Language and Brain
Language and Brain
Language and Brain
Brocas Area
Egyptians reported
speech loss after blow
to head 3000 years ago
Broca (1861) finds
damage to left inferior
frontal region (Brocas
area) of a language
impaired patient, in
postmortem analysis
Language Disorders (2) Name of Institution
In language disorders
90-95% of cases, damage is to the left
hemisphere
5-10% of cases, to the right hemisphere
Wada test is used to determine the
hemispheric dominance
Sodium amydal is injected to the carotid artery
First to the left and then to the right
Language Disorders (3) Name of Institution
Paraphasia:
Substitution of a word by a sound, an incorrect
word, or an unintended word
Neologism:
Paraphasia with a completely novel word
Nonfluent speech:
Talking with considerable effort
Agraphia:
Impairment in writing
Alexia:
Disturbances in reading
Three major types of Aphasia Name of Institution
Rosenzweig: Table 19.1, p. 615
Borcas aphasia
Nonfluent speech
Wernickes aphasia
Fluent speech but unintelligible
Global aphasia
Total loss of language
Others: Conduction, Subcortical, Transcortical
Motor/Sensory (see also Kandel, Table 59-1)
Brain areas involved in
Language
Name of Institution
Wernicke-Geschwind Model Name of Institution
1. Repeating a spoken word
Left-hemisphere: Right-hemisphere:
Simultaneous analysis
Sequential analysis Synthetic
Analytical Visual-Spatial skills
Problem solving Cognitive maps
Language Personal space
Facial recognition
Drawing
Emotional functions
Recognizing emotions
Expressing emotions
Music
Split-brain Name of Institution