Library Bdu
Library Bdu
Library Bdu
SUPERVISOR
Dr.R.BALASUBRAMANI
I further declare that this project has not been previously prepared
Place : Trichy
Date : (SURENDAR.P)
CERTIFICATE
part of this work has been submitted for the award of any other degree
or diploma.
Dr.S.SRINIVASARAGAVAN
Dr.R.BALASUBRAMANI
Professor & HOD, DLIS
Supervisor & Guide, DLIS
Bharathidasan University
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli 620 024
Tiruchirappalli-620 024
Tamilnadu, India
Tamilnadu, India.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
throughout my project.
A.Rajendran, Dr. C. Kokila, Dr. P.Jayanthi and other Library staff and
M. Phil. Scholar and Juniors for helping me as a resource person and providing
for their suggestions and great support to complete the project successfully.
Place : Trichy
Date :
(SURENDAR.P)
4
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 01
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 19
3 RESEARCH DESIGN 33
4 OVERVIEW OF DSPACE 38
DIGITAL COLLECTIONS OF U.G./PG QUESTION
5 PAPER AT BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY 46
LIBRARY
6 CONCLUSION 62
BIBLIOGRAPHIES 63
5
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Library is moving away from traditional library towards the creation and
traditional formats like books, journals, maps, Questions, News paper clippings,
New formats being the core elements of digital collection have emerged such as
multimedia, hypertext, dynamic pages, interactive video, etc. Each format poses
Storing, indexing, preserving, and redistributing content with ease of use and
web-based user interface are some of the core challenges of any digital library
formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible via
computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via
6
electronic storage and transmission of recorded knowledge. New challenges and
price hike of the national and International journals, fluctuations in currency rate,
demand.
user can witness the chances in attitudes and the role of librarians evolving to
Bharathidasan University Library is to provide an online access and for long term
component for information and knowledge sharing in the scholarly world. With
with the time solely as a place to store, organize and access content. An
institutional repository is not simply a fixed set of software and hardware but an
essential tool for intellectual life and scholarship of the institute where its
7
contents can be represented, documented and shared in digital form. The
publication venues.
by the faculty, research staff, and students of an institution and accessible to end
users both within and outside of the institution, with few if any barriers to access
materials, as these are freely available to the scholars and peer groups. An
Academic repositories
repositories of the institution's books, papers, theses, and other works which can
be digitized or were 'born digital'. Many of these repositories are made available
to the general public with few restrictions, in accordance with the goals of open
the publishers often limit access rights. Institutional, truly free, and corporate
8
Digital archives
Having unique contents the technology used to create digital libraries is even
more revolutionary for archives since it breaks down the second and third of
these general rules. In other words, "digital archives" or "online archives" will
still generally contain primary sources, but they are likely to be described
because they are digital their contents are easily reproducible and may indeed
have been reproduced from elsewhere. The Oxford Text Archive is generally
materials.
The future
9
Large scale digitization projects are underway at Google, the Million Book
are rapidly growing in popularity. Just as libraries have ventured into audio and
video collections, so have digital libraries such as the Internet Archive. Google
Books project recently received a court victory on proceeding with their book-
scanning project that was halted by the Authors' guild. This helped open the road
for libraries to work with Google to better reach patrons who are accustomed to
digital information. One factor that gave Google an advantage is the librarys fair
Research Initiatives, "all the problems associated with digital libraries are
wrapped up in archiving." He goes on to state, "If in 100 years people can still
read your article, we'll have solved the problem." Daniel Acts, author of The
is digital.
