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hifii " iiirfttffiifciii^.,.1
 CONFIDENTIAL

8-
S
N9 DES3M AMD DByELOPM™? oF O^™151

§
SA»T AMMtlMTTTOW TOR ASTILLERY WEAPONS
Prograa« Rep«»1* N?* ® /«v ,,-,,
Contract No. niü.-28-0[l7^01-0RD(P)-l531
PTOj»Ot No« TA1-5002 FC

AMEKICANMA CHINE & fOUMDRY COMPANY

AUG 23 1955
COMflBtHTIAl
55AA 34299
■•.:. ■.li: . -:- .': •■••.
 ..^~^Vf^mmimmmmmtV'-'~t' "■ - —.-^

NOTICE: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE

NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING

OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, U.S.C., SECTIONS 793 and 794.

THE TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION OF ITS CONTENTS IN

«
ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.
-———■.:- ■.—-
 CONflDENTJAt

DESBSSf AHD DE7BLOPMBHT OF OPTIMOM

SABOT AMfONITIOH TOR ARTILI35RY WEAPOKS
Progreoi Raport No* 8
ContrÄCt Mb, DAl-28-OX7-501-OHD(P)-l531
Pyp^at No» TA1-5002

Period Oovtrad - Itey 10, 1955 to Jono 9$ 1955

Froparod for
Fiomtimqr Arsenal
Davor, I«ir Jwaey

1011027

Jtmo 30, 1955

Copy Mo» i ^

ÄMiRiCÄM MACHINE & ?OIJHBH¥ €OMi

i I 04 SOU T H W ABASH AVENUE, CHICAGO E , 1 I L ! N O i

CONFIDENTIAL «u O r"i i\ Ü
 CONFIDENTIAL

EDSTRIBDriDN LIST

Copy No.

1-3 CoBsnamding General

Ficatiangr Arsenal
Dover» New Jersey
ATWt R&D Division
Contrast Section - 0RDBB-TE3

k Convraeting Officer - 0RDBB-FB1

$ -7 Office, Chief of Ordnance

Department of the Away
Pentagon Building
Washington 25* D. C.
ATTNs ORDIA

8 ATTNJ ORDIX=AR

9 Commanding Officer
Frankford Arsenal
Philadelphia 37» Pa.
ATTNs ORDBA~RE

10 Commanding General
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
ATTNs Dev. and Proof Services
Ballistics Research Lab.

11 Bureau of Ordnance
Department of the Navy
Washington 25, D. C.
ATTNs AD3* Tech. Library

12 Commanding Officer
Office of Ordnance Research
Box CM, Duke Station
Durham, N. C.

13 Commanding Officer
Watertown Arsenal
Watertovn, Massachusetts

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

:ONRDENTIAL
•mmmwFA HH

lf^}|j|>!JHiMI

Copy Ho«

lli-15 Armed SerwLses Teclmieal Information Agency

Docuaneiit Service Center
Knott Building
Daytoßj Ohio

16 Ghiefs Division 16
National Bureau of Standards
Oonno ATenae & Van Hess St., N»W«
Washington 2$s D» C«

17 Commanding Officer
Naval Ordnance Laboratory
White Oaks, Silver Spring, Maryland

18 Commander
Ü. So Naval Proving Ground
Dahlgren, Virginia

19 Commander
U, S.Naval Ordnance Test Station
P. 0. China Lake
Inyokem, California

20 Commanding General
Redstone Arsenal
Htmtsville, Alabama
ATTNs ORDBtf-R, Tedmical Library

21 Commanding General
Wright Air Development Center
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Dayton, Ohio

22 District Chief
New York Ordnance District
180 Varick Street
New York lit, N. T.

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

CONFIDENTIAL

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 CONFIDENTIAL

HESJJSN MD DEmOFMEMT OF OPTMM

SABOT AMMDHITIOH FOR ARTILIEHI MSAFONS

This is the eighth progress report (covering the period from May 10,

1955 to June 9, 1955) on "Design and Development ©f Optimum Sabot ünnranition

for Artillery Weapons", prepared hy the Mechanics Research Departments,

American Machine & Fonndry Company for Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, New Jersey.

