Astm A 928 Dss Pipe Efw

Designation: A 928/A 928M – 05
Standard Specification for

Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex) Stainless Steel Pipe Electric
Fusion Welded with Addition of Filler Metal1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 928/A 928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the M desig-
1.1 This specification covers electric-fusion-welded steel nation of the specification is specified in the order.
pipe suitable for corrosive service. 2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
been substituted in this specification for traditional terms such as nominal
A 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium and
diameter, size, and nominal size.
Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
1.2 This specification covers grades of ferritic/austenitic for Pressure Vessels and General Applications
steel as indicated in Table 1. The selection of the proper alloy A 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements for
and requirements for heat treatment shall be at the discretion of Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,
the purchaser, dependent on the service conditions to be Sheet, and Strip
encountered. A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re-
1.3 Five classes of pipe are covered as follows: lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys
1.3.1 Class 1—Pipe shall be double welded by processes A 999/A 999M Specification for General Requirements for
using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
completely. E 426 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Exami-
1.3.2 Class 2—Pipe shall be double welded by processes nation of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austen-
using filler metal in all passes. No radiograph is required. itic Stainless Steel and Similar Alloys
1.3.3 Class 3—Pipe shall be single welded by processes 2.2 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:3
using filler metal in all passes and shall be radiographed Section III, Nuclear Vessels
completely. Section VIII, Unfired Pressure Vessels
1.3.4 Class 4—Same as Class 3, except that the weld pass Section IX, Welding Qualifications
exposed to the inside pipe surface is permitted to be made 2.3 AWS Specifications:4
without the addition of filler metal (see 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2). A 5.4 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
1.3.5 Class 5—Pipe shall be double welded by processes Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes
using filler metal in all passes and shall be spot radiographed. A 5.9 Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-
1.4 Supplementary requirements covering provisions rang- Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes
ing from additional testing to formalized procedures for A 5.11 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Elec-
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manufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Require- trodes

ments S1 through S4 are included as options to be specified in A 5.14 Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and
the purchase order when desired. Electrodes
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units A 5.22 Flux Cored Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each A 5.30 Consumable Weld Inserts for Gas Tungsten Arc
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must Welding
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
3
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Current edition approved September 1, 2005. Published September 2005. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
4
Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A 928/ Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
A 928M – 04. Miami, FL 33126.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
Copyright ASTM International 1

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Licensee=LOC 30 Jakarta, Indonesia/5919206129, User=Setyasantika, Hendravita
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 09/01/2006 00:14:39 MDT
Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Kathe Hooper (ASTMIHS Account); Mon Oct 10 11:50:31 EDT 2005
A 928/A 928M – 05
TABLE 1 Pipe and Filler Metal Specifications
ASTM Plate A 5.4 A 5.9 A 5.11 A 5.14 A 5.22 A 5.30
UNS
GradeA Specification No.
Designation Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS Class UNS
and Grade
S31200 ... A 240 S31200 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S31260 ... A 240 S31260 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S31500 ... A 240 S31500 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S31803 ... A 240 S31803 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32003 ... A 240 S32003 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32205 2205 A 240 S32205 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32304 2304 A 240 S32304 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32550 255 A 240 S32550 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32750 2507 A 240 S32750 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32900 329B A 240 type 329 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32950 ... A 240 S32950 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32760 ... A 240 S32760 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
S32520 ... A 240 S32520 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
Except as indicated, common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer.
B
A grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
3. Terminology 6.2 Welding:

3.1 Definitions: 6.2.1 The joints shall be full penetration double-welded or
3.1.1 The definitions in Specification A 999/A 999M and single-welded butt joints using fusion welding processes as
Terminology A 941 are applicable to this specification. defined under Definitions, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code, Section IX. This specification makes no provision for
4. Ordering Information any difference in weld quality requirements, regardless of the
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify weld joint type used (single or double) in making the weld.
all requirements that are necessary for product under this Where backing rings or strips are used, the ring or strip
specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but material shall be of the same P-Number (Table QW-422 of
are not limited to, the following: Section IX) as the plate being joined. Backing rings or strips
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths), shall be removed completely after welding, prior to any
4.1.2 Name of material (electric-fusion-welded pipe), required radiography, and the exposed weld surface shall be
4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1), examined visually for conformance to the requirements of
4.1.4 Class (see 1.3), 6.2.3. Welds made by procedures using backing strips or rings
4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness), that remain in place are prohibited. Welding procedures and
4.1.6 Length (specific or random), welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with the
4.1.7 End finish (section on ends of Specification A 999/ ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX.
A 999M), 6.2.2 Except as provided in 6.2.2.1 and 6.2.2.2, welds shall
4.1.8 Authorization for repair of plate defects by welding be made in their entirety by processes involving the deposition
and subsequent heat treatment without prior approval, if such is of filler metal.
intended (see 13.3), 6.2.2.1 For Class 4 pipe using multiple passes, it is permit-
4.1.9 Specification designation, ted to make the root-pass without the addition of filler metal.
4.1.10 Special requirements, 6.2.2.2 For Class 4 pipe, it is permitted that the weld surface
4.1.11 Statement invoking requirements of 13.4, if such is exposed inside the pipe be the result from a single pass made
intended, from the inside of the pipe without the addition of filler metal.
4.1.12 Circumferential weld permissibility (see Section 17), 6.2.2.3 All single-welded pipe shall be radiographed com-
4.1.13 Supplementary Requirements (S1 through S4), pletely.
4.1.14 Applicable ASME Code, if known, 6.2.3 The weld surface on either side of the weld may be
4.1.15 For ASME Code Section III applications, the service flush with the base plate or may have a reasonably uniform
classification intended, and crown, not to exceed 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]. It is permitted to remove
4.1.16 Certification requirements (see section on certifica- any weld reinforcement, at the option of the manufacturer or by
tion of Specification A 999/A 999M). agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser. The con-
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tour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and free

