Colors Markings Breeds Locomotion
Colors Markings Breeds Locomotion
Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have
a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response. Related to
this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep
both standing up and lying down. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for
approximately 11 months, and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly
following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under saddle or in harness
between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and
have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years.
Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament:
spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as draft horses
and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods", developed from
crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for
specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of
horse in the world today, developed for many different uses.