The AMF personnel Tiho have contributed materially to this project

incl-odes A. Karbin, 7. Milenkovic and P. Rosenberg. A breakdown of the

number of man-hours expended is as followsg

Engineering 17U hours

Drafting 165 hours

339 hours

Respectfully submitted,

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANI

MECHANICS RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

l/. MA^^XAA- trv^(_

Vo Milenkovic
Research Engineer

APPROVED?

P. Rosenberg, Manager
Rockets & Missiles Grot?)

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

CONFIDENTIAL

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. mmSsm ■

SMNfrolNTt

I. DTCRODÜCTIDN
Sabot projectiles ueed in conventioral guns offer a number of adTantages
over the standard full-caliber projectiles;
Ä. Higher probability of first-round hit, due to higher velocity and
consequent shorter tine of flight»
B, Possibility of greater amor penetration due to higi striking
velocity, i.e. to the kinetic energy concentrated in a smaller

projectile area«
C. mterchangeability with standard rounds without alteration to

the gun.

The objective of this contract is to devslop the procedure leading to

the design of Sabot Amnmition of optiaum performance, to be used in various
conventional guns in the 75mm to 200mm caliber range. The actual design
will be carrx^d out for the 90mm T-119 gun, but the procedure shall be appli-

cable to the other guns mentioned.

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

CONRÖENTIAL -1 -

mm—mam
^^»SSf^^^^^^^^^^T

CONFIDENTIAL

II. SEPORT ON DESIGN SfODlES

The tqp-to-date design, AUF Ho. 1027=31s of the 90/$km HVAPDS projectile

and sabot assembly is shown in Figwe 1. This is the design planned for

manufacture of projectiles to be used in full scale firing tests. Detailing

of parts is in progress. According to the decisions reached at the meeting

of June 7 at the Picatinny Arsenal (see Appendix A)5 this design will be

carried out to the final test stage s if approved by the Arsenal* aaad if Hie

critical components pass the static pressure test.

Projectile and Sabot Assembly. The WC panetrator (A), Figure 1, is

brazed to the steel tail (B). The steel sleeve (G) and the aluminum sleeve

(D) are screwed on, whereby the slotted spacer ring (G) is also held in

place. In addition, sleeve (D) may be cemented tc the carbide (A). Cementing

the aluminum windshield tip (E) and screwing in the dummy tracer (F) completes

the projectile assembly.

The nylon rotating band (N) is held on the aluminum driving cup (K) by

threads. The magnesium front support tube (L) has a steel band (M) pressed

on, which runs against the gun bore. The projectile is firmly locked in

the carrier when the tube (L) is screwed into the cup (K), with the release

ring (H) captured between the tube (L) and the projectile tail. The tail

is seated in (K) at the- conical surface. A seal ring (J) may be used to

provide sealing until setback force produces a tight contact between (B)

and (K). A rubber obturator (0) provides sealing at the gun bore.

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

CONFIDENTIAL
 cormDENtiÄi

Operation. Daring acceleration in the gm» the kmirl at the conical

surface of the tail will bite into the cup (K). Setback of the projectile

will produce a clearance at the release ring (H), which dna to both setback

and centrifugal force will open tip and clear the projectile. Sleeve (C)

provides a shoulder to make the spacer ring (G) move out of the tube (L),

when the projectile starts separating from the carrier. Once it is unre-

strained by the tube, ring (Q) can break up due to centrifugal force.

Calculation of Weights and Moments. Figure 2 »hows a breakdown of

the No. 1027-31 projectile into siapler coraponentsj in order to calculate

weight, center of gravity, axial and transverse moments of inertia, all

leading to the evaluation of the stability factor. The complete calcula-

tion is shown in Appendix B. Formulae applicable to some basic types of

projectiles, developed in Report No. U, served only as a guide in this

projectile design. Due to the variety of shapes and materials used, each

of the intermediate steps which lead to the present design required a de-

tailed calculation by methods shown in Appendix B.

