Siemens Safety Features

Siemens
Operator
syngo
05/2009
English
n.a.
02
01
04
621
M6-03001MRAG,
dito!System
MAGNETOM
2004-2009
MR OHG Healthcare
Manual
B17Trio a Tim System
MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System 0.
Operator Manual - MR System 0.
syngo MR B17 0.
www.siemens.com/healthcare
Manufacturer's notes: 0.
This product bears a CE marking in accordance with the provisions

of regulation 93/42/EEC of June 14, 1993 for medical products. 0.
0. The CE marking applies only to medico-technical products/medical

products introduced in connection with the above-mentioned com-
prehensive EC regulation. 0.
Overview of contents
Safety A
MR system components B
Physiological imaging C
MR system operation D
Maintenance E
Index F
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ii MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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Table of contents
A Safety
A.1 Preface about safety
A.2 Information about MR safety
B MR system components
B.1 Overview MR system
B.2 syngo Acquisition Workplace
B.3 In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace
B.4 Control unit
B.5 Laser light localizer
B.6 Alarm box
B.7 Intercom
B.8 Patient table
C Physiological imaging
C.1 Triggering methods
C.2 Physiological Measurement Unit (PMU)
C.3 ECG triggering
C.4 Pulse triggering
C.5 Respiratory triggering
C.6 External triggering
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D MR system operation
D.1 Daily functionality checks
D.2 Starting up and shutting down the MR system
D.3 Preparing the MR system
D.4 Preparing the patient
D.5 Physiological effects
D.6 Starting/Stopping the measurement
E Maintenance
E.1 Cleaning
E.2 Return and disposal
F Index
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Introduction 0.
To operate the MR system accurately and safely, the operating

personnel have to have the necessary expertise as well as
knowledge of the complete operator manual. The operator
manual has to be read carefully prior to starting up the MR sys-
tem. 0.
Layout of the operator man- Your overall operator manual includes - to improve readability -
ual 0. various different operator manuals separated according to their
contents: 0.
❏ Hardware components (system, coils, etc.)

❏ Software (measurement, evaluation, etc.)
Another element of the overall operator manual is the informa-

tion provided for the system owner of the MR system. 0.
The extent of the respective operator manual depends on the

system configuration used and may vary. 0.
B All components of the overall operator manual may include

safety information that needs to be adhered to. 0.
The operator manuals for hardware and software address the

authorized user. Basic knowledge in operating PCs and software
are a prerequisite. 0.
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Introduction
The operator manual on hand

This manual includes descriptions covering standard as well as
optional hardware. Contact your Siemens Sales Organization
with respect to the hardware available for your system. The
description of an option is not legally binding for providing it. 0.
The graphics, figures, and medical images used in this operator

manual are examples only. The actual display and design of
these may be slightly different on your system. 0.
Male and female patients are referred to as “the patient” for the
sake of simplicity. 0.
References to “Siemens Service” include service personnel

authorized by Siemens. 0.
Configuration
This manual consists of multiple parts (Part A, Part B, etc.). A
comprehensive table of contents can be found at the beginning
of each part. 0.
B Part A “Safety” needs to be closely observed during your daily

routine. 0.
The other parts contain descriptive and instructive chapters. The

descriptive chapters explain the design, application, and func-
tion of the individual MR system components. The instructive
chapters explain the operation of the individual components. 0.
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vi MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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Introduction
Important icons
For readability, certain contents are highlighted in particular. In
what follows you will find the symbols and their contents used: 0.
✓ Prerequisites for the operating steps to follow

✧ Request for action
❏ Item in list
B Notes for optimal use of the MR system. 0.
i Remarks that facilitate work with the system. 0.
f B Problem 0.
Description of possible source for errors 0.
✧ Requests for action to solve problems

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Introduction
Intended use
Your MAGNETOM system is indicated for use as a magnetic res-
onance diagnostic device (MRDD) that produces transverse,
sagittal, coronal and oblique cross sectional images, spectro-
scopic images and/or spectra, and that displays the internal
structure and/or function of the head, body, or extremities.
Other physical parameters derived from the images and/or spec-
tra may also be produced. Depending on the region of interest,
contrast agents may be used. These images and/or spectra
when interpreted by a trained physician yield information that
may assist in diagnosis. 0.
Your MAGNETOM system may also be used for imaging during

interventional procedures when performed with MR compatible
devices such as in room display and MR-safe biopsy needles. 0.
B The MAGNETOM is not a measurement device as defined by the

medical product guidelines. Measured values obtained are for
informational purposes and cannot be used only as the basis for
diagnosis. 0.
B For the USA only: The device is limited by Federal Law to inves-
tigational use for indications not in the Indications Statement.
Federal law restricts this device to sale, distribution and use by
or on the order of a physician. 0.
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viii MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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Introduction
Authorized operating personnel

The MAGNETOM MR system must be operated according to the
intended use and only by qualified persons with the necessary
knowledge in accord with country-specific regulations, e.g.
physicians, trained radiological technicians or technologists,
subsequent to the necessary user training. 0.
This user training has to include basics in MR technology as well

as safe handling of MR systems. The user has to be familiar with
potential hazard and safety guidelines the same way he is famil-
iar with emergency and rescue scenarios. In addition, the user
has to have read and understood the contents of the operator
manual. 0.
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Introduction
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x MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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PART 0. Safety
A
A.1 Preface about safety A.1-1
General information A.1-1
A.2 Information about MR safety A.2-1

Common/permanently existing hazards A.2-1
Electromagnetic fields A.2-2
Contraindications A.2-10
Mechanical hazards A.2-13
MR compatibility A.2-16
What else must be observed? A.2-18
Ambient conditions A.2-18
Coils/quality assurance A.2-19
Patient care A.2-20
Artifacts and imaging errors A.2-22
Maintenance/repair A.2-29
Signs and symbols A.2-30
In case of emergency A.2-34
Emergency switches A.2-34
Medical emergency A.2-38
Coolant accidents A.2-39
Fire A.2-40
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Safety
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CHAPTER A.0 Preface about safety
A.1
General information A.1
Hazards and risks A.1 An MR system may present various hazards. Some occur only
during the examination, while others exist permanently and
thus are also relevant to non-users (e.g. cleaning personnel). A.1
The various hazards and the corresponding safety instructions

are explained in the safety chapter of this operator manual. A.1
Common causes for acci- Despite safety instructions, some hazards time and again lead to
dents A.1 accidents. In particular, this includes magnet accidents and RF
burns/loop formation, as well as the use of MR-incompatible
devices. A.1
The following sections provide information on how to avoid the

most common mistakes and the resulting safety risks. These
sections were prepared based on the long-time experience of
Siemens. A.1
Responsibility, use accord- Siemens accepts no responsibility for the safety, reliability, and
ing to operator manual A.1 performance of the MR system, if the MR system is not used in
accordance with the operator manual. A.1
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Preface about safety Safety
Configuration of hazard All hazard hints are identified in a special way. The following
hints A.1 keywords signal the level of hazard involved: A.1
A.1
WARNING A.1 Warning regarding risks that may result in death or serious
physical injury. A.1
CAUTION A.1 Warning regarding risks that may result in minor physical
injury or material damage. A.1
Example:
A.1
A.1
WARNING A.1
Source of danger! A.1
Consequences
A.1 A.1
✧ Countermeasure.
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CHAPTER A.1 Information about MR
A.2 safety
Common/permanently existing
hazards A.2
The frequency at which the potential hazards mentioned in this

section lead to accidents is still too high. Therefore, it is espe-
cially important to observe the instructions on how to avoid
these dangerous situations. A.2
The most significant hazards include: A.2
❏ Electromagnetic fields
❏ Contraindications
❏ Mechanical hazards
❏ Incompatible devices
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Information about MR safety Safety
Electromagnetic fields A.2
In the examination room, there are different kinds of electro-

magnetic fields and the resulting risks. A.2
A.2
Fields A.2 Most significant hazards A.2
Static magnetic field A.2 Movement by implants and prostheses in the body A.2
Attraction, alignment, and projectile-like acceleration of mag-

netizable objects A.2
(→ Page A.2-4 Safety instructions on the static magnetic field) A.2
Gradient fields A.2 Peripheral nerve stimulation A.2
(→ Page A.2-7 Safety instructions on RF and gradient fields) A.2
RF fields A.2 Warming of body tissue A.2
(→ Page A.2-7 Safety instructions on RF and gradient fields) A.2
B A
All persons (e.g. patients, physicians, operating and cleaning
personnel, accompanying persons, and rescue personnel/fire
fighters) are exposed to these fields in the examination room. A.2
✧ Observe prohibition signs in the area near the entrances to

the MR system and the control area.
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Safety Information about MR safety
Static magnetic field/control The static basic field is generated by a superconductive magnet
area A.2 and may extend beyond the examination room (walls, ceilings). A.2
In order to minimize the mentioned hazards, the control area of

the basic field is identified on the floor (0.5 mT line). Outside
the control area, the magnetic flux density is less than 0.5 mT.
(→ System owner manual) A.2
Gradient fields A.2 Linearly rising additional fields of variable strength - gradient
fields - are superimposed on the static main magnetic field in
three different orientations. They may cause shifts in charge in
the patient's tissue and lead to peripheral nerve stimulation. A.2
RF fields A.2 The nuclear spins of the body tissue are stimulated via pulsed
electromagnetic RF fields. These RF pulses are generated by an
RF transmit amplifier and transferred via RF coils to the object to
be measured. A.2
RF fields lead to warming of the body tissue. In this context, an

important value per body weight is the specific absorption rate
or SAR. (→ Page D.5-1 Physiological effects) A.2
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Safety instructions on the static magnetic field A.2
The list of objects in this chapter is not exhaustive. It only serves

as an illustration of objects that present hazards in the presence
of magnetic forces. A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
Magnetizable objects introduced into the magnetic field

become projectiles! A.2
A.2
Injury to patient and operating personnel A.2
✧ Do not use resuscitation devices, for example, defibrillators