5. General Requirements of irregularities. The deposited metal shall be fused uniformly
5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to into the plate surface. No concavity of contour is permitted
the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specifi- unless the resulting thickness of weld metal is equal to or
cation A 999/A 999M unless otherwise provided herein. greater than the minimum thickness of the adjacent base metal.
6.2.4 Weld defects shall be repaired by removal to sound
6. Materials and Manufacture metal and rewelding. Subsequent heat treatment and examina-
6.1 Materials—The steel plate material shall conform to the tion (that is, visual, radiographic, and dye penetrant) shall be as
requirements of one of the grades of Specification A 240/ required on the original welds.
A 240M, listed in Table 1. 6.3 Heat Treatment:

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=LOC 30 Jakarta, Indonesia/5919206129, User=Setyasantika, Hendravita
A 928/A 928M – 05
6.3.1 Unless otherwise stated in the order, heat treatment NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot
shall be performed after welding and in accordance with the Under 2 400 or fraction thereof
2 to 5, incl 200 or fraction thereof
requirements of Table 2. 6 and over 100 or fraction thereof
6.3.2 If the purchaser desires pipe without heat treatment
subsequent to welding, the purchase order shall specify the 9.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
following condition: purchaser or the purchaser’s representative and shall conform
6.3.2.1 No final heat treatment of pipe fabricated of plate to the requirements specified in Section 7, subject to the
that has been heat treated as required by Table 2 for the product analysis tolerances of Table 1 in Specification A 480/
particular grade. Each pipe supplied under this requirement A 480M.
shall be stenciled with the suffix “HT-O.” 9.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 8.1 or 9.1
does not conform to the requirements specified in Section 7, it
7. Chemical Composition is permitted to obtain an analysis of the base metal and weld
deposit of each pipe from the same heat or lot, and all pipe
7.1 The chemical composition of the plate shall conform to
conforming to the requirements shall be accepted.
the requirements of the applicable specification and grade
listed in Table 1. 10. Tensile Requirements
7.2 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
10.1 The plate used in making the pipe shall conform to the
chemical composition of the welding material shall conform to
requirements as to tensile properties of the applicable specifi-
the requirements of the applicable AWS specification for the
cations listed in Table 1. Tension tests made by the plate
corresponding grade given in Table 1 or shall conform to the
manufacturer shall qualify the plate material.
chemical composition specified for the plate, or shall, subject
10.2 The transverse tension test taken across the welded
to purchaser approval, be a filler metal more highly alloyed
joint specimen shall have a tensile strength not less than the
than the base metal when needed for corrosion resistance or
specified minimum tensile strength of the plate.
other properties. Use of a filler metal other than that listed in
Table 1 or conforming to the chemical composition specified 11. Permissible Variations of Dimensions for Thin-Wall
for the plate shall be reported and the filler metal identified on Pipe
the certificate of tests. When nitrogen is a specified element for 11.1 For thin-wall pipe, defined as pipe having a wall
the ordered grade, the method of analysis shall be a matter of thickness of 3 % or less of the specified outside diameter, the
agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. diameter tolerance, as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M,
shall apply only to the mean of the extreme (maximum and
8. Heat Analysis
minimum) outside diameter readings in any one cross section.
8.1 The chemical analysis of the steel shall be determined 11.2 For thin-wall pipe, the difference in extreme outside
by the plate manufacturer and shall conform to the require- readings (called the ovality) in any one section shall not exceed
ments for the particular grade as prescribed in Specification twice the permissible variations in outside diameter for the
A 240/A 240M. specified diameter as listed in Specification A 999/A 999M.
9. Product Analysis 12. Transverse Guided-Bend Weld Tests
9.1 At the request of the purchaser’s inspector, an analysis 12.1 Two bend test specimens shall be taken transversely
of one length of flat-rolled stock from each heat, or from base from the pipe. Except as provided in 12.2, one shall be subject
metal and weld deposit from two pipes from each lot, shall be to a face guided-bend test and the second to a root guided-bend
made by the manufacturer. A lot of pipe shall consist of the test. One specimen shall be bent with the inside surface of the
following number of lengths of the same size and wall pipe against the plunger, and the other with the outside surface
thickness from any one heat of steel: against the plunger.
TABLE 2 Heat Treatment

