Construction of Residential Building Required Following Paper Work Before The Start of Actual Construction

Construction of residential building required following paper work before the start of
actual construction. These steps are;
1. Preparation of drawings as per requirements of consumers.

2. Estimation of material cost, labor cost & contingencies.
3. Approval of drawings & estimates from Client.
4. Approval of drawings from City Development Authority. It is most important
because residential building drawings should meet the authority defined rules.
5. Start of construction work either through contractor or labor hired on daily basis.
6. Marking of plot boundaries.
7. Cleaning of plot.
8. Preparation of site layout as per drawing.
After the completion of documentation work, the actual construction on plot begins.
Following are the steps;
EARTH WORK
Generally excavation is carried out for the construction of wall foundations.
Excavation should be carried out as per the drawings defined lengths & widths. After
excavation, layout the foundation and backfill the remaining excavated area around
foundation with soil.
Floor levels of residential buildings are higher than the natural ground level. Fill the
area with soil up to floor levels and compact the soil. Now earth work of residential
building is finished.
CONCRETE WORK IN FOUNDATION
It is very necessary to check the levels of foundation before concrete work. There are
patches where excavated depth slightly exceeds and vice versa. Level the foundation
base to same level. Now pour the concrete as per drawing specs. Generally concrete of
ratio 1:4:8 is used for foundation. Sometimes it is even 1:5:10 or 1:6:20.
Here 1:4:8 means;

1 part cement per cubic
4 parts of sand per cubic
8 parts of coarse aggregates
Depth of foundation varies from 9 to 18 and normally for most of the cases it is
considered as 12 depth. Keep foundation width equals to its depth.
DAMP PROOF COARSE (D.P.C)
To protect walls from moisture, a layer of damp proof coarse material is laid down at
floor level. Thickness of this concrete layer is 0f 1 inch. Material of damp proof
coarse layer consists of concrete ratio 1:1.5:3 with a mixture of water proof material
1kg/bag.
MASONRY WORK
Masonry work is carried out with cement mortar. Cement mortar is a mixture of
cement & sand. Ratio of cement mortar varies from 1:4 to 1:6. Here (1:6) mean, 1 part
cement and 6 parts of sand. Dampen about 25 bricks with a hose pipe and clean away
all loose dirt from the top of footing and moisten about a meter of surface at one end
of the foundation with the hose pipe. Throw a mortar line just behind the threaded
level line and lay bricks on the mortar bed. Make sure bricks exactly follow the
threaded horizontal level line.
LINTEL
Masonry work of buildings is carried out in one go till roof. Openings for windows &
doors are left during masonry works. Reinforced cement concrete beams are laid
down on the top of openings. So, those loads of structure above openings not directly
come on to the door frames.
ROOFING
Roof slab of building is poured after completion of masonry works. Now a days,
roofing is of reinforced cement concrete slab. Slab thickness & reinforcement details
should be according to approved drawings.
PLASTERING & POINTING

Form work is removed after 14 days of slab pouring. Now plaster work begins. Mortar
for plaster work is generally of 1:3 or 1:4 is used. Thickness of plaster layer should
not be more than 0.75inch. Cure the surface about 7 days. So that, plaster gain proper
strength.
Generally, internal walls of buildings are covered with plastered layer and external
walls with pointing. It is better plaster the external walls rather than pointing.
DOORS & WINDOWS

Traditionally, doors and windows of woods are used. But, steel & aluminum is also
not a bad choice. In case of wooden doors & windows, frames are fixed in walls
during masonry work. Panels are then fixed with hinges after plaster work. Steel and
aluminum doors are fixed after completion of paint work.
SERVICES
Services are very important for every single house. Different types of services are
provided during construction. These are Electricity supply, gas supply, water supply,
sanitary etc. Conduits for electric supply are fixed in walls before plastering. Similarly
water supply and sanitary lines are also laid before pouring of building floor. Note
that gas lines are not fixed in walls or slabs. Gas line remains open in air.

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Construction of Residential Building Required Following Paper Work Before The Start of Actual Construction

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What are the main steps involved in the construction of a residential building?

What materials and ratios are commonly used for building foundations?

Construction of residential building required following paper work before the start of

actual construction. These steps are;

1. Preparation of drawings as per requirements of consumers.

Here 1:4:8 means;

PLASTERING & POINTING

DOORS & WINDOWS

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