or oxygen bottles, in the examination room.
✧ Do not use transport trolleys, movable beds, stretchers, etc.
that consist of magnetizable parts.
✧ Do not wear or carry any magnetizable objects on your per-
son, for example, watches, pens, scissors, etc.
✧ Use only proven MR-compatible accessories, parts subject
to wear and tear, and disposable articles with the MR sys-
tem.
✧ Use only MR-compatible tools and devices.
✧ Service work on the MR system may be performed by Sie-
mens Service only.
✧ Ensure that only authorized personnel, e.g. electricians or
cleaning personnel, enter the control area (0.5 mT exclu-
sion zone).
✧ Keep the door to the examination room closed.
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A.2
WARNING A.2
Magnetizable objects introduced into the magnetic field

become projectiles! A.2
A.2
Injury to patient and operating personnel A.2
✧ Inform the operating personnel about the stronger effect of

forces on ferromagnetic parts or implants in 3 Tesla sys-
tems.
Dizziness when exposed to The high main magnetic field may cause patients to temporarily
3 Tesla magnetic fields A.2 experience slight dizziness or sensory irritations. Therefore all
patients must be medically monitored. A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Numbness, dizziness or metallic taste during measurements

and/or table movements in a 3 Tesla magnetic field! A.2
A.2
Reaction of fear by the patient A.2
✧ Prior to the examination, inform the patient about the pos-

sible occurrence of these symptoms.
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Device malfunctions A.2 Magnetic flux densities exceeding 0.5 mT can interfere with
electronic implants or other devices. The main magnetic field
may either affect or destroy electronic data carriers such as
check or credit cards, hard disks, ID cards with magnetic strips
and/or magnetic tapes, diskettes or pocket calculators, as well as
RFID chips (Radio Frequency Identification). A.2
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Safety instructions on RF and gradient fields A.2
Current loops A.2 Dangerous current loops may be generated when parts of the
patient's body touch. These loops may lead to burns or increase
the probability of stimulation. A.2
Current loops are also generated when the patient's skin con-
tacts the tunnel lining or RF coil cables. A.2
A.2
B A
Ensure that patients are not positioned as shown in the illustra-
tion. A.2
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A.2
CAUTION A.2
The patient is wearing electrically conductive material! A.2
Incorrect patient positioning! A.2
A.2
Formation of electric current loops A.2
Peripheral nerve stimulation of the patient A.2
✧ Ensure that the patient does not wear clothing that is wet
or dampened by perspiration.
✧ Ensure that the patient is free of metallic rings, chains, or
electrically conductive materials worked into items of cloth-
ing (e.g. brassiere support wires).
✧ Always position the patient so that the patient's arms are
aligned with the torso and ensure that hands, arms, and
legs do not touch (minimum distance: 5 mm).
✧ Ensure that the minimum distance of 5 mm is maintained
between patient and tunnel covering.
✧ To ensure this distance, use positioning aids, e.g. blankets
made of linen, cotton, or paper, or dry material that is per-
meable to air.
✧ Ensure sufficient ventilation.
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A.2
CAUTION A.2
Heating up/ignition of synthetic blankets via the RF field during

the measurement! A.2
A.2
Patient burns A.2
✧ Use only covers made of paper, cotton or linen.
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Contraindications A.2
B A
This chapter contains very important information about MR
safety: In principle, a qualified physician has to evaluate the risk/
benefit ratio of the MR examination for every patient. A.2
To date, there is no scientific proof that MR examinations are

harmless for pregnant women, the unborn and children under
two years of age. A.2
In general, an MR examination is contraindicated for patients

with electronic or electronically conductive implants or metals,
especially those containing ferromagnetic foreign matter. A.2
Typical contraindications for MR examinations are: A.2
❏ Electronic implants: e.g. pacemakers, stimulators, insulin

pumps
❏ Artificial heart valves, aneurysm clips
❏ Metal splinters in the eye (danger of retinal detachment)
❏ Artificial anus (anus praeter) with magnetic closure
❏ Transdermal adhesive dressing
❏ Electrically conductive implants and prostheses
❏ Metallic spirals for contraception (IUDs = Intra Uterin
Devices)
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Exceptions: Certain implanted medical devices are approved by

the governing regulatory bodies to be MR conditionally safe. For
such implants, the general Siemens contraindications as previ-
ously mentioned may not be applicable. Please contact the
implant manufacturer for the specific conditional information.
The conditions for MR safety are the responsibility of the
implant manufacturer, not of Siemens. A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
Electronic and/or electrically conductive implants and magnetiz-

able inclusions in static and low-frequency magnetic fields and
A.2
RF fields! A.2
Risk of patient death/patient injury A.2
✧ Ask the patient about implants and inclusions.

✧ Do not perform MR examinations on patients with elec-
tronic or electrically conductive implants and magnetizable
inclusions.
✧ Ensure that patients wearing such implants and/or inclu-
sions remain outside the exclusion zone (0.5 mT line).
Exceptions: Certain implanted medical devices are approved by

the governing regulatory bodies to be MR conditionally safe. For
such implants, the previously mentioned warning may not be
applicable. Please contact the implant manufacturer for the spe-
cific conditional information. The conditions for MR safety are
the responsibility of the implant manufacturer, not of Siemens. A.2
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A.2
CAUTION A.2
Eddy currents induced by low-frequency magnetic fields! A.2
Patient burns
A.2 A.2
✧ Do not examine patients with electrically conducting

implants or prostheses.
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Electrically conducting objects! A.2
Injury to patient due to warming

A.2 A.2
Incorrect diagnosis due to artifacts A.2
✧ Request that the patient removes all electrically conducting

objects, e.g. necklaces, rings, braces, rubber bands for long
hair, piercings as well as jewelry.
✧ Request that the patient removes all clothing including
electrically conducting material, e.g. bras.
✧ Inform patients that eyeliners and tattoos may contain
ingredients causing artifacts or skin irritations during MR
examinations. In some cases, patients have been burned.
✧ To prevent injuries, instruct patients to remove makeup
prior to the examination.
✧ Instruct patients to seek medical attention in case of dis-
comfort during or following the MR examination.
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Mechanical hazards A.2
Collision and points of injury A.2 Collisions and injuries are more prevalent when using the
exchangeable tabletop, the patient table or when performing
maintenance activities. A.2
✧ Observe the warning and prohibition signs as well as the

safety information.
B A
If you plan a patient intervention outside the magnet, activate
the Table Stop button as a precautionary measure to avoid acci-
dental patient table movement. A.2
A.2
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CAUTION A.2
Vertical and horizontal movement of the patient table! A.2
Injury to patient and other persons

A.2 A.2
Damage to the patient table A.2
✧ Explain the significance of protocol-controlled table move-

ments to the patient.
✧ Ensure that there are no persons or objects within the haz-
ardous zone of the patient table.
✧ Ensure that the coil, the patient's clothing or hair and the
straps do not extend over or hang off the patient table or
that the IV tube does not get caught and the IV needle
remains in the patient during table movement.
✧ In case of hazardous conditions, press the Table Stop but-
ton.
✧ Secure the patient’s arms with straps so that the patient is
not caught between the tabletop and the magnet cover and
remain in the MR examination room with helpless patients
(e.g., children and patients who are either seriously ill, par-
alyzed, unconscious, sedated, handicapped or medicated),
even if the patients are secured during the examination.
✧ Keep the patient under visual or acoustic control.
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Hazard of falling down A.2 The hazard of falling down is related in particular to the unfavo-
rable routing of cables/hoses of interventional components. A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Cable/hoses of interventional components! A.2
Injury to patient and operating personnel

A.2 A.2
✧ Route cables/hoses of interventional components so that it

is not possible to trip over them.
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MR compatibility A.2
Combinations with other Among other things, the following hazards or complications
systems, accessories A.2 may occur through the use of third-party products during MR
examinations: A.2
❏ Heating of system cables or connection cables

❏ Interference with MR image quality
❏ Malfunctioning of third-party products
If the MR system is combined with other systems or compo-

nents, it has to be ensured that the planned combination and
cable routing do not affect the safety of patients, personnel, or
the environment. A.2
B A
Ensure that the devices used in the examination room are com-
patible with the field strength of the MR system. Devices com-
patible with 1.5 T systems may be unsuitable for 3 T systems. A.2
✧ Contact Siemens Service prior to combining the MR system

with other devices.
✧ Ensure MR compatibility and adhere to the instructions pro-
vided by Siemens Service.
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Interferences A.2 Peripheral equipment (e.g. patient monitoring, life support or

emergency care equipment) which is not specified or recom-
mended for use in the MRI environment, including the scan
room, may be disturbed by the RF field or the magnetic fringe
field of the MR system. This equipment may also disturb the
proper function of the MR system. A.2
MR-safe A.2 MR-safe products are those that do not present additional risks
to the patient or other personnel within the environment of the
MR system. They can adversely affect the quality of diagnostic
information. A.2
MR-compatible A.2 The following devices are rated as MR-compatible: A.2
❏ MR-safe devices
❏ Devices whose presence in the MR environment has a min-
imal effect on image quality
❏ Devices that fulfill their purpose with respect to their spec-
ifications safely and without interference in the MR envi-
ronment
B A
Similarly, MR-compatible devices may present hazards as well.
Please observe the manufacturer's operator manual to avoid
potential hazards. A.2
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What else must be observed? A.2
Ambient conditions A.2
Access to the examination Free access to and exit from the examination room must be
room A.2 ensured at all times. A.2
✧ Regularly check the correct functioning of the door to the

examination room.
✧ Ensure that the door to the examination room opens and
closes correctly.
Regulating the room tem- The patient’s ability to dissipate surplus heat is increasingly
perature A.2 affected as the room temperature and relative humidity
increase. A.2
✧ Ensure that the room temperature is at max. 22 °C and the

relative humidity does not exceed 60 %.
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Noise development A.2
The mechanical forces lead to noise development (humming,

knocking noises) during the MR examination. A.2
❏ Due to an increase in tension, the permissible sound pres-

sure level may be reason for concern for pregnant women
and their unborn, for newborns, infants and small children
as well as older persons.
❏ Anesthesized or unconscious patients have to be provided
with mandatory hearing protection.
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Noise development during the MR examination! A.2
Injury to patient (hearing loss)