UNS
GradeA Temperature, °F [°C] Quench
Designation
S31200 ... 1920–2010 [1050–1100] rapid cooling in water
S31260 ... 1870–2010 [1020–1100] rapid cooling in water
S31500 ... 1800–1900 [980–1040] rapid cooling in air or water
S32205 2205 1870–2010 [1020–1100] rapid cooling in air or water
S32550 255 1900 [1040], min rapid cooling in air or water
S32900 329B 1700–1750 [925–955] rapid cooling in air or water
A
Except as indicated, common name, not a trademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer.
B
A grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
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A 928/A 928M – 05
12.2 For specified wall thicknesses over 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm] but 14.3.1 Reduced-section specimens conforming to the re-
less than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm], side-bend tests may be made instead quirements given in QW-462.1(b) are permitted to be used for
of the face and root-bend tests. For specified wall thicknesses tension tests on all thicknesses of pipe having outside diam-
3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and over, both specimens shall be subjected to eters greater than 3 in. [76 mm].
the side-bend tests. Side-bend specimens shall be bent so that 14.3.2 Turned specimens conforming to the requirements of
one of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the QW-462.1(d) are permitted to be used for tension tests.
bend specimen. 14.3.2.1 If turned specimens are used as given in 14.3.2.2
12.3 The bend test shall be acceptable if no cracks or other and 14.4, one complete set shall be made for each required
defects exceeding 1⁄8 in. [3 mm] in any direction are present in tension test.
the weld metal or between the weld and the pipe metal after 14.3.2.2 For thicknesses over 11⁄4 in. [32 mm], multiple
bending. Cracks that originate along edges of the specimen specimens shall be cut through the full thickness of the weld
during testing, and that are less than 1⁄4 in. [6.5 mm] measured with their centers parallel to the material surface and not over
in any direction, shall not be considered. 1 in. [25 mm] apart. The centers of the specimens adjacent to
13. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance material surfaces shall not exceed 5⁄8 in. [16 mm] from the
surface.
13.1 The finished pipe shall have a workmanlike finish.
14.4 The test specimens shall not be cut from the pipe or test
13.2 Repair of Plate Defects by Machining or Grinding—
plate until after final heat treatment.
Pipe showing slivers may be machined or ground inside or
outside to a depth that shall ensure the removal of all included
15. Mechanical Tests Required
scale and slivers, providing the wall thickness is not reduced
below the specified minimum wall thickness. Machining or 15.1 Transverse Tension Test—One test shall be made to
grinding shall follow inspection of the pipe as rolled, and it represent each lot (see Note 2) of finished pipe.
shall be followed by supplementary visual inspection.
NOTE 2—The term lot is defined in 9.1.
13.3 Repair of Plate Defects by Welding— Defects that
violate minimum wall thickness may be repaired by welding, 15.2 Transverse Guided-Bend Test—One test (two speci-
but only with the approval of the purchaser. Areas shall be mens) shall be made to represent each lot (see Note 2) of
prepared suitably for welding with tightly closed defects finished pipe.
removed by grinding. Open, clean defects, such as pits or 15.3 Nondestructive Test—Each length of pipe shall be
impressions, may require no preparation. All welders, welding subjected to a hydrostatic test as defined in 15.3.1 or, with the
operators, and weld procedures shall be qualified to the ASME approval of the purchaser, each length of pipe having a wall
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Unless the thickness up through 0.165 in. (4.2 mm) shall be subjected to
purchaser specifies otherwise, pipe required to be heat treated a nondestructive electric test as defined in 15.3.2.
under the provisions of 6.3 shall be heat treated or reheat 15.3.1 Hydrostatic Test—Each length of pipe shall be sub-
treated following repair welding. Repaired lengths, where jected to a hydrostatic test in accordance with Specification
repair depth is greater than 1⁄4 of the thickness, shall be pressure A 999/A 999M, unless specifically exempted under the provi-
tested or repressure tested after repair and heat treatment (if sion of 15.3.1.1. Pressure shall be held for a sufficient time to
any). Repair welds shall also be examined by suitable nonde- permit the inspector to examine the entire length of the welded
structive examination techniques, including any techniques seam.
required specifically of the primary weld. 15.3.1.1 With the agreement of the manufacturer, the pur-
13.4 The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating iron chaser is permitted to complete the hydrostatic test requirement
particles. Pickling, blasting, or surface finishing is not manda- with the system pressure test, which may be lower or higher
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tory when pipe is bright annealed. The purchaser is permitted than the specification test pressure, but in no case shall the test
to require in the purchase order that a passivating treatment be pressure be lower than the system design pressure. Each length
applied. of pipe furnished without the completed manufacturer’s hydro-
14. Test Specimens and Methods of Testing static test shall include with the mandatory marking the letters
NH.
14.1 Transverse tension and bend test specimens shall be
15.3.2 Nondestructive Electric Test—Each length of pipe
taken from the end of the finished pipe; the transverse tension
shall be subjected to a nondestructive electric test in accor-
and bend test specimens shall be flattened cold before final
dance with Practice E 426.
machining to size.
14.2 As an alternative to the requirements of 14.1, the 15.3.2.1 For pipe up through NPS 4, the eddy-current test
manufacturer is permitted to take the test specimens from a test shall be applied to the total pipe area. For pipe larger than NPS
plate of the same material as the pipe, which is attached to the 4, the eddy-current test is permitted, at the option of the
end of the cylinder and welded as a prolongation of the pipe producer, to be applied to the weld area only rather than the
longitudinal seam. total pipe area.
14.3 Tension test specimens shall be made in accordance
with Section IX, Part QW-150 of the ASME Boiler and 16. Radiographic Examination
Pressure Vessel Code and shall be one of the types shown in 16.1 For Classes 1, 3, and 4 pipe, all welded joints shall be
QW-462.1 of that code. examined completely by radiography.

