Investigatory Project Cbse 12th
Investigatory Project Cbse 12th
Investigatory Project Cbse 12th
CHENNAI 600036
SUBMITTED BY:
MAHESH WARAN V
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Certificate
This is to certify that this Biology
Investigatory Project on the topic Drug
Addiction has been successfully completed by
Mahesh of class XII A under the guidance
of Ms.Vedapathi in particular fulfilment of
the curriculum of Central Board of
Secondary Education {CBSE} leading to the
award of annual examination of the year
2017-18.
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Index
S.No. Content Page
No.
Certificate/bon 2
afide
2. Aim/Objective 6
5. Classification of Drugs 9
10. Alcohol 15
11. Conclusion 17
12. Bibliography 17
14. End of project 18
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5
Objective
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Project Report on Drugs
Dependence
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INTRODUCTION TO
"DRUGS ADDICTION"
Meaning of Addiction
Addiction is the habitual, psychological and physiological dependence on
a substance or practice. Which is beyond voluntary control. A person who
is habituated to a substance or a practice, especially a harmful one, is called
an addict.
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Classification of Drugs
There are a large number of drugs on which people become dependent.
These are classified into four major groups: sedatives and tranquilizers,
opiate narcotics, stimulants and hallucinogens.
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Combinations of Drugs and
Alcohol
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How does drug
addiction begin?
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Social Disease - Smoking,
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Tobacco
Sources:
It is a native of South Africa, where the
Red Indian first started smoking. Now
the tobacco plant has spread the world
over. It has large, quote to lanceolate
leaves and terminal clusters of tubular, white or pink flowers.
Modes of Use:
Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and snuffing. Its main
stimulating component is poisonous volatile alkaloid nicotine,
which causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots of the
plant but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8%
nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars, cigarettes, biddies,
pipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. The cigar is a roll of
tobacco leaf. The cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper. Bidi is
tobacco wrapped. In a piece of leaf. Tobacco smoke is drawn
directly from the pipe and through water is hubble-bubble. Smoking
may give some temporary relief to the strained nerves but in the
long run, it proves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity of
nicotine contained in one cigar may prove fatal if injected
intravenously into a person. When smoked only 10% of the smoke
is inhaled. Hence, no immediate ill effect is observed. Smokers may
develop a physiological craving for nicotine and then they cannot
give up smoking.
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Effect of Nicotine:
Nicotine is a low concentration.
(i) Stimulates conduction of nerve
impulses.
(ii) Relaxes the muscles.
(iii) Releases adrenaline, increasing heart beat rate and pressure.
(iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chances the risk of
heart diseases.
(v) Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers and
(vi) Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of nicotine
paralyzes nerve cells.
Other Harmful components of Tobacco Smoke:
Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco smoke contains carbon-
monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and tar.
Other Effects:
(i) Smoking effects economy: A smoker not only waste money but
also runs the risk of burns and fires.
(ii) Smoking mars personality: Teeth may become stained. Lips may
get discolored and breath becomes foul. A person with a cigarette
hanging from the mouth looks odd.
(iii) Smoking is annoying to others: Cigarette smoke is quite
annoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful to
them. A smoker should avoid smoking. When in the company of
non-smokers. A smoker makes the person nearby persons passive
smokers through inhaling smoke released by him.
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Alcohol
Sources:
Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colorless liquid having a penetrating
odour and burning taste. It is one of the products of the distillation of
fermented grains, fruit juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It
is the principal constituent and the intoxicating principle of wines.
Modes of Use:
Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy, and wine and in
relatively high concentration as arrack, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, vodka
etc.
Addiction:
Addiction to alcohol is called alcoholism. Alcoholics are found in all society
section of society. Alcohol causes intoxication and thus, acts as a poison.
They drinkers begin with small doses, but many of them soon start
consuming large doses and become addicts. By the time they realize that
drinking in adversely affecting them, it is too late to give it up.
Why People Take to Drinking:
The drinkers offer one or more of the following reasons for starting drinking.
(i) Social pressure
(ii) Desire for excitement
(iii) Feeling of independence
(iv) Liking of taste
(v) Desire to escape from such realities of life as disappointments and
failures and
(vi) The desire to offset the hardships and monotony of daily life.
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What happens when Alcohol is
consumed?
Alcohol is quickly absorbed in
the stomach and upper part of
small intestine and reaches all
the tissues in minutes. Its
oxidation starts at once and a
large amount of heat in
produced. Since heat is not
needed in the body, it is taken up by the blood and carried to the skin for
dissipation. Since the receptors of heat are located in the skin, the rush of
blood to the skin gives a false impression of warmth in the body. The blood
supply of internal organs is greatly reduced resulting in fall of temperature
in them. The energy released by alcohol is not used in any life process.
Rather the energy derived from food is used up in ridding the body of excess
heat.
Is Alcohol A Stimulant?
Many people take alcohol for stimulation. Actually, alcohol is a depressant,
a substance which dulls the senses. It reduces the efficiency of every tissue
the body. Any feeling of lift a person may claim to feel is a mistaken
impression or an attempt to justify the act in his own mind.
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Conclusions
Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the
world. Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve policies
to reduce the harm that the use of tobacco, alcohol and other
psychoactive drugs impose on society.
Bibliography
See H. Abadinsky, Drug Abuse (1989); H. T. Milhorn, Jr., Chemical
Dependence (1990); D. Baum, Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and
the Politics of Failure (1996); M. Massing, The Fix (1998); J. Jonnes,
Hepcats, Narcs, and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's Romance with
Illegal Drugs (1999); publications of the Drugs & Crime Data Center and
Clearinghouse, the Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse, and the
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information.
NCERT Class 12 Lab Manual
https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.google.co.in
https://www.scribd.com
https://www.slideshare.com
Class 12 NCERT Textbook
Reference articles from various blogs.
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End of
Project
Thank you!
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