A.2 A.2
✧ Provide the patient with appropriate hearing protection

that lowers noise to 99 dB(A) (→ System owner manual).
✧ Ensure that personnel in the examination room wear hear-
ing protection during the examination.
✧ For MR examinations on infants or MR examinations with

head coils, use an alternative hearing protection, e.g. ear
plugs.
Coils/quality assurance A.2
Safety instructions covering the intended use of coils and meas-

urement phantoms are included in a separate operator manual
(→ Coil operator manual). A.2
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Patient care A.2
Patient information A.2 Patients have to be informed about the hazards and safety
measures during MR examinations. Before doing so, it must be
confirmed that an MR examination is permissible and/or
checked if increased precautions are necessary. A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Patient received insufficient clarification of facts! A.2
Injury to patient
A.2 A.2
✧ Explain to the patient the conduct expected and possible

risks involved.
✧ Inform the patient about the monitoring and communica-
tion equipment, e.g. squeeze ball, intercom.
✧ Instruct the patient regarding possible heat development
during the MR examination.
✧ Inform the patient about noise developing during the MR
examination.
✧ Prior to the MR examination, instruct patients of possible
stimulations during the examination, i.e. twitching mus-
cles, tingling sensation.
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Patient monitoring A.2 Patients may be acoustically as well as visually and physiologi-
cally monitored in the MR system. A.2
1. The viewing window or a video system is used for visual

monitoring.
2. The intercom can be used to acoustically contact the
patient. (→ Page B.7-1 Description)
3. MR-compatible monitoring devices can be used to monitor
the patient's vital parameters.
B A
For some (e.g. sedated, physically unstable) patients, monitor-
ing of the vital parameters with MR-compatible monitoring
devices is mandatory. A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
MR-incompatible monitoring devices! A.2
Patient burns
A.2 A.2
✧ Use only MR-compatible monitoring devices, e.g. ECG elec-

trodes and pulse sensor.
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Artifacts and imaging errors A.2
Due to their magnetizability, foreign objects in the area of the

magnet bore cause strong local distortions of the basic field and
lead to considerable image artifacts. Depending on the level of
distortion, diagnosis may be difficult, impaired or completely
impossible. A.2
Causes A.2 Artifacts and imaging errors are listed according to their source
for error: A.2
❏ System-related artifacts/imaging errors

❏ Patient-related artifacts/imaging errors
❏ User-related artifacts/imaging errors (→ Software operator
manual)
User-related and patient-related artifacts/imaging errors can be

largely avoided through patient instructions and proper conduct
of patient and personnel. A.2
System-related artifacts/imaging errors A.2
The MR image may show system-related artifacts/imaging errors

despite careful preparation. A.2
✧ If the same artifact/imaging error appears repeatedly, doc-

ument and submit it to Siemens Service.
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High field and ultra-high

A.2
field A.2
CAUTION A.2
Artifacts caused by 3 Tesla magnetic fields! A.2
Incorrect diagnosis
A.2 A.2
✧ MR images should be interpreted by an MR-trained physi-

cian only. He must have special training in artifacts that
may have been caused by a 3 Tesla magnetic field.
Stripe artifacts
A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
RF-signal interference caused by non-MR-compatible accesso-

ries, e.g. patient monitoring devices! A.2
A.2
Streaks and bright spots in the MR image A.2
✧ Use only MR-compatible accessories.

✧ Keep the door to the examination room closed.
✧ Vary the bandwidth of the MR sequence.
✧ Whenever possible, use local coils for the MR examination.
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Incorrect slice positioning

A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Phasing of MR signal is not set correctly! A.2
Structure is shown in the wrong position

A.2 A.2
✧ Repeat the measurement for the structure in question by

using a second orthogonal slice and check whether the
position of the structure is reproducible nor not.
Variations in brightness
A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Local variation in the sensitivity of local coils! A.2
Continuous fluctuations in MR image brightness

A.2 A.2
✧ Whenever possible use a local coil with transmit character-

istics that are more suitable for the “FoV” desired.
✧ Use the normalization filter.
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A.2
CAUTION A.2
Static and/or stationary brightness errors on the LCD monitor! A.2
Incorrect diagnosis
A.2 A.2
✧ Change the image to ensure that the MR image does not

show differences in brightness, spots, or cloudiness.
✧ Check bright objects for afterglow.
✧ View the LCD monitor only when it is centered and in the
vertical position.
Variations in signal and con-

A.2
trast A.2
CAUTION A.2
Inhomogeneous RF field! A.2
Right-left asymmetry of contrast in the MR image

A.2 A.2
✧ Whenever possible use a local coil with transmit character-

istics that are more suitable for the “FoV” desired.
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Distortions/signal oblitera-
A.2
tion along the edges A.2
CAUTION A.2
Spatial non-linearity of the gradient field and inhomogeneity of

the static magnetic field! A.2
A.2
Pin-cushion and barrel-shaped distortions and/or loss of sig-

nal in the margins of the MR-image A.2
✧ Go through a distortion correction.

✧ Position the region to be examined as close to the magnet
isocenter as possible.
✧ Use phantoms for the control measurements.
Localization errors due to

A.2
distortion A.2
CAUTION A.2
Incorrect localization data due to spatial non-linearity of the gra-

dient field and inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field! A.2
A.2
Incorrect stereotactic planning A.2
✧ Take localization errors into account while planning stereo-

tactic invasions.
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Potato chip artifact

A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Distorted slice edges in the margin due to spatial non-linearity

of the gradient field and inhomogeneity of the static magnetic
A.2
field! A.2
Incorrect stereotactic planning A.2
✧ When planning stereotactic invasions, take into account

slice warping at the margins of the MR image. This applies
in particular to graphic slice positioning (GSP) as well as
other graphic slice displays and slice positioning data inde-
pendent of the possible use of distortion correction.
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Patient-related artifacts/imaging errors A.2
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Incorrect MR image! A.2
Incorrect diagnosis
A.2 A.2
✧ Prior to the examination, inform patients about move-

ments and their negative effects on the measurement.
✧ Ensure that the patient does not move during the measure-
ment.
✧ Monitor the patient during the MR examination.
A.2
CAUTION A.2
Paradigm not followed or noticeable patient movement! A.2
Incorrect stereotactic planning

A.2 A.2
✧ Prior to the examination, inform patients about move-

ments and their negative effects on the measurement.
✧ Use Siemens scan protocols with motion correction.
✧ Monitor the patient to ensure that the task is performed
correctly.
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Maintenance/repair A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
High voltage and currents inside the electronics cabinets! A.2
Improper cleaning of the system! A.2
A.2
Risk of death by electrocution A.2
✧ Electronics cabinets should be opened by Siemens Service

only.
✧ Clean the system with a damp cloth only.
Daily checks A.2 Windows, doors, and emergency flaps must not be blocked. A.2
Safety-relevant accessories A.2 The following safety-relevant accessories should be checked: A.2
❏ All RF coils for the transmitting and receiving system (some

are optional)
❏ ECG and respiratory sensor (optional)
❏ Disposable electrodes (optional)
❏ Pulse sensor (optional)
Serious malfunctions A.2 In case of serious malfunctions, shut down the MR system
immediately and notify Siemens Service. A.2
Maintenance A.2 For detailed information about maintenance of the MR system,

please refer to the separate system owner manual. (→ System
owner manual) A.2
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Signs and symbols A.2
Warning signs
A.2
A.2
A.2 A.2
A.2
NMR magnetic field A.2 RF field A.2 Observe operator manual A.2
A.2 A.2 A.2 A.2
Potential injury to Risk of injury A.2 Risk of breaking A.2 Laser radiation A.2
persons A.2
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A.2
A.2
A.2
Laser A.2 Laser (for the US only) A.2
A.2
A.2
Refilling with liquid nitrogen and helium A.2 A.2
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Prohibition signs A.2 The following objects are prohibited in the examination room: A.2
A.2
A.2 A.2 A.2 A.2
Implants susceptible Open flames, no Metallic implants and Mechanical watches

to electromagnetic smoking A.2 other metallic objects and electronic data
effects A.2 inside the body A.2 carriers A.2
A.2
A.2 A.2 A.2
Fire extinguishers Metal parts, e.g. Electronic data carri- A.2
with magnetizable tools A.2 ers A.2
metal housing A.2
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A.2
A.2
A.2
Unauthorized access A.2 Implants susceptible to electromagnetic

effects A.2
Further symbols
A.2
A.2
A.2 A.2 A.2
Sign requiring mandatory Protective class symbol B for Protective class symbol BF for
hearing protection A.2 application parts A.2 application parts A.2
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In case of emergency A.2
✧ Before working with the system, familiarize yourself with

the location and functionality of the emergency switches
installed.
✧ Report all accidents resulting in personal injury immedi-
ately to the appropriate authorities or the employer’s liabil-
ity insurance carrier.
✧ Observe the established emergency plans (e.g. emergency
plan in case of coolant accidents, emergency plan for fire
fighting).
Emergency switches A.2
The MR system has different types of emergency switches. A.2
A.2
Switch A.2 Effect A.2 Emergency A.2
Magnet Stop A.2 Shutting down the magnetic e.g. in case of accidents with attracted
field (quenching) A.2 metal parts or in case of fire A.2
Emergency MR system is switched off A.2 e.g. fire A.2
Shut-down A.2
Table Stop A.2 Motorized table movement is in case of accidents or injury due to
stopped A.2 table movement A.2
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In case of emergency, the relevant switch should be pressed. A.2
A.2
(1) Magnet Stop switch

(2) Emergency Shut-down switch
(3) Table Stop button
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Magnet Stop switch A.2 The Magnet Stop switch triggers a controlled magnet quench
(shutting down the magnetic field). The MR system is not dis-
connected from the power. A.2
There are two different versions at the MR system for the Mag-
net Stop switch: as an individual switch or as an integral part of
the alarm box. The switches may also be installed in other places
at the MR system. A.2
A.2
After the Magnet Stop switch has been pressed, an alarm is

triggered at the alarm box. The MAG STOP LED will light up, and
an alarm signal will sound. A.2
B A
As a rule, Siemens Service has to be called following a quench.
The magnet may be put back into operation by Siemens Service
personnel only. A.2
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A.2
WARNING A.2
Formation of droplets due to condensation during quenching! A.2
Personal injury
A.2 A.2
Risk of fire A.2
✧ Do not touch the exhaust line.