A 928/A 928M – 05
16.2 For Class 5 pipe, the welded joints shall be spot 18. Product Marking
radiographed to the extent of not less than 12 in. [300 mm] of
18.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specification
radiograph per 50 ft [15 m] of weld.
A 999/A 999M, the markings of each length of pipe shall
16.3 For Classes 1, 3, and 4 pipe, radiographic examination
include the plate material designations as shown in Table 1, the
shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, latest edition, marking requirements of 6.3 and 15.3, and Class 1, 2, 3, or 4,
Paragraph UW-51. as appropriate (see 1.3).
16.4 For Class 5 pipe, radiographic examination shall be in
accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and 19. Keywords
Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, latest edition, 19.1 arc welded steel pipe; corrosive service; duplex
Paragraph UW-52. (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel; fusion welded steel pipe;
16.5 Radiographic examination is permitted to be per- steel pipe; welded steel pipe
formed prior to heat treatment.
17. Lengths
17.1 Circumferentially welded joints of the same quality as
the longitudinal joints shall be permitted by agreement between
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
FOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modified.
S1. Product Analysis and the disposition of flaws detected shall be a matter for
S1.1 Product analysis shall be made on each length of pipe. agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical require-
ments shall be rejected. S4. Ferrite Control in Weld Deposits
S2. Tension and Bend Tests S4.1 The ferrite content of the deposited weld metal in any
length of pipe may be determined. The procedural details
S2.1 Tension tests (see Section 10) and bend tests (see
pertaining to this subject (that is, welding, plate and weld
Section 12) shall be made on specimens to represent each
deposit chemistry, testing equipment and method, number and
length of pipe. Failure of any test specimen to meet the
location of test sites, and ferrite control limits) shall be a matter
requirements shall be cause for the rejection of the pipe length
represented. for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
S3. Penetration Oil and Powder Examination

S3.1 All welded joints shall be subjected to examination by
a penetrant oil and powder method. The details of the method
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--`,,`,,``,,,``,,`,`,`,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A 928/A 928M – 05
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A 928/A 928M - 04, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2005)
(1) Added S32003 to Table 1 and Table 2.
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Designation: A 928/A 928M – 05

Standard Specification for

manufacturing practice are provided. Supplementary Require- trodes

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright ASTM International 1

3. Terminology 6.2 Welding:

tour of the reinforcement shall be reasonably smooth and free

Copyright ASTM International 2

TABLE 2 Heat Treatment

Copyright ASTM International 3

Copyright ASTM International 4

FOR PIPE REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

S3. Penetration Oil and Powder Examination

Copyright ASTM International 5

(1) Added S32003 to Table 1 and Table 2.

Copyright ASTM International 6

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