" Peter Lyman and Hal Varian, information scientists at the University of
California, Berkeley, estimate that "the world's total yearly production of print,
10
film, optical, and magnetic content would require roughly 1.5 billion gigabytes of
storage." Therefore, they believe that "soon it will be technologically possible for
Searching
be found. These resources are typically deep web (or invisible web) resources
since they frequently cannot be located by search engine crawlers. Some digital
libraries create special pages or sitemaps to allow search engines to find all their
resources. Digital libraries frequently use the Open Archives Initiative Protocol
libraries, and search engines like Google Scholar, Yahoo! and Scirus can also use
OAI-PMH to find these deep web resources. There are two general strategies for
federation. The results are gathered, duplicates are eliminated or clustered, and
the remaining items are sorted and presented back to the client. Protocols like
that the resource-intensive tasks of indexing and storage are left to the respective
11
database, making it difficult to assemble a combined result consisting of the most
searching a locally stored index of information that has previously been collected
from the libraries in the federation. When a search is performed, the search
mechanism does not need to make connections with the digital libraries it is
regularly, connecting to all the digital libraries and querying the whole collection
is that the search mechanism has full control over indexing and ranking
expensive.
stored".
and mined. A repository can be a where multiple databases or files are located
12
for distribution over a network or a repository can be a location that is
scale projects
aids
Digitization of Information
where the infrastructure to send and receive is in place. This new access
technology is not only expected seriously to alter the way libraries acquire and
13
as a new emerging technology is an area in which preservationist have more
concerns. As ICT, is the part of the digital library activities, the digitization has
printed analog. There are many methods of digitizing and varied media to be
digitized. However, the main focus rests primarily on texts and images, as these
are the main objects in the digitization process; therefore, it refers to the
issues like, scanning and image capture, necessary hardware and software
selection that are crucial for the process of digitization are briefly discussed in the
succeeding sections.
Frameworks
Reference Model (Agnostic, et al., 2006) and the Streams, Structures, Spaces,
Scenarios, Societies (5S) formal framework. The Reference Model for an Open
preservation
14
Software
libraries, for notable ones see Digital library software. Institutional repository
the case with the Library of Congress which uses Dig board and CTS to manage
digital content.
Digitization
In the past few years, procedures for digitizing books at high speed and
comparatively low cost have improved considerably with the result that it is now
Advantages
accessing books, archives and images of various types are now widely recognized
by commercial interests and public bodies alike. Traditional libraries are limited
by storage space; digital libraries have the potential to store much more
information, simply because digital information requires very little physical space
to contain it. As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library can be much lower
15
than that of a traditional library. A physical library must spend large sums of
money paying for staff, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. Digital
libraries may reduce or, in some instances, do away with these fees. Both types of
library require cataloguing input to allow users to locate and retrieve material.
conventional libraries may consider that providing online access to their OPAC
accessibility to users. They also increase availability to individuals who may not
affiliation.
No physical boundary
The user of a digital library need not to go to the library physically; people
from all over the world can gain access to the same information, as long as an
A Major advantage of digital libraries is that people can gain access 24/7
to the information.
Multiple accesses
16
The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of institutions and
patrons. This may not be the case for copyrighted material: a library may have a
license for "lending out" only one copy at a time; this is achieved with a system
Information retrieval
The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title, name, and
subject) to search the entire collection. Digital libraries can provide very user-
but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that would
analog materials do not. Please see the following "Problems" section of this
page for examples. Space whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage
space, digital libraries have the potential to store much more information,
contain them and media storage technologies are more affordable than ever
before.
17
Added value
improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as
Digital preservation
Main article: Digital preservation Digital preservation aims to ensure that digital
media and information systems are still interpretable into the indefinite future.
Typically lower levels of systems (disks for example) are emulated, bit-streams
(the actual files stored in the disks)are preserved and operating systems are
emulated as a virtual machine. Only where the meaning and content of digital
the case for office documents. However, at least one organization, the Wider Net
library contains a built-in proxy server and search engine so the digital materials
can be accessed using an Internet browser. Also, the materials are not preserved
The granary is intended for use in places or situations where Internet connectivity
18
In the past, IBM issued Digital Library Software in 1991 to manage collection
storage, maintenance, retrieval and display digital content. This was the first
effort towards the digital repository software and it showed path to other.