✧ Do not stand under the exhaust line.
✧ Avoid open flames and do not smoke.
Emergency Shut-down The Emergency Shut-down switch is a separate red switch

switch A.2 located near the alarm box. The switch is used to switch off the
entire MR system. A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
Fire or electrical accidents! A.2
Personal injury
A.2 A.2
✧ Press the EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN switch immediately.

✧ Contact your fire department.
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Table Stop button A.2 The Table Stop button is used to stop motorized table move-
ment. It is located on the control unit and on the intercom. A.2
A.2
Medical emergency A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
Medical emergency during MR measurements! A.2
Risk of death to patients

A.2 A.2
✧ Terminate the measurement immediately.

✧ Remove patients from the examination room for treatment
unless it is certain that the medical equipment required is
appropriate for use inside an MR room.
✧ Do not store or operate oxygen tanks, defibrillators or other
auxiliary tools for resuscitation in the examination room.
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A.2
CAUTION A.2
Squeeze bulb is defective! A.2
Risk of injury to patient because emergencies cannot be

A.2
communicated A.2
✧ Check the functionality of the squeeze bulb daily.
Coolant accidents A.2
First aid in case of shortness A person becomes unconscious due to severe shortness of
of breath A.2 breath: A.2
✧ Remove unconscious persons immediately from the room.

✧ Start CPR immediately and contact a physician immedi-
ately.
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First aid in case of frostbite A.2 Direct contact with subzero liquids, gases, and surfaces (e.g.
pipes) may lead to frostbite. The eyes and mucous membranes
are especially vulnerable. A.2
A.2
WARNING A.2
Improper handling of liquid helium! A.2
Skin damage caused by frostbite

A.2 A.2
✧ Do not rub frostbitten skin areas.
✧ Remove clothing carefully from the locations involved.

✧ Rinse frostbitten skin with lukewarm water.
✧ Cover frostbitten skin with sterile bandages.
✧ Do not apply powder or creams.
✧ Contact a physician immediately.
Fire A.2
Fire fighting A.2 The following devices/materials may be used for fire fighting: A.2
❏ Non-magnetic CO2 extinguisher

❏ Self-contained, anti-magnetic compressed-air breathing
apparatus (or hose connection)
❏ Airtight chemical protective suit
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PART A.2 MR system components
B
B.1 Overview MR system B.1-1
Super-conducting magnet B.1-1
Electronics cabinets B.1-2
RF coils B.1-4
B.2 syngo Acquisition Workplace B.2-1

Host B.2-1
Data recording B.2-2
Monitor B.2-3
Keyboard B.2-4
Mouse B.2-6
syngo MR Workplace (optional) B.2-6
B.3 In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace B.3-1

Description B.3-1
Operation B.3-2
Operating the trackball and the keys B.3-3
Adjusting the monitor B.3-4
Operating the footswitch B.3-5
B.4 Control unit B.4-1

Control buttons B.4-2
Table display B.4-2
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syngo MR B17 B-1

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MR system components
B.5 Laser light localizer B.5-1
B.6 Alarm box B.6-1

Description B.6-1
Checks B.6-3
B.7 Intercom B.7-1

Description B.7-1
Operation B.7-3
Listening to announcements made by the patient B.7-4
Transmitting live announcements to the
examination room B.7-4
Transmitting automatic voice output to the
examination room B.7-5
Playing music inside the examination room B.7-6
Stopping the patient table movement B.7-8
Terminating the measurement sequence B.7-8
Acknowledging the patient alert B.7-9
Listening to physiological monitoring signals B.7-9
B.8 Patient table B.8-1

Description B.8-1
Operation B.8-4
Rescuing the patient in an emergency B.8-6
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B-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System

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CHAPTER B.0 Overview MR system
B.1
Super-conducting magnet B.1
Magnetic field B.1 The super-conducting magnet generates a strong homogene-

ous magnetic field with a field strength of 3.0 T. B.1
Cooling system B.1 The magnet is filled with liquid helium as a coolant. Following
installation, it is adjusted to the desired operating field strength.
The ramped-up magnet does not require additional electric
power to maintain the magnetic field. However, under normal
operating conditions, liquid helium boils off slowly so that Sie-
mens Service has to refill it once a year. B.1
Shielding B.1 To minimize the effects of the magnetic fringe field on the envi-
ronment, the magnet of the MR system is equipped with active
super-conducting shielding. B.1
Gradient system B.1 The gradient system provides precisely localizing slice positions. B.1
MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System is equipped with the whole-body

gradient system TQ engine (→ System owner manual). B.1
For research purposes, your MR system may be additionally pre-

pared for use with a head gradient coil. The switch-over for both
gradient systems is installed at the wall behind the MR system. B.1
B B
The MR system is exclusively approved for use with whole-body
gradient systems. This approval is no longer valid when the sys-
tem has been switched over to the head gradient coil. Ensure
that the switch-over is in the horizontal position during stand-
ard patient operation (GC whole-body operation). B.1
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Overview MR system MR system components
Electronics cabinets B.1
The electronics cabinets are located in the engineering room or

the operating room. B.1
B.1
(1) RF power amplifier

(2) Gradient cabinet
(3) Control cabinet
(4) System separator
Gradient cabinet B.1 The gradient cabinet contains the power electronics for gener-
ating the magnetic field gradients. B.1
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B.1-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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MR system components Overview MR system
Control cabinet B.1 The control cabinet includes different electronics components
to operate the MR system. B.1
The control cabinet includes a sequence-programmable, optical

trigger signal output which can be made externally accessible
by Siemens Service via installation of a fiber optic cable. B.1
B B
Please note that Siemens provides customers with the optical
trigger signal output for research purposes only. No devices con-
nected to this output have been tested by Siemens. Before con-
necting devices to the MR suite using the optical trigger signal
output, they have to be tested for safety by trained personnel. B.1
Before using devices in the proximity of the magnet, their

non-magnetic properties and clinical operation in the magnetic
field have to be confirmed. B.1
The use of devices connected to the optical trigger signal output

has to comply with any applicable governmental or local hospi-
tal Institutional Review Boards (IRBS). B.1
Siemens will not be held responsible for the use of any device
and resulting consequences in connection with the optical trig-
ger signal output. B.1
RF power amplifier B.1 The RF power amplifier provides the radio frequency signals for
the MR measurement. B.1
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Overview MR system MR system components
RF coils B.1
The description, handling and quality measurements for RF coils

are included in a separate operator manual (→ Coil operator
manual). B.1
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CHAPTER B.1 syngo Acquisition Work-
B.2 place
The workplace in the operating room is known as syngo Acqui-

sition Workplace (syngo Acq WP). It includes the host processor
with the operating elements monitor, keyboard, and mouse. B.2
An additional component of the syngo Acquisition Workplace is

the intercom. (→ Page B.7-1 Description) B.2
B.2
Host B.2
Among others, the host processor includes the following func-

tions: B.2
❏ Patient management
❏ Image selection and storage
❏ Measurement sequence management
Starting/stopping the host processor. (→ Page D.2-1 Starting

up and shutting down the MR system) B.2
i B
Measured MR images may be transferred to other systems or
computers via the network connection (e.g. PACS or RIS sys-
tems). MR images from other systems or computers can be
received via the network as well. B.2
Information about network connections is displayed in the

Info... dialog window. B.2
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syngo Acquisition Workplace MR system components
Data recording B.2
The MR system provides the following modules for data record-

ing: B.2
❏ CD burner
❏ DVD drive
An interface (e.g. USB connection) for a paper printer is also

available. B.2
The burn and read process is started via the software.

(→ Software operator manual) B.2
Data carrier B.2 Only CD-Rs (Recordable) labeled “Medical Grade” and having a
gold-colored layer are suitable for documenting data for medi-
cal purposes. Siemens Service will provide you with CD-Rs. B.2
B B
Please note the handling, care, storage of CDs, CD-Rs, and DVDs
addressed by the respective manufacturers. B.2
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MR system components syngo Acquisition Workplace
Monitor B.2
The monitor is used for displaying MR images as well as user dia-

logs. It is switched on or off as part of the overall MR system. B.2
All other adjustments are blocked since the monitor is already

optimally configured by Siemens Service. B.2
B B
Do not touch the surface of the screen using sharp, pointed
objects. B.2
Do not position containers holding fluids, e.g. cups or glasses,

on top of the monitor. B.2
In addition, general cleaning remarks have to be observed. B.2
The monitor may be opened only by authorized Siemens Service

personnel. B.2
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Keyboard B.2
The MR system is equipped with an original Siemens keyboard.

This keyboard is a modified Windows keyboard where the
numeric keys have been replaced with symbol keys. B.2
The symbol keys are used to access frequently used functions.