The weight of the projectile is 9.28 lbs., of which «penetration

waste" (parts C, D, E, Figure 1) weigh 0.60 lbs. (6.5*)o The carbida

penetrator is 6.97 lbs., but 1.71 Obs. in back of the penetrator (B and

F) are assumed to contribute to penetration. The stability factor is 1.50.

Only slightly more than half (57*) of the axial moment of inertia of

the projectile is due to the carbidej stability depends to a large extent

on steel parts of the projectile*.

AMERICAN MACHIME & FOUMDRY COMPANY

CONFIDEHTIAL - 3 -

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 ^»

CONFIDENTfAL

Detail«. Figwe 3 shows the revised desiga ©f the earbide penetrator.

It has a shorter and sttibbier nose shape than the preTioras design (Figare

Ua). It was found that the change in the penetrator nose has no effect on

stability^ so that it is not necessaxy or desirable to add weight to the

windshield tip, as previotisly planned. Figwes h®s d, and e show some

detail drawings, partially completed. Design and detailing of other com-

ponent parts is in progress.

Hydraulic test fixture. Details of the pressure vessel conponents

(Assembly of Figure 3, Report No. 7) are shown here in Figure S, on which

preHmlnary bids from manufacturers have been obtained. These details have

been superseded by the new design (Figure 7), süne it was decided to modify

the length of the chamber, for reasons explained in Appendix A. Figure 6

shows the detail of the exterior loading frame.

The high pressure (up to 50,000 pel) in the vessel will be produced

by an external load applied to a piston, which will act as a booster.

hydraulic equipment to produce the external load is avaÜÄble. Design

work on the pressure vessel components and on the parts to be tested is

in progress.

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

CÖHFIDENTIAL u-

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 CONFIDENTIAL

in. FDTDRE FLAMS

CoH?)letion of design, detailing, and manufacture of the static test

fixtureo

Completion cf design and detailing of täe 90/$\vm projectile with

sabot.

Static testing of critical components of the sabot.

Manufacture of about 20 projectiles for firing tests.

AMERICAN MACHI & FOUNDRY COMPANY

COMFIDENTIAL - $

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KM

CONFfDENTlAL

APPEHDS A

Report of Meeting, June 7» 1955»

at Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, Hew Jersey

Attending? S. Jacobson Picatinny Arsenal

P. Rosenberg American Hachine & Foundry Co.
V. Milenkovic

The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the status of the project

and to plan future work.

To review briefly the objectives of the work done to dates

1. An analytical scheme for optimizing the design of spin stabilised

HVAPDS has been presented.

2. Based upon this scheme, a design has been evolved for the 90mm

T119 gun - the 90/$km. HVAPDS, AMF No. 1027-31.

3. It has been recommended by AMF that static tests be made of the

rear coiaponents, and that a subsequent firing program be performed

to demonstrate the suitability of the theoretical approach. This

would be done,
a, by predicting the ballistic lijnits on the basis of scale
model tests currently being conducted at W.A.L., and com-
paring with test results of full scale firingsi
b. by collaring the performance of the test item with that of
projectiles which ^ave resulted from a long period of

development.

AMERICAN MACHINE & ffOUNDRY COMPANY

CONFIDEHTIALl A-1

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»w

CONFIDENTIAL

It is not necesaaiy that the perfonuance of the AMP projectile be

better than any of the present^ used projectilesj it is only necessary

to show that the performance is nearly comparabie, for the following

reasons:
The number of possible variables in projectile design being quite large,

the theoretical woric has not exhausted all possibilities in HVAPDS

projectiles. Theoretical advantages of one design over another

among the types analyzed were found to be marginal. The order of

magnitude of factors not accotmted for in this theory (factors

which can be evaluated only by actual test) is such that no claim

can be made that the present AMF design is superior to other HVAPDS

designs, m particular, this design is not claimed to be competitive

with other types of armor piercing projectiles, such as fin stabilised

arrow projectiles fired from smooth bore guns.