digitals repositories with readily available open source cord; here some brief
DSpace:
DSpace is being popularly used worldwide to meet many digital archiving needs.
dissertations. Once entered into the system, DSpace indexed the content and
provide a way to link to the originals. DSpace plays well with open standards
19
such as XML and OAIPMH. If a large number of institutions of higher education
where to capture their intellectual output using DSpace or some other similar
Eprints:
Fedora:
Science and University of Virginia Library as project. The Fedora projects goal is
Greenstone:
20
Greenstone (http://www.greenstone.org) is software for building and
New Zealand Digital Library Project at University of Waikato and developed and
distributed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info: An NGO. It has
Public License. Greenstone not only serves and harvests documents and
collections over OAI-PMH but also exports to or imports collections from METS
via the Web. It also enables implementers to save their collections to CDs. Thus
the digital library collections can be distributed to people with poor or not
Internet access. Greenstone knows how to create collections from standard file
formats such as HTML files, email messages, PDF documents, JPEG and GIF
images, Word documents, as well as plain text files. If the sets of files are well
structured, then Greenstone will create things like A-Z list of resources, and field
Spaced out from the above Open Source Software, some commercially
21
developed software also available for digital repository. The name of few is
VITAL:
resources that were once only available at a single location and to a finite number
encounter, this technology grants access to materials for all authorized end-users,
CONTENTdm:
historical societies.
22
In order to information accesses through electronic media have a lot of
impact on the libraries and library users. Almost all the librarians have been
facilitated to develop new strategy for administration the IT sector. This study
end users.
CHAPTER- II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
23
building institutional repositories. Among those, the interestingly referred
conceptual works done by each authors of the articles are described in the
followings,
findings and improve their research impact offering them different channels and
options such as access to scientific and scholarly journals, publish in OA, use of
the challenges and the opportunities offered by OA and digital repositories for
researchers and institutions. Also, the paper provide a summary of the experience
academic librarians' views of their work and possibilities regarding support for
being dealt with in particular. Methods used are highly qualitative; data was
gathered at two Swedish university libraries over a six month period through
indicate that attitudes are often in collision with practicalities in the daily work in
libraries. Even though they have a high degree of knowledge and awareness of
24
scholarly publication patterns, librarians often feel insecure in the approach of
support, a change which also includes a regained prominence for new forms of
among librarians are felt as being important in developing further support for
researchers' publishing.
humanities scholars that an institutional repository (IR) can address. It also asks
what concerns humanists have about IRs, and whether there is a repository model
other than an institutional one that better suits how they work. Humanists make
relatively low use of existing IRs, but this research indicates that an institutional
repository can offer services to humanities faculty that are desired by them,
especially the digitization, online storage, curation, and sharing of their research
faculty, and designed consciously with their needs and concerns in mind, an IR
publishing.
Jean, B. t., Soo Young, R., Yakel, E., and Markey, K. (2011) explained
25
twenty IR end-users recruited through five IRs to discover how they characterize
the IR, how/why they use the IR, their credibility judgments in relation to the IR,
and their willingness to return to and/or recommend the IR. Despite our small
sample size, we were able to ascertain that IR end-users, although not yet loyal
IR devotees, recognize their value and unique nature. Our findings also revealed
University's library catalog into Dublin Core (DC) records for digital resources
batch loaded into the Knowledge Bank, The Ohio State University's institutional
repository. Two projects are described to illustrate the processes and workflows:
the open-access monographs of The Ohio State University Press and the
oral history collections of The Ohio State University Byrd Polar Research Center
Archival Program.
using open source software. IUB faculty and research scholars will be able to
publish their research output in the proposed IR and make it globally visible.