The F4, F5, F6, F7, and F8 function keys enable you to access
the individual task cards. The F1 function key lets you access the
Online help. B.2
B.2
Function B.2 Original Siemens key B.2 Windows key B.2
Increase/decrease image brightness B.2 NUM / / B.2
(set window position) B.2
/ B.2
Increase/decrease contrast B.2 */- B.2
(set the window width) B.2
/ B.2
Automatically set contrast and bright- 9 B.2
ness B.2
B.2
Page forth/back in the examination B.2 8/7 B.2
/ B.2
Page forth/back in the series B.2 5/4 B.2
/ B.2
Page forth/back image by image B.2 2/1 B.2
/ B.2
Open patient registration B.2 Ins B.2
B.2
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MR system components syngo Acquisition Workplace
Function B.2 Original Siemens key B.2 Windows key B.2
Selecting the Patient Browser B.2 Del B.2
B.2
Copy to film sheet B.2 Enter B.2
B.2
Highlight B.2 3 B.2
B.2
Send to node 11 B.2

+ B.2
B.2
1
If the computer system is connected to a clinic-wide processor network (HIS/RIS), use the
Examination task card to send images to other network addresses via node 1.
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Mouse B.2
The MR system is equipped with a three-button mouse. B.2
❏ Left mouse button:

❏ Selecting or moving objects
❏ Starting applications
❏ Executing commands
❏ Center mouse button:
Changing the window values of patient images B.2
❏ Right mouse button:

Opening the context menu (depending on the position of
the mouse pointer) B.2
syngo MR Workplace (optional) B.2
The syngo MR Workplace allows for evaluation, documentation

and post-processing of previously measured images while
acquiring images at the syngo Acquisition Workplace. It
accesses the database of the host processor. B.2
It is not possible to perform measurements at the syngo MR

Workplace. It is not connected to the MR scanner or the image
reconstruction system. B.2
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CHAPTER B.2 In-Room syngo Acquisition
B.3 Workplace
Description B.3
The In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace (In-Room syngo Acq

WP) is an additional operating console in the examination room.
It is used for image viewing and MR system operation. B.3
The In-Room syngo Acq WP is connected with the host processor

and facilitates the examination process by allowing the operat-
ing personnel to remain inside the examination room between
procedures. B.3
The In-Room syngo Acq WP is used as follows: B.3
❏ Displaying MR guided procedures

❏ Quickly adjusting patient positioning for survey measure-
ments
❏ Immediately starting the measurement after administering
contrast medium
The constant presence of operating personnel inside the exam-

ination room allows uninterrupted patient care and quick inter-
vention in case of complications. B.3
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In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace MR system components
The In-Room syngo Acq WP comprises the following compo-

nents: B.3
(1) LCD monitor
(2) Tray with trackball and keys
(3) Foot switch (optional)

As an alternative, the monitor can be suspended from the ceil-
ing. B.3
B.3
Operation B.3
The In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace (In-Room syngo Acq

WP) is operated via the trackball and three keys. The same soft-
ware functions are available as they are with the syngo Acquisi-
tion Workplace. B.3
B.3
CAUTION B.3
Diagnosis at the In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace! B.3
Incorrect diagnosis
B.3 B.3
✧ Do not use the In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace for

diagnostic purposes.
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MR system components In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace
Operating the trackball and the keys B.3
B.3
(1) Keys
(2) Trackball
(3) Handle
The keys have the same functions as those of the mouse. B.3
✧ Roll the trackball to move the pointer on the program inter-

face.
✧ Press the keys to execute a specific application.
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syngo MR B17 B.3-3

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Adjusting the monitor B.3
The monitor height and tilt can be adjusted for easy and com-
fortable operation. B.3
Setting the tilt B.3
B.3
✧ Release the locking lever by turning it counter-clockwise by

90° .
✧ Press lightly against the upper or lower edge of the display
to move the monitor into the desired tilt position.
Adjusting the monitor ✧ Turn the wheel clockwise to raise the monitor.
height B.3
✧ Turn the wheel counter-clockwise to lower the monitor.
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MR system components In-Room syngo Acquisition Workplace
Operating the footswitch B.3
The footswitch is used to start and stop the MR measurement in

the examination room. B.3
(1) Hose
(2) Hose connector
(3) Push-button unit
(4) Footswitch Start/Stop

For additional support, labels can be affixed to the footswitches. B.3
B.3
B.3
Start label B.3
B.3
Stop label B.3
B.3
Performing the measure- MR measurements with the footswitch are only possible for pro-
ment B.3 tocols that where configured for manual start-up. This is the
case, e.g. for protocols with MR measurements after administer-
ing contrast medium. B.3
If the protocol is configured for repeated measurements, the

next measurement can be started with the footswitch after
completing the preceding measurement. For more information
regarding the configuration of protocols: (→ Software operator
manual) B.3
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syngo MR B17 B.3-5

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✧ Push the hose plug into the retaining rings of the push-but-
ton unit.
✧ Load a suitable protocol and start it at the syngo Acq WP or
the In-Room syngo Acq WP.
The MR system is waiting for the manual start of the protocol. B.3
✧ Press the Start footswitch to begin the measurement.
i B
As an alternative, you can start and end the measurement via
the In-Room syngo Acq WP or the syngo Acq WP. B.3
✧ Press the Stop footswitch to end the measurement.
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CHAPTER B.3 Control unit
B.4
The control unit provides the following functions: B.4
❏ Controlling the patient table movement

❏ Starting/stopping the measurement
❏ Adjusting the music volume
❏ Setting the tunnel lighting and ventilation
❏ Switching the laser light localizer on/off
The operating units are located to the right and left side of the
patient table on the front side of the magnet cover. B.4
B.4
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Control unit MR system components
Control buttons B.4
B.4
(1) Buttons for moving the table

(2) Laser Light Localizer button
(4) Buttons for setting the tunnel/music volume
(5) Start/Stop button
All buttons have a luminous ring. B.4
Table display B.4
The table display shows the status of the functions executed via
the control units. B.4
The table displays are located on the right and left side of the
patient table on the front side of the magnet cover. An optional
third display can be installed in back of the magnet in connec-
tion with a third control unit. B.4
B.4
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MR system components Control unit
B.4
(1) Text output line

(2) Table position (+/-)
(3) Direction arrows for horizontal table movement
(4) Combined directional arrows (vertical, horizontal)
(5) Collisions when moving the table in the vertical direction
(6) Direction arrows for vertical table movement
(7) Locking mechanism for exchangeable tabletop
(8) Exchangeable tabletop (optional) and trolley (optional)
(9) Overheating brake
(10) Patient on table
(11) For Siemens service only
(12) Coil socket assignments
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Control unit MR system components
Text output line B.4 The text output line of the table display shows the following
information: B.4
❏ Brightness of tunnel lighting, fan for tunnel ventilation, vol-

ume of intercom and of headphones
❏ Name of the last connected coil (displays briefly after estab-
lishing the connection)
❏ Error indications
Coil sockets B.4
The current coil socket assignments are indicated by the corre-

sponding icons on the table display. B.4
Blinking icons indicate coil malfunctions or incomplete coil

assembly. B.4
B.4
Relative table position B.4 The relative position of the tabletop is shown in mm.
(→ Page B.8-4 Operation) B.4
0000 mm on the display indicates that the slice to be measured

is positioned in the magnet isocenter (center position). This is a
prerequisite for obtaining optimal image quality. B.4
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CHAPTER B.4 Laser light localizer
B.5
The laser light localizer facilitates correct patient positioning.
The laser light localizer is located on top at the entrance to the
magnet bore. B.5
All laser-relevant locations at the MR system are identified by

warning labels affixed directly next to the laser opening. B.5
B.5
Using the laser light localiz- Anesthetized patients or patients who, for a number of reasons,
er B.5 do not have a blinking reflex have to be protected against the
effects of the laser beam. B.5
✓ The patient is positioned on the tabletop.

✓ The patient table has been moved to measurement height.
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Laser light localizer MR system components
B.5
WARNING B.5
Laser beam of the laser light localizer! B.5
Eye injury caused by laser beam

B.5 B.5
✧ Ensure that the operating and adjustment devices as well

as methods given are used as described.
✧ Inform the patient about the laser and request that he
keeps his eyes closed during positioning.
✧ Ensure that helpless patients keep their eyes closed during
the positioning procedure.
✧ Press the Laser Light Localizer button on the control unit.

The laser light localizer is switched on. A crosshair is visible
B.5
directly below the area. B.5
✧ Use the movement buttons to move the tabletop so that

the crosshairs point precisely to the region of interest.
The slice for measurement is marked. The table display shows
the relative tabletop position of the marked slice. B.5
i B
When the table is not moving, the laser light localizer shuts off
automatically after 60 seconds. B.5
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CHAPTER B.5 Alarm box
B.6
Description B.6
The alarm box has the following functions: B.6
❏ Displays monitoring and alarm signals

❏ Switches the MR system on and off
❏ Magnet Stop / Magnet Quench
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syngo MR B17 B.6-1

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Alarm box MR system components
The alarm box is installed near the syngo Acquisition Workplace. B.6
B.6
(1) LINE POWER LED

(2) HELIUM LEVEL LED
(3) MAG STOP LED
(4) Without any function
(5) COMPRESSOR LED
(6) BATTERY LOW LED
(7) EIS LED
(8) COMMS FAULT LED
(9) ACKNOWLEDGE button
(10) Magnet STOP switch
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MR system components Alarm box
Checks B.6
B.6
WARNING B.6
MR system malfunction! B.6
Hazardous conditions for patients

B.6 B.6
✧ Note the sounding alarm and signal.

✧ Do not perform MR examinations.
✧ Notify Siemens Service.
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syngo MR B17 B.6-3

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Check LEDs B.6 The LEDs indicate alarm messages. B.6
B.6
LED B.6 LEDs light up to indicate B.6
LINE POWER B.6 Voltage supply of MR system is satisfac-

tory B.6
HELIUM LEVEL B.6 Helium fill level is too low B.6
MAG STOP B.6 Magnet Stop switch is pressed / quench

triggered B.6
or: B.6
Error in the Magnet Stop circuit B.6
COMPRESSOR B.6 Error in the compressor B.6
BATTERY LOW B.6 Battery for magnet supervision is get-

ting weaker B.6
EIS B.6 Error when resetting EIS B.6
COMMS FAULT B.6 Communication error B.6
✧ Check all LEDs (except LINE POWER) for alarm messages.

An alarm is present when a red LED lights up and/or an alarm
sounds. B.6
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0.
MR system components Alarm box
✧ In case of an alarm, press the ACKNOWLEDGE button to

silence the alarm, and notify Siemens Service.
✧ Verify that the LINE POWER LED is green.
✧ If the LINE POWER LED is not on: Check the power supply
of the MR system.
f B B
The LINE POWER LED is off, although the power supply is func-
tioning properly? B.6
✧ Notify Siemens Service.

B.6
B B
After a power failure, the battery powers the magnet monitor-
ing system for another 14 days. During this time, the magnet
can still be quenched, i.e., the magnetic field can be shut down
by pressing the Magnet Stop switch in case of emergency. B.6
Remote monitoring B.6 After installing remote monitoring, various error messages can
be output centrally (e.g. to the front door or gate): B.6
✧ Please contact Siemens Service regarding questions about

remote monitoring.
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0.