The merit of the theoretical approach lies in helping to establish a basic

projectile to which marginal iinprovements can then be made.

Conclusionss
1. It has been agreed to proceed with the present design (MR No. 1027-31),

and upon approval of the Arsenal to manufacture a sufficient number

of projectiles for firing tests (for perfomance in flight as well

as for armor penetration). These tests will serve to prove or dis-

prove the underlying theoxy, as weU as to contribute to the

empirical knowledge about the performance of various types of amor

piercing projectiles.

AMERICAN MACHINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

A
lÖNFiDEHmil -2
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CONFIDENTIAL

2. Exterior performance of the projectile is considered to be the main

objective of a firing test. Therefore^ it is essential that the

sabot carrier should not fail inside the gun. To minlMze the risk

of lannching failure of a projectile which otherwise may have been

successful, the planned static pressure test of critical components

of the carrier should be completed. This static test will duplicate

the forces acting in the gun as closely as possible- The difference

in loading rate between the static test and actual firing will make

the static test conservative. Such a test is considered more

economical than a separate phase of firing to determine the strength

of the carrier. It has been agreed to make the cavily In the

hydraulic test fixture longer than previously planned, so that the

Arsenal can make use of the fixture for other tests in the future.

3. No work on high explosive discarding sabots (HEDS) shall be performed

under the project.

U. Funds which will be left over after the completion of the 9Q/$hm

HVAPDS program shall be used in an analysis of long spinning pro-

jectiles, shape stabilized (conical tail).

MER1CAN MACHINE & fOUHDRY COMPANY

CONFIDENTIAL A ~ 3

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CONFIDENTIAL

APFEHDIX B

Weights and Moments. The AMF No. 1027-31 projectile is broken down

into several cylindrieal or conical segments as shown in Figure 2.

For a hollow cylinder of outsider radius Rs inside radius r, and

height h:

Volume« h(R2 - r2) ff

Axial radius of gyrations rx2 » -5 (R ♦ r )
Transverse radius of gyration about centroidal planes rt2 - h /12

Axial moment of inertias A - I^ - Wfx2 (w " we^*)

Transverse moment of inertia about a point at distance x from the

centroids B - | I, + IgS* where Ig - Wrg2J rg2 - rt2 + x2

Yor a truncated cone of large radius Rs small radius r, and height hs

h R3 - r3 rf
Volumes -5
"5 ^ „ ■ 71
R _- 'r
Location of centroid from large ends

(for fall cones -r)

R3T?

^* h-'Ä (idien
rt2 is between ^ h2 (when R - r) and -^ r 0)
R - r
exaotlys rt2.^h2 [l +-f^ Rr (2 + 5

* For bodies of revolution, the polar moment (B) about the main centroidal
axi» QG is the sum of half the polar moment about the axis of revolution
xx, and tha second moment (Ig) about the transverse plane «««««J *£JJ'0'
me latter is the sum of the moment about a plane through an individual
centroid 0(Wrt2)s and the transfer term (Wx2).

AMERICAN MAC MINE & fOUNDRY COMPANY

COHFlDENTmi B~l
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 CONFIDENTIAL

WC Gore (.520 Ib/lnß)

1. Cfründerg R - .Ö^O"? h - U.hlO"

R2 - .7225 S A - 3.187
W - 3.187 • .520^ - $»212 H«
x-Oj M«fc-0
rx2 - | R2 - .3612 s ^ - »rx2 - 1.882 1b in2
rt2 - h2/12 - 1.620 | x2 - .000
2 2
r - r + x2 - 1.620 5 Iff - Wr-2 - 8.U5 Üb in2