26
utilization especially of nascent micro thoughts and its mechanism in
contemporary digital arena. The paper includes concepts, definitions and types of
knowledge and KM and IR. It provides criteria, structural design and functions of
an effective tool for KM in higher learning institutes and universities with the
managers who established them, and from the perspective of the academic
community.
address issues surrounding the measurement of usage of scholarly articles that are
protocols for tracking, recording, and consolidating usage data consistent with the
27
describes their characteristics in terms of types, contents, disciplines, language,
technical and operational issues, and policy. The web performance of Asian
2.0, the other not) are used within the same institution. Results indicate that the
such as research journal articles, before (pre prints) and after (post prints)
undergoing peer review, and digital versions of theses and dissertations, but it
might also include other digital assets generated by normal academic life, such as
28
information and knowledge sharing in the scholar world.
deposit as scholars have very little time to self-archive. So far, however, usability
University Milano-Bicocca.
Repository, their Benefits, and Essential Elements of IR. And Author has also
discussed about the softwares that are easily available to create and maintain an
discussed in brief.
Hyun Hee Kim and Yong Ho Kim (2008) explained to adapt to improve
29
Thecollection process of different data types, processing and depositing the same
issues that it was necessary to consider, the choices made and the challenges
overcome.
the paper considers the automated export of theses for deposit in the archival
theses.
administrative and technical staff from libraries and campuses, with little input
from reference librarians and subject specialists. Reference librarians have vital
30
and retrieve the scholarly content from them.
They are born out of problems with the current scholarly communication model
global knowledge pool. This paper presents the results of an effort to develop an
of the Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) trough the Scholars Portal
repository. This paper describes and underlines the features of the flexible and
powerful platform that helped us model the service, and delineates policies and
31
the insights that the staff of the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) Libraries
(Wallace Library, RIT Archives, and the Cary Collection) gained into the role of
content that might be suitable for institutional repositories, and notes that several
recent Australian reports have recommended the need for a more standardised
that can be preserved and exploited. This article briefly outlines the need for
repositories such as Dspace, their role, benefits and drawbacks. It concludes that
repositories are key to the ability of institutions to respond to future needs for
32
a service to their communities. MIT's introduction of DSpace as an operating
service illustrates the many political and organizational considerations that must
this article describes the kinds of questions future implementers of DSpace will
want to answer. It also outlines the impacts the service has had on the library, on
REFERENCE
33
Albu, . N., & Predescu, C. (2013). New trends for information
of Academic Librarianship,
Jean, B. t., Soo Young, R., Yakel, E., & Markey, K. (2011). Unheard
72(1), 21-42.
Bangladesh.
47(5), 507-516.
34
Cullen, R., & Chawner, B. (2010). Institutional repositories: Assessing
22(4), 26-32.
35
Poornimai N, Jayashree S and Indrani V (2007). Institutional
Repository
284.
Jonathan Bell, Stuart Lewis, (2006). "Using OAI-PMH and METS for
"Content in, content out: the dual roles of the reference librarian in
37(3), 169-178.
36
institutional repositories on reference librarians", Reference Services
pp.96 101.
CHAPTER-II
37
RESEARCH DESIGN
OBJECTIVIES
of Bharathidasan University.
To scan and convert the entire printed P.G Question Papers in to the digital
SCOPE
our objectives for providing online access to digital versions subjects of question
University Library and defines our considerations when digitizing for public
access.
METHODOLOGY
after that questions converted in to digital format with the help of Scanner (HP
38
Scanjet 2400 with inbuilt OCR Software). Moreover Building Collection used
Apache 2.0.54
Tomcat 5.0.28
PostgreSQL 8.0.2
COLLECTIONS
record there have been 9521 collections in that 513 of the collection belongs to
Sank, HRM (42),Journalism and music, and women studies (24) are uploaded
39
The following are the tables that explains the total number of the
collections that uploaded for the project, Department wise classification of each
subject and its category and year wise classification of each subject.
Long time Preservation and Metadata BDU Chosen DSpace which is designed
community has its own customized user portal that can use the community's own
structured digital library including a very powerful search and retrieval engine.
BDU Server.
Prerequisites:
Once the registers, the deposition process of Dspace has the following field.