0.
CHAPTER B.6 Intercom
B.7
Description B.7
The intercom allows personnel and patients to communicate

during the examination. The staff is able to instruct the patient
or play music or automatic voice outputs in the examination
room via the loudspeaker or the headset. B.7
Components B.7 The intercom consists of the following components: B.7
❏ Central unit in back of the syngo Acquisition Workplace

❏ Loudspeakers, headphones, microphone and volume con-
trol in the examination room
❏ Operating section at the syngo Acquisition Workplace
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Intercom MR system components
B.7
Operating components of intercom (1)
(1) Patient instructions volume control

(2) Listen mode volume control
(3) CV/CBT switch
(4) Trigger signal volume control
(6) Microphone
(7) Listen LED
(8) Listen button
(9) Music on LED
(10) Play music button
(11) Squeeze bulb/announcement active LED
(12) Speak button
(13) Speakers
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MR system components Intercom
Patient alert B.7 Patients may use the squeeze bulb to alert the operating per-
sonnel (patient alert): B.7
❏ Acoustically:
❏ Continuous tone over the intercom
❏ Brief feedback signal via the patient’s headset and
wall speaker in the examination room
❏ Visually:
❏ LED display on the intercom
B B
Patients, for example, young children or sedated patients, who
may not be able to alert the operating personnel in the event of
an emergency have to be monitored by a person present in the
examination room. B.7
Operation B.7
Intercom operation is partially software-based. All relevant

information is included in the instructions below. For detailed
information regarding the operation of the software:
(→ Software operator manual) B.7
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Listening to announcements made by the

patient B.7
✧ Press the Listen button.

The LED Listen lights up. B.7
Patient announcements and sounds from the examination

room are transmitted to the control room (Listen mode). B.7
✧ Set the volume at the volume control Listen mode at the

control unit of the intercom.
✧ Press the Listen button again to end the transmission.
The LED Listen goes out. B.7
Transmitting live announcements to the

examination room B.7
✧ Set the volume at the volume control Patient instructions

at the control unit of the intercom.
✧ Press and hold the Speak button.
The Squeeze bulb/announcement active LED lights up. B.7
Music and automatic voice output are interrupted. B.7
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✧ Speak into the microphone from a distance of approx. 30 to

40 cm.
The patient can hear the announcement via the headphones
and the speaker. B.7
✧ Release the button to end the transmission.
Transmitting automatic voice output to the

examination room B.7
Set the upper volume limit B.7 The upper volume limit is set via software. Set once, the upper
limit is not changed for every examination; it is changed as per
requirement. B.7
✓ The Play music button is switched off, the Music on LED is

off.
✧ Set the CV/CBT switch to CV.
✧ Set the volume control Patient instructions to max. vol-
ume at the control unit.
✧ Use the software to initiate automatic voice output
(→ Software operator manual).
✧ Increase the volume in the software to a level until you
reach the desired upper limit volume in the examination
room.
✧ Decrease the final volume of the headset and loudspeaker
to the desired level using the volume regulator Patient
instructions at the operating unit of the intercom.
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0.
Start automatic voice output B.7 ✓ The upper volume limit is set.
✓ The Play music button is switched off, the Music on LED is
off.
✧ Set the CV/CBT switch to CV.
✧ Use the software to initiate automatic voice output
(→ Software operator manual).
✧ Set the desired volume at the headset and loudspeaker
using the volume regulator Patient instructions at the
control unit.
Playing music inside the examination room B.7
To play music in the examination room, an e.g. CD player or

walkman is connected to the central unit of the intercom. B.7
Connecting the audio equip- The connections for audio equipment are located at the central
ment B.7 unit of the intercom in back of the syngo Acquisition Workplace. B.7
(1) X10 (input, physiological monitoring signals)
(2) Music in (audio device connection)
(3) CV in (input for automatic voice output)
(4) Mic out (voice output to PC)
(5) Line out (output, active loudspeaker)
B.7
✧ Connect a suitable cable to the Music in connection of the
central unit of the intercom and at the output of the head-
set or at the Line out output of the audio equipment, e.g.
a CD player or a walkman.
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Set the upper limit for the The upper volume limit is set at the audio equipment. Once set,
volume B.7 changes are made to the audio equipment upon request only. B.7
✧ Go to the control unit at the magnet and set the volume

control for the headphones and the loudspeaker to the
highest volume possible.
✧ Increase the volume at the audio device until the upper
limit volume is set in the examination room.
✧ Reduce the final volume of the headset and the loud-
speaker to the desired value using the volume regulators at
the control unit on the magnet.
Start to play the music B.7 ✓ The upper volume limit is set.
✧ Press the Play music button.
The Music on LED lights up. B.7
✧ Start the music at the audio device.

The music plays through the patient’s headphones or the
speaker inside the examination room. B.7
If the Listen button is not pressed, the music is transmitted to

the operator’s room as well. B.7
If additional active speakers are connected to the Line out jack,

the music is also played back via the loudspeakers. B.7
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✧ Set the desired volume at the headset and loudspeaker

using the volume regulators at the control unit on the mag-
net.
✧ Set the CV/CBT switch to CBT to disable the music inside
the examination room.
— or — B.7
✧ Go to the control unit and turn the volume control fully to

the left (counter-clockwise).
Stopping the patient table movement B.7
✧ Press the Table Stop button.

The table movement is stopped immediately. B.7
B B
For interventions outside the magnet, movements of the
patient table can be stopped immediately by pressing the Table
Stop button. The measurement sequence is terminated. After
completion of the intervention, the control unit at the magnet
is enabled again. B.7
Terminating the measurement sequence B.7
✧ Press the Table Stop button very shortly one after the
other.
The measurement is terminated. B.7
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Acknowledging the patient alert B.7
✓ The patient alert is activated. An acoustic signal sounds at

the intercom. The Squeeze bulb/announcement active
LED flashes.
✧ Press the Speak button.
The signal stops sounding. The patient alert is switched off. The
transmission from the examination room is activated. It is now
possible to speak with the patient. B.7
Listening to physiological monitoring signals B.7
The operating personnel may use the intercom to listen to the

trigger pulses of the physiological monitoring signals. B.7
The volume of the trigger pulses can be set to three different

levels: B.7
❏ Low
❏ Average
❏ High
✧ Use the Trigger signal volume control to set the trigger

pulse volume.
The trigger pulses are transmitted at the desired volume. B.7
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B.7-10 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System

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CHAPTER B.7 Patient table
B.8
Description B.8
The patient table has the following functions: B.8
❏ Positioning the patient for the measurement

❏ Securing and positioning the coils used for the measure-
ment
❏ Positioning the patient in the magnet isocenter
The patient table consists of a table and a movable tabletop

securely attached to the table. The supporting frame is directly
installed at the magnet. B.8
The tabletop can be moved horizontally in the magnet bore.

When moved completely out of the magnet, the tabletop may
be moved vertically as well. B.8
For the purpose of orientation, the head and foot end of the
patient table are differentiated. B.8
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Patient table MR system components
B B
With respect to the weight capacity of the patient table, please
refer to the technical data or call your Siemens Service. B.8
B.8
(1) Tabletop
(2) Supporting frame
(3) Head end of patient table
(4) Foot end of patient table
Paper roll holder B.8
The paper roll holder is installed at the foot end of the table. It
can be swiveled. B.8
To minimize points of injury in the area of the magnet bore, the

paper roll holder on the patient table can be folded behind the
foot end of the patient table. B.8
B.8
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MR system components Patient table
Coil sockets B.8 Coil sockets 1 to 10 are located at the head and foot end of the
patient table. B.8
B.8
Connections B.8 The following connections for components or functions are

located at the foot end of the patient table. B.8
(1) Connection for vacuum cushion
(2) Connection for headphones
(3) Connection for squeeze bulb

The vacuum cushions are used for comfortable and secure posi-
tioning of various body regions. B.8
B.8
The patient can use the headphones to listen to announce-
ments or music during the measurement. B.8
The squeeze bulb allows the patient to get the attention of per-
sonnel during the measurement. An audible signal sounds at
the intercom when the patient squeezes the bulb. B.8
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Patient table positions B.8 To operate the patient table safely and efficiently, operating
personnel has to be familiar with its most important positions. B.8
B.8
Lowest Position B.8 End position B.8
Innermost Position B.8 End position B.8
Home Position B.8 End position (outermost and uppermost position), table is at
the height of moving into the magnet bore B.8
Last Scan Position B.8 Relative position of the tabletop during the last measurement B.8
Default Position B.8 Center of the Head Matrix is the magnet isocenter B.8
Center Position B.8 The body region to be measured is in the magnet isocenter B.8
Relative Position B.8 Distance between the slice marked with the light localizer and
the magnet isocenter B.8
The relative position and the actual tabletop movement are

shown on the table display. B.8
Operation B.8
The patient table can be controlled via the buttons on the con-
trol unit. B.8
For some measurements, the tabletop is moved automatically. B.8
B.8
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Moving the patient table

B.8
B.8
Table Stop button: The tabletop stops immediately; both

movement arrows of the current table movement on the
table display flash alternately B.8
B.8
Table Up/Inward button: Raising the patient table/Moving

into the magnet bore B.8
Table Down/Outward button: Lowering the patient table/

Moving out of the magnet bore B.8
B.8
Speed button: Moving the tabletop at increased speed B.8
B.8
Center Position button: The tabletop moves into the magnet

bore until the slice to be measured is located in the magnet
isocenter B.8
Default Position: the center of the Head Matrix is located in

the magnet isocenter B.8
B.8 Last Scan Position: If the tabletop was moved since the last
measurement but not in the vertical direction, the tabletop
can be returned into the position of the last measurement by
pressing the Center Position button B.8
Home Position: The tabletop moves completely out of the

magnet, and the measurement in progress is terminated B.8
B.8
✧ Press the respective button on the control unit to move the

patient table.
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Rescuing the patient in an emergency B.8
In case of accidents, e.g. patient emergency situation (e.g.

heart attack) the tabletop and patient have to be moved out of
the magnet bore. B.8
B.8
WARNING B.8
Patient rescue during emergency situations, e.g. quench with

failing quench pipe, fire with strong smoke development, emer-
B.8
gency situation involving patient (e.g. heart attack) and simul-

taneous power failure! B.8
Personal injury B.8
✧ After releasing the emergency unlocking mechanism,

remove the patient manually from the magnet.
Rescuing the patient while power supply and or drive

are intact B.8
B B
The fastest method for moving the tabletop out of the magnet
bore is to press the Home Position button. Select this method
whenever the power supply and/or motorized drive are intact. B.8
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0.
Rescuing patients B.8
✧ Press the Home Position button.