2. Truncated cones R - .850" | r - .7l4ln J h - .827n

Location of centroid from large ends
h h (R-rUR2>r2) . ^^
1 h E3 _ r3

w - .52U5 • .52077' - .857 Iba

x - 2.600 j K - 2.228 in lbs
R$
- 2 . .1. -rg - .3185 ; Ir - .273 lb in2
* ^ R3 - P

rt2 - h2/l2 - .057 J x2 - 6.760

2
r « rt2 + x2 - 6.817 5 Ig - 5.8U lb 5JI2

MINE & FOUNDRY COMPANY

AMERICAN MAC

CONFIDENTIAL B-2

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 CONFIDENTIAL

Truncated cones R - .Tia" J r - .k9$n s h 1.328"

Location of centroid from large end .5t?n

Volume ■ .5iU 7f
M - .5lU • .5207^ - .835 lbs.

I - 3.609 j M ■ 3.01U In lbs

rx2 - .201* s 3bc - .170 lb in2
rt2 - .11*7 l x2 -13.025
rg2 - 13.172 s Ig " 11-00 I*» ^2

h
U. C!onej R - .U95 S " »^
Location of centroid| h/k - .12UH from base

Volume * • R2^ - .OUOU ^

W - .OliOU • .520 If - .066 lb

x - U.U8U s H ■ .296 in lbs

c2 - ^ R2 - .0735 5 Is - '005 1^ in*

rt2 - ^5 h2 - .009 l x2 - 20.10

rg2 - 20.11 j Ig - 1.33 lb in2

w M I* h
5.212 oOOO 1.882 8.U5
1
.857 +2.228 .273 5.8U
2
+3.011* ,170 11.00
3 .835
.066 + .296 .005 1.33
U
2
Total 6.97033M +5.538in lbs 2.330 Ob ir? 26.62 lb in

MERICAN MACHIME & ff O Ü «I D R Y C O IS P A II Y

\ CONFIDENTjAl B-3
.
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 CONFIDENTIAL

Steel Tail (.283 lb/in3)

5. Hollow cylinders R - lollO" $ r - o625M J h - ^970«

R2 - 1.2321 | r2 - .3906 s Vols h(R2 = r2) ff * 1«658 7^

W - 1.6$8 • .283 TT - 1«U77 lbs
x - - 3.190 j M - » 3.190 ' 1.U77 - ^Ji.711 i^^J^S
r 2 + r2) o8:L13 S
x "| (
R2
" ^ ' lo198
- 3% correction ~ .036* - 1.162 lb in2

rt2 - h2/l2 - .323 8 x2 - 10.177

,2 - rt2 + x2 - 10.50 j Ig - 15.51 lb in2

6. Hollo* cylinder. R - .625" S * ' -375" 5 *> " -700"

R2 - .3906 j r2 - .11*06 j h(R2 - r2) - .175

W - .175 * «283 TT " °1^6 S

x - - 2.555 S M - ■ -398 in iJg
2
rx . .2656 j Ix - .OUl lb in2
rj - .OUl I x2 - 6.528 | rg2 - 6.569 J Ig - LO2 ^ ^

Total' W
1.633 1b. -5.109 in lb« lo203 lb in2 iS-W *> **

clumbers (see dotted lines in Figure 2)

* To account for steps and

UNDRY COMPAMY
AWMRICAM MACHIMi & f©

CONFlBENmi B-U
 CONHDENTIAL

Steel Sleeve (»283 Ib/in^)

Hollcw cylinders E - lc062» j r - .9m 8 h * iMO»

R2 - 1.1278 s r2 - .95U5 I h(R2 - r2) - -2^

W - .255 ' -283 TT - o227 lbs
x - - 1.690 j M - - 1.690 • .227 - - ^L^Jb«.
r 2 - io0la s Ix - .236 lb in2
r!2 - .180 s x2 - 2.856 S r 2
- 3.036 , It - J>9 lb ?£