Subjects
The options for "start a new submission "and "view accepted submission"
been created by the researcher through the opening screens of the Institutional
screens are also developed. Sample data are entered in to the created institutional
repository design. The IR also been tested for its various functions through the
entered data.
41
ANALYSIS OF DATA
1 Bachelor of Zoology 30
technology
4 Bachelor of chemistry 48
Industrial Electronics
7 Bachelor of Tamil 40
Journalism
9 Master of history 66
10 Master of commerce 40
Total 513
42
CHAPTER IV
OVERVIEW OF DSPACE
INTRODUCTION
The Dspace is a joint project of the MIT Libraries and HP labs. Dspace is a
digital asset management system. It helps create, index and retrieve various forms
format. There are various reasons to choose this software Dspace is an open source
a service model for open access and/or digital archiving for perpetual access.
METADATA
DSpace uses a qualified Dublin Core metadata standard for describing items
three fields are required: title, language, and submission date, all other fields are
optional.
43
There are additional fields for document abstracts, keywords, and technical
metadata and rights metadata, among others. This metadata is displayed in the item
record in DSpace, and is indexed for browsing and searching the system (within a
currently exports metadata and digital material in a custom XML schema while we
work with the METS community to develop the necessary extension schemas for
USER INTERFACE
DSpace's current user interface is web-based. There are several interfaces: one for
submitters and others involved in the submission process, one for end-users
looking for information, and one for system administrators. The end-user or public
browsing or searching the metadata (all fields for now, and specific fields in the
clicking a link that causes the archived material to be downloaded to the user's web
browser.
44
"Web-native" formats (those which will display directly in a web browser or
with a plug-in) can be viewed immediately; others must be saved to the user's local
computer and viewed with a separate program that can interpret the file (e.g.,a
Work Flow
DSpace is the first open source digital repository system to tackle the
centers, have very different ideas of how material should be submitted to DSpace,
by whom, and with what restrictions. Who is allowed to deposit items? What type
of items will they deposit? Who else needs to review, enhance, or approve the
submission? To what collections can they deposit material? Who can see the items
representatives, working together with the Libraries' DSpace user support staff, and
are then modeled in a workflow for each collection to enforce their decisions, the
45
TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
DSpace was developed to be open source, and in such a way that institutions
and organizations with minimal resources could run it. The system is designed to
run on the UNIX platform, and comprises other open source middleware and tools,
and programs written by the DSpace team. All original code is in the Java
(PostgreSQL), a Web server and Java servlet engine (Apache and Tomcat, both
from the Apache Foundation), Jena (an RDF toolkit from HP Labs).
Goggle.
Storing reusable teaching materials that you can use with course
management systems.
personal website.
46
Keeping track of your own publications/bibliography.
Having a persistent network identifier for your work that never changes or
breaks.
No more page charges for images. You can point to your images persistent
by depositing files. DSpace was designed to handle any format from simple
Data files, also called bit streams, are organized together into related sets.
for browsing and searching. Items are organized into collections of logically
related material.
centers or schools.
47
DSpace is committed to going beyond reliable file preservation to offer
formats, media, and paradigms evolve over time for as many types of files as
possible.
The end-user interface supports browsing and searching the archives. Once
browser while other formats can be downloaded and opened with a suitable
application program.
FEATURES OF DSPACE
INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY
content.
The content can be organized into categories and sub-categories. Access can
ACCESS CONTROL
48
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
Dspace stores item meta data in the Dublin Core Metadata Schema. This
DSpace accepts any type of digital content, including: Some examples of items
that DSpace can accommodate are: Documents such as articles, preprints, working
Theses/Dissertations
Audio Files
Video Files
Datasets
Images
Technical Reports
Working Papers
Conference Papers
Preprints/Articles
Books
Text
49
PRESERVATION IN DSPACE
Bit preservation: ensures that a file remains exactly the same over time - not
a single bit is changed - while the physical media evolve around it.