The tabletop moves completely out of the magnet. B.8
✧ Rescue the patient.
B.8
Rescuing the patient in case of power failure or
defective motorized drive B.8
In case of power failure and/or defective motorized drive, pull

the tabletop manually out of the magnet bore. B.8
B.8
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0.
Rescue with emergency un-

locking mechanism B.8
(1) Unlocking handle
(2) Reset button

✧ Pull the unlocking handle outward up to the end stop.
A reset button moves out of the unlocking handle. B.8
The Table Stop function is released and the Table Stop button
glows. The MR measurement is terminated and the table posi-
B.8
tioning is deleted. The two movement arrows on the table dis-
play blink alternately. B.8
✧ Pull the tabletop out of the magnet using the handle at the
foot end.
✧ Rescue the patient.
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0.
Reset the emergency re- ✓ The error regarding the power supply and/or the motorized
lease B.8 drive has been removed.
✧ Press the reset button into the unlocking handle.
The unlocking handle snaps back into its original position. B.8
✧ Shift the tabletop manually by approx. 10 cm in any direc-

tion until it audibly locks into the motorized drive unit.
✧ Press the Table Up/Inward button.
✧ Press the Table Down/Outward button.
The Table Stop is cancelled. B.8
✧ Press the Home Position button on the control unit.

The tabletop drives at reduced speed into the Home Position.
After reaching the Home Position, the patient table is ready for
operation again. B.8
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syngo MR B17 B.8-90.

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B.8-10 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System

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PART B.8 Physiological imaging
C
C.1 Triggering methods C.1-1
C.2 Physiological Measurement Unit (PMU) C.2-1

Description C.2-1
PMU configuration C.2-1
ECG and respiratory sensor (PERU) C.2-2
Wireless pulse sensor (PPU) C.2-4
External trigger input/output C.2-5
Data display C.2-5
Charging station C.2-6
General operation C.2-8
Informing the patient C.2-8
Operating the PMU display C.2-9
Attaching the PERU C.2-10
C.3 ECG triggering C.3-1

Description C.3-1
ECG leads C.3-1
Performing C.3-3
C.4 Pulse triggering C.4-1

Description C.4-1
Performing C.4-2
C.5 Respiratory triggering C.5-1

Description C.5-1
Performing C.5-2
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syngo MR B17 C-1

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Physiological imaging
C.6 External triggering C.6-1

Description C.6-1
Input for external trigger signal C.6-1
Performing C.6-2
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C-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System0.

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CHAPTER C.0 Triggering methods
C.1
MR imaging procedures are sensitive to patient movement.
Images may exhibit artifacts in the form of smears when motion
times, for instance, during respiration or heartbeat, are short
compared to measurement times. This problem occurs, in par-
ticular, as a result of the patient's heartbeat during cardiac
examinations or as a result of the patient's breathing during
abdominal examinations. C.1
Two different procedures are used to avoid motion artifacts in

images: prospective triggering and retrospective gating. Both
procedures are based on the correlation between measurement
and physiological signal (ECG signal, respiratory signal, pulse
signal). C.1
Prospective triggering C.1 During prospective triggering (or antegrade triggering), a meas-
urement is triggered by using a so-called trigger signal derived
from the patient's physiological signal. This signal is usually
defined based on the time period during which organ move-
ment is as low as possible. The trigger delay is, for example, set
to the end of the systole for certain cardiac examinations, so
that the measurement is running during the akinetic diastole.
For respiratory triggering during abdominal examinations, it is
recommended to start the measurement at the end of the res-
piratory period. C.1
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syngo MR B17 C.1-10.

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Triggering methods Physiological imaging
To determine the start time for the measurement, an acquisition

window is defined based on the signal form (e.g., R-wave in
ECG, minimum of respiratory curve). For example, the size of
the acquisition window is approx. 80 % of the RR interval for
ECG measurements. The acquisition window defines the range
in which the measurement can be triggered. The trigger time is
defined by the trigger delay. C.1
Prospective triggering can be used for ECG, pulse, or respiratory

signal curves as well as for external trigger signal curves. C.1
Retrospective gating C.1 Retrospective gating fundamentally differs from prospective

triggering. No actual triggering is taking place. The physiologi-
cal signal and data acquisition times are recorded simultane-
ously. The measurement is performed completely independ-
ently of the patient’s heartbeat or pulse. A temporal assignment
of images to the corresponding phase (e.g., heart stimulation)
is performed after the measurement (retrospectively). C.1
Retrospective gating is used, in particular, to acquire images of

the beating heart. As compared to measurements using pro-
spective triggering, this technique is especially useful for dis-
playing the late diastole. Temporal resolution is freely selectable
and may be higher or lower than selected for the measurement. C.1
Retrospective gating can be used for ECG, pulse, or external trig-

ger signal curves. C.1
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C.1-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

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CHAPTER C.1 Physiological
C.2 Measurement Unit (PMU)
Description C.2
The Physiological Measurement Unit (PMU) (option) lets you

control MR measurement sequences using a patient's physio-
logical signals (ECG, respiration and pulse). C.2
Patient monitoring C.2 Patient monitoring systems are optional accessories and are not
part of the PMU. C.2
B C
The Physiological Measurement Unit may be used only for con-
trolling MR measurement sequences. The unit does not replace
a patient monitoring system. C.2
PMU configuration C.2
The PMU consists of the following components: C.2
❏ PERU (Physiologic ECG and Respiratory Unit): ECG and res-

piratory sensor
❏ PPU (Peripheral Pulse Unit): Pulse sensor
❏ External trigger input/output
❏ Data display
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syngo MR B17 C.2-1 0.

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Physiological Measurement Unit (PMU) Physiological imaging
The physiological signals are acquired with receptors - ECG elec-

trodes, respiratory cushion and pulse sensor - directly at the
patient via the PERU (ECG, respiration) and PPU (pulse). The
measured data can be viewed at the PMU display in the exami-
nation room and in the Physiological Display dialog window at
the syngo Acquisition Workplace. C.2
B C
Only one PERU or PPU can be located in the examination room! C.2
Two ECG and respiratory sensors in the examination room inter-

fere with one another in signal transmission. It is not possible to
determine the results. C.2
ECG and respiratory sensor (PERU) C.2
The wireless PERU simultaneously acquires two ECG channels as

well as the respiratory channel of the patient. C.2
(1) Preamplifier
(2) ECG leads
(3) ECG clips
(4) Connector, charger
(5) Transmitter unit

C.2 (6) Control LEDs
(7) Plug for the respiration cushion
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Physiological imaging Physiological Measurement Unit (PMU)
The ECG electrodes and respiratory cushion are connected to

the PERU. C.2
B C
To prevent skin irritations, the PERU has to be located in the
application cushion during the examination. C.2
C.2
(1) Application cushion

(2) Respiratory cushion with pressure hose
(3) Respiratory belt
The respiratory cushion is attached to the patient using the res-

piratory belt. C.2
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syngo MR B17 C.2-3

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Wireless pulse sensor (PPU) C.2
The PPU acquires the patient's peripheral pulse. It consists of a

transmitter unit, a fiber-optic sensor (finger clip), and three
LEDs for status and error display. C.2
C.2
(1) Finger clip

(2) Connector, charger
(4) Control LEDs
(5) Fiber optic cable
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External trigger input/output C.2
External trigger sources (e.g. patient monitoring system) may

be connected with the help of the trigger input to drive MR
sequences. C.2
To trigger external devices, the PMU has a trigger output that is

currently not supported by the software. C.2
The connections for the trigger input/output are located on the

C.2
cover of the MR system. Trigger input/output are galvanically

isolated with respect to the MR system. C.2
Data display C.2
PMU display C.2 The PMU display gives you a graphical view of the patient's phys-
iological signals. C.2
❏ ECG signal and frequency

❏ Pulse signal and frequency
❏ Respiratory signal and frequency
❏ External trigger signal
❏ ECG channel selected
One ECG channel, as well as the respiratory and pulse signals,

C.2
are simultaneously shown on the PMU display as real-time

curves. Each rising edge of the signal on the external trigger
input is displayed as a blinking * icon. C.2
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Physiological Display dialog

window C.2
The Physiological Display dialog window lets you view the

patient's physiological signals as one or two signal curves. C.2
Operating the Physiological Display dialog window:

(→ Software operator manual). C.2
C.2
Charging station C.2
Both the PERU and the PPU are supplied via accumulators. All
other components of the PMU are supplied by system-internal
voltage sources. C.2
The charging station is installed separately near the syngo

Acquisition Workplace and is used for storing both units. C.2
Accumulators should not be fully discharged before recharging

them. The maximum charging time is approx. 3 hours. After
being fully charged, the operating hours for the units cover at
least 12 hours. C.2
To charge a unit, it has to be placed firmly in the charging sta-

tion. The PERU and PPU can be charged together or separately in
the charging station. The yellow LED lights when the unit is
positioned correctly. The red LED stops flashing. (→ Page C.2-7
Control LEDs) C.2
C.2
B C
Use only the charger included with delivery. Charging the units
with non-Siemens equipment may destroy the PERU and PPU. C.2
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Control LEDs C.2
The transmitter unit includes LEDs for signaling possible errone-

ous functions (e.g. during the charge). C.2
(2) Battery status LED
(3) Electrode error LED
(4) Charge LED C.2
C.2
Green LED C.2 ❏ LED flashes regularly:

(battery status) C.2 optimally loaded accumulators C.2
❏ LED flashes briefly twice in a row:

Accumulator is nearly discharged, remaining operating
duration is 1 to max. 4 hours C.2
Yellow LED C.2 ❏ LED glows:

(charge) C.2 Charging in progress C.2
For accumulators that were nearly discharged, it may take

up to half an hour before the LED begins to light C.2
❏ LED goes out:

Accumulator is fully charged C.2
Red LED C.2 ❏ LED flashes:

(Electrode error) C.2 ECG electrodes or pulse sensor were not applied correctly
or fell off C.2
i C
A second set of sensors with charging station may be useful in
hospitals or radiology facilities, because one PPU and PERU can
be permanently ready for operation, while a second PPU and
PERU are being charged. C.2
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General operation C.2
Informing the patient C.2
✧ Ask the patient to lie still during the measurement.