8. Hollow cylinders R - 1.05U| r - .950 | h - .875

R2 - 1.1109 S r2 - .9025 ! h(R2 - r2) - .1825

W - .1825 • .283 Tf - .162 lbs
x - » .518 | M - - .08U in lbs
r 2 . 1.007 I Ix - -163 lb in2
lb
.06U J - .268 | r 2 - .332 s Ig " & ^

W M -S.
Total!
.389 lbs . .U68 in lbs «399 lb in2 .Ik lb in

gaadjg Sleeve (.0955 lb/in3)

9. Hollow cylinders B - .963" i r - .850" S h - 2.750«

R2 - .9275 8 r2 - .7225 8 h(R2 - r2) - »56U

w - .5U6 • .0955 Tf - ^U**

x - .U20 s M - .U20 • .169 - ^OTlJnJbs

rx2 - | (R2 + r2) - .825 S *x " iMJ^

r"2 . h2/12 . .630 S x2 - .176 S rg2 - .806 S Ig - ^L^J^

AMERICA« «ACH. HE * fOUHDRY COMPANY

CONFIDENTIAL B-5
 CCWFIDENTmt

10. W - .037 Iba | x - $-07$ | M - M in ID»

neglect rx, r^j I* " 2

r 2 - x2 - 2^.8 j Ig - .95! lb in2

Tracer
H. W - .082 lbs | x - - 2.680 j M - ;. .220 in lbs

neglect rx, rtl hi ' 9.

rg2 - x2 - 7.18 j Ig - J9 lb in2.

M. in lbs 1^ lb in2 If» lb in2

Projectile W| lbs

2.330 26.62
6.970 5.538
WJ Core
1.203 16.58
Steel Tail 1.633 5.109
.U68 .399 .7U
Steel Sleeve .389
.11*0 .11+
Alum. Sleeve .169 .071
.188 .95
Alum. Nose .037
.59
.082 .220
Tracer
U.072 U5.62
9.280 ^.797 ^5.797
Total 1 T 2.0U
1*7.66

,M uaeHIME * ffOUMDRY COM P A N Y

B-6
CONFIDENTIAL
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 CONFIDENTIAL

Stability
Nominal calibers 2.125" - Sum

Length« 10,25« - M2lt cal

Location of CO,. 2e205" - lo037 cal» from penetrator baae

tTai, ß/u/c

23 CfiLr-

i8t¥CALr mcAL,
473 <*U

tte center of pressure (C.P.) for the basic 5 caliber long, 3o5 cal.

ogiW, above Mach 3-2, is-located 2,3 cal, from the tip (see Report No, 6,
Footnote 1 and Figure 1). The oversize base is ass^d to move the C.P.
.iO cal. backS the projectile is somewhat shorter than 5 cal,, for which
the C.P. correction is .bout .02 cal, forward W of ,073). The resulting

FOUNDRY COMPAMY
AMERICAH MAeHIME &

r^NHDOITlAl B~7

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 CONFIDENTIAL

C.P. to CO. distancej a® shown in the diagram

e » »580 oal

Stability S -
A2 CJ
^«V -jr-fr**^
kc

Axial polar monaat of inertia (axis I-X)s A ■ Uc072 lb in.

Transverse polar «oaent of inertia about CO. (axis 0=0) s B
. U7.66 lb in'

Density of airs /> - ^0765 lb/ft3 . 0oUU3 • 10-3 lb/ln3

Diameter d - 2.12$«

Jfl d3 a mJjl (2ol25)3 • .0UU3 10 0 . ^3k- 10°3 lbs

25 "l.Zh m ih.i inches/radian

-L. - 2^ dia/tnm - —g-^-

(li.072)2 ' 103 lo^O

2 . U7.66 • .58 • 3.0 • .33U • (Ut-D

& FOUNDRY COMPANY

AMERICAN MACHIHE

B-8
CONFIDIHm
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FIGURE 7.
HVORUUC TEST FIXTURE - XL
REVISED ASSEMBLY (L0H6 CHAMBER)
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