Functional preservation: The file does change over time so that the material
References:
50
CHAPTER V
over some of the DL software, where populating the Institutional repository with
content, is done on the server hosting the digital library by the DL administrator,
after receiving the digital documents from authors by e-mail or some other
51
Institutional repository normally will have a moderation policy either to
submitters get an-mail informing the acceptance or rejection giving the reason. In
fact, D Space keeps the information on who submitted the document and who
Collection Building:
52
Collections of Bharathidasan University Institutional Repository:
E-Books [37]
Photos [146]
Syllabus [3]
53
This step is similar to the create collection as described before
Here there is only one title of item. It is never published to anywhere and
item is Contained in one file Author is a repeatable field in D Space. User can
increase the number of boxes for entering name of other authors by clicking Add
More button. Similarly, the name of author can be removed by clicking Remove
54
Communities and Collections
55
Start a New Collections starts a new submission. Communities and
avoid duplicate Collections by the user. See Your Subscription shows the
collection you subscribe. 1. Select the name of collection where user wants to
submit the document; in our case it is Test. The drop down menu shows all the
available collection. The list of the available collection depends on your digital
56
Collection Note:
Users can always quit the submission process at any stage of submission, by
clicking Cancel/ Save button. This allows user either to abandon submission or
resume the submission at a later date. In the above screen the following chain
indicates the submission process. There are 7 steps. This chain appears at the top
of all the succeeding screens. The node in red indicates the current screen of the
seven screens.
57
Here there is only one title of item. It is never published to anywhere and
increase the number of boxes for entering name of other authors by clicking Add
More button. Similarly, the name of author can be removed by clicking Remove
Creating Metadata
Similarly, the name of author can be removed by clicking Remove This Author
button.
58
Creating Metadata.
Note:
Title is mandatory field; the document must have a main title. Unless title
field.
Shift
Key of keyboard.
59
Note:
b. Title is mandatory field; the document must have a main title. Unless title field
c. 'Type is repeatable field. Multiple selections can be done using Control or Shift
Key of keyboard.
Upload the File Uploading file physically moves a copy of the file from your
machine to server.
60
The process is same as attaching an attachment to users mail.
users can select Click here if this is the wrong format button if the format
ofFile is wrong and selects the right format. Simultaneously you can select Click
here if this is the wrong file to upload other file in case the uploaded file is wrong.
61
Submit; Verify Submission
Grand License
62
This completes the submission of your document
63
The Question Bank for this searching is seen as below
Browsing:
University Library are different types. That is Browse by Subject; Browse by Title,
64
Browsing Subject
Browsing Title
65
Browsing Issue Date
Browsing Author
66
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
Digital libraries are not going to replace the physical existence of document
completely but no doubt to meet the present demand, to satisfy the non local user
The initial cost of digitization is high but experiment shows that ones digitization
is introduced then the cost to manage this collection will be cheaper than that of
any traditional library. Day by day the cost of digitization is decreasing, the online
environments its needless to say that after one or two years my library or your
library will go to be digitized so its the pick time to all informational and library
professional that they geared themselves to take the challenge. The possibility of
and provide right information to the right user at the right time. To fulfill this task
they build their Online Question Bank repositories. Many open source software are
available to build digital repositories. Dspace software is one of the open source
67
BIBLIOGRAPHY
23-27.
of Academic Librarianship,
Jean, B. t., Soo Young, R., Yakel, E., & Markey, K. (2011). Unheard
72(1), 21-42.
Bangladesh.
68
Thaker, U., Oza, N. (2010). Institutional Repository: An Effective tool for
47(5), 507-516.
69
Hyun Hee Kim, Yong Ho Kim, (2008). "Usability study of digital
284.
Jonathan Bell, Stuart Lewis, (2006). "Using OAI-PMH and METS for
in, content out: the dual roles of the reference librarian in institutional
37(3), 169-178.
70
Mircea, G. (2005). OZone: A shared institutional repository service. New
pp.96 101.
*****
71