation, the mixed munitions are
considered to be HC/D 1.2, SCG D for purposes of transportation and storage. See DA Pam
385-64 about changing Q-D class/divisions when mixing SCG N munitions with SCG B
through G.
Ammo Handler Travel to/from count location (incl. bunker security, key ctrl.)
Verification of DA Form 3151-R & Counts
Loads ammunition.
Add blocking, bracing
Update DA Form 3020-R.
Prepare Light boxes
(Pull ammo to repacking facility, Create Light Boxes (incl.
marking), Store remaining ammo/light box)
QASAS or Ammunition Inspector Performs Haz 12 Vehicle Inspection (Ammo LADEN)
Admin Verification Count (loaded ammo)
Acct. Off Verifies posting of shipment.
Stock Ctrl Prepare Paperwork (DA Form 3151-R & DD Form 1348-1A)
and document in SAAS-MOD
Burn RIF Tag
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
These documents contain relevant supplemental information.
ARMY PUBLICATIONS
AR 5-13, Total Army Munitions Requirements Process and Prioritization System, 17 December 2009
AR 50-6, Nuclear and Chemical Weapons and Materiel, Chemical Surety, 28 July 2008
AR 75-1, Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives, 20 December 2012
AR 95-27, Operational Procedures for Aircraft Carrying Hazardous Materials, 11 November 1994
AR 190-11, Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition and Explosives, 15 November 2006
AR 190-59, Chemical Agent Security Program, 10 April 2012
AR 380-67, The Department of the Army Personnel Security Program, 9 September 1988
AR 385-10, Army Safety Program, 23 August 2007
AR 702-6, Ammunition Stockpile Reliability Program, 23 June 2009
AR 710-2, Supply Policy below the National Level, 28 March 2008
AR 735-5, Property Accountability Policies, 10 May 2013
AR 735-11-2, Reporting of Supply Discrepancies, 6 August 2001
AR 740-1, Storage and Supply Activity Operations, 26 August 2008
DA Pam 350-38, Standards in Training Commission, 19 November 2012
DA Pam 385-1, Small Unit Safety Officer/NCO Guide, 10 November 2008
DA Pam 385-64, Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards, 24 May 2011
DA Pam 710-2-1, Using Unit Supply System (Manual Procedures), 31 December 1997
DA Pam 710-2-2, Supply Support Activity Supply System: Manual Procedures, 30 September 1998.
FM 4-30.1, Munitions Distribution in the Theater of Operations, 16 December 2003
SB 742-1, Inspection of Supplies and Equipment Ammunition Surveillance Procedures, 1 September
2008
TB 9-1300-278, Guidelines for Safe Response to Handling, Storage, and Transportation Accidents
Involving Army Tank Munitions or Armor which Contain Depleted Uranium, 21 July 1996
TB 43-0142, Safety Inspection and Testing of Lifting Devices, 28 February 1997
TB MED 502, Occupational and Environmental Health Respiratory Protection Program, 15 February
1982
TM 9-1300-200, Ammunition, General, 3 October 1969
TM 9-1300-250, Ammunition Maintenance, 25 September 1969
TM 9-1375-200/2, Use of Mine, Anittank: HE, Heavy, M15, as a Substitute for Charge Assembly
Demolition: M37 or M183, 14 June 1971
TM 38-250, Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments, 1 September 2009
TM 43-0001-47, Army Equipment Data Sheets, Ammunition Peculiar Equipment (APE), 22 December
1993.
REFERENCED FORMS
DA Form 581, Request For Issue and Turn-in of Ammunition.
DA Form 581-1, Request for Issue and Turn-in of Ammunition (Continuation Sheet).
DA Form 984-R, Munitions Surveillance Report.
RAYMOND T. ODIERNO
General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
GERALD B. O'KEEFE
Acting Administrative Assistant
to the Secretary of the Army
1313001
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and United States Army Reserve: Not to be distributed; electronic
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