✧ Inform the patient that the knocking sounds during the
measurement are caused by switching the gradients on
and off. Also the PERU may vibrate slightly.
B C
Knocking sounds may affect the heart rate of patients, either
consciously or subconsciously. The resulting irregular cardiac
cycles adversely affect image quality. C.2
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Operating the PMU display C.2
The touchscreen on the PMU Display offers the following func-

tionality: C.2
1. ECG Channel Select button: Selecting the ECG channel

(I or AVF)
The ECG channel selection returns to channel I once you
reach channel AVF. C.2
2. Scroll Speed button: Setting the write speed for the curves
C.2
You can choose from three different write speeds: Level 1,
2, and 3. C.2
3. Acoustic Signal button: Activating/deactivating the acous-

tic signal
C.2
WARNING C.2
Monitoring vital parameters via the PMU display! C.2
Anomalies of the vital parameters are not recognized or, if

C.2
then too late C.2
✧ Never use the display for physiological data to monitor the

vital parameters of a patient.
✧ Use only suitable MR-compatible patient monitoring sys-
tems for monitoring vital parameters.
✧ Briefly press the respective button (several times, if neces-

sary) until you reach the requested setting.
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Attaching the PERU C.2
The PERU is used together with ECG and respiratory triggering. C.2
C.2
CAUTION C.2
Hot ECG cables! C.2
Patient burns
C.2 C.2
✧ Place absorbent natural material between PERU and the

patient’s skin.
✓ ECG electrodes are attached.

✓ The patient table is in the Home position.
✧ Position the patient on the patient table with the head
toward the magnet bore.
✧ Position the PERU in the application cushion.
B C
Especially with respect to whole-body examinations, it should
be noted that artifacts (homogeneity distortions) may occur in
the direct vicinity of the PERU transmit unit. C.2
✧ Use the application cushion and position it together with

the PERU on the patient.
✧ Align the PERU on the patient in the direction of the foot
end of the patient table (even though the patient may have
been positioned Feet First).
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CHAPTER C.2 ECG triggering
C.3
Description C.3
ECG triggering is a method for measuring heart sequences

including dynamic studies. It is also suitable for studies where
pulse flow causes artifacts. Provided that special sequences are
in use, ECG triggering can be applied in combination with respi-
ratory-controlled methods. C.3
A number of special sequences support retrospective gating. C.3
ECG leads C.3
The ECG leads are selected according to the potential difference

between the connected electrodes. The directions of the leads
can be read according to the Cabrera format. C.3
C.3
(1) AVF – (white)

(2) I + (red)
(3) I -, AVF + (green)
Under normal circumstances, variant A provides better results. C.3
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ECG triggering Physiological imaging
The two leads I and AVF are used and acquired in parallel via the
ECG channels I and AVF (augmented unipolar left foot). Both
curves display a prominent R wave when the ECG electrodes and
leads are correctly attached. C.3
The characteristic QRS complex of the ECG signal is used as trig-

ger signal. Simultaneous acquisition and overlaying of the
orthogonal leads (vector cardiography) is used to minimize trig-
gering errors due to gradient switching and the magneto-hydro-
dynamic effect (i.e., excess T-wave amplitude). C.3
C.3
Disposable electrodes C.3 For ECG triggering, special, MR-compatible, disposable elec-
trodes are used (available through the Med & More merchandise
catalog). C.3
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Physiological imaging ECG triggering
Performing C.3
Image quality C.3 The quality of the ECG signal for triggered measurements is
enhanced by: C.3
❏ Proper placement of the electrodes

❏ Good skin contact of the electrodes
❏ Reduction of interference signals caused by electromag-
netic induction.
❏ Due to cable loops
❏ Interferences from electrical potentials caused by
muscle movement
B C
Attach the electrodes so that interferences from electrical
potentials caused by muscle movement and baseline drifts are
minimized. Suitable contact points are therefore areas that
show very little muscle or fatty tissue. C.3
Preparing the patient C.3 ✧ Prepare the patient for the examination as early as outside
✧ On the chest of the patient, select locations with minimal
muscle and fat tissue for attaching the electrodes.
✧ In case of hirsute patients: shave the points where you
intend to attach the electrodes.
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B C
Shave the patient outside the examination room to prevent acci-
dents. C.3
✧ Thoroughly clean the patient's skin at the locations

involved. However, do not use solutions containing alco-
hol.
✧ Subsequently, dry the skin with a paper towel.
Applying ECG electrodes C.3 It is a matter of trial and error to obtain the best positioning for
electrodes. (→ Page C.3-1 ECG leads) C.3
B C
Patients with an offset heart axis (e.g. dilatative cardiomyopa-
thy) may require a different orientation than parallel to the
spine. C.3
✧ Check the expiration date of disposable electrodes and

order new ones, if necessary.
✧ Pull the protective foil off the electrodes and attach them.
the PERU on the patient. (→ Page C.2-10 Attaching the
PERU)
✧ Connect the electrode clips of PERU to the ECG electrodes.
C.3
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Physiological imaging ECG triggering
Performing the examination C.3 ✧ Perform the examination (→ Software operator manual).
Evaluating the signal quality C.3 ✧ Check to see if the two leads I and AVF show a preferably
pronounced R-wave in the dialog window of the Physiolog-
ical Display or in the PMU display.
✧ Ensure that at least 2 stars are shown on one ECG channel
(l or AVF) of the table display. The other ECG channel has to
show at least 1 star.
✧ In case you are using the Body Matrix, position it over the
heart. Connect the coil and secure it with the belts
(→ Coil operator manual).
✧ Wait at least 10 heart beats (learning phase for triggering)
before you move the patient table into the magnet.
The progress of the learning phase is shown on the table display,
indicated by the number of the heart beats. The system contin-
uously counts up from 1 to 10, until the patient table is moved
into the magnet. The number 10 indicates that the learning
phase has been finished successfully. C.3
B C
The patient must not move during this learning phase. The
patient table is in the Home position. C.3
f B C
The red LED Electrode error at the ECG and respiratory sensor
is flashing. C.3
No analyzable signal is available. C.3
✧ Ensure that the ECG electrodes are attached correctly.

C.3
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CHAPTER C.3 Pulse triggering
C.4
Description C.4
Pulse triggering uses the patient's pulse to trigger the measure-

ment. A pulse sensor is connected to the patient's toe or finger.
The first pulse wave (“premature pulse wave”) is used for trig-
gering. This wave corresponds to the systolic blood pressure. C.4
A number of special sequences support retrospective gating. C.4
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Pulse triggering Physiological imaging
Performing C.4
Attaching the pulse sensor C.4 The finger clip of the pulse sensor is connected to the transmit
unit via a fiber optic cable. Ensure that the fiber optic cable is not
bent; this will destroy the cable. C.4
✧ When attaching the pulse sensor to a finger, attach the sen-

sor so that the exit side of the light is located under the fin-
ger.
C.4
or C.4
✧ When using the pulse sensor on a toe, ensure that the exit
side of the light is located on the underside of the toe.
✧ Ensure that the pulse sensor is attached properly.
f B C
The red Electrode error LED on the pulse sensor is blinking? C.4
The pulse sensor is attached incorrectly. C.4
✧ Check whether the clip is still in place.

C.4
Performing the examination C.4 ✓ The pulse sensor is attached.

✧ Perform the examination (→ Software operator manual).
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CHAPTER C.4 Respiratory triggering
C.5
Description C.5
To keep respiratory artifacts to a minimum, respiratory trigger-

ing is primarily used in abdominal imaging. Data acquisition for
respiratory triggering begins when the respiratory signal
reaches a predefined level (approx. 20% of the maximum
value). Respiratory movement is minimal in this range. C.5
(1) Expiration
(2) Inspiration
The respiratory signal is acquired using a respiratory cushion
connected via a pressure hose to the ECG and respiratory sensor
(PERU). The respiratory cushion is attached to the patient via the
respiratory belt. C.5
Retrospective gating cannot be applied. C.5
C.5
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Respiratory triggering Physiological imaging
Performing C.5
Informing the patient C.5 ✧ Ask the patient to lie still during the measurement.
✧ Inform the patient that the knocking sounds during the
measurement are caused by switching the gradients on
and off. Also the PERU may vibrate slightly.
Attaching the respiratory ✓ The plug of the respiration cushion is NOT connected.
cushion and belt
C.5
C.5
CAUTION C.5
Incorrect MR image due to disconnected respiratory cushion! C.5
Incorrect diagnosis
C.5 C.5
✧ As a last step, plug the connector of the respiratory cushion

into the allocated jack.
✧ Determine whether the patient is a thoracic or abdominal

breather.
i C
Women and athletes are usually thoracic breathers. C.5
Men and obese patients are usually abdominal breathers. C.5
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Physiological imaging Respiratory triggering
✧ If the patient is an abdominal breather, place the respira-

tion belt around his abdomen.
— or — C.5
✧ If the patient is a thoracic breather, place the respiration

belt around his chest.
B C
As an alternative, the respiratory cushion and belt can be used
in combination with the Body Matrix. C.5
✧ Slide the respiratory cushion underneath the respiratory

belt.
Connecting the respiratory ✓ The respiratory cushion is attached.

cushion C.5

the PERU on the patient. (→ Page C.2-10 Attaching the
PERU)
✧ For respiratory triggering alone, position the electrode
leads loosely on the respiratory belt.
✧ Connect the plug for the respiratory cushion to the appro-
priate socket on the PERU.
✧ Ensure that the pressure hose of the respiration cushion is
not crimped or bent. Make sure the respiration cushion is
not unduly compressed.
C.5
With quiet patients, a periodic signal will appear on-screen. C.5
Performing the examination C.5 ✧ Perform the examination (→ Software operator manual).
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Respiratory triggering Physiological imaging
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CHAPTER C.5 External triggering
C.6
Description C.6
Input for external trigger signal C.6
The external trigger signal has to meet the following specifica-

tions: C.6
C.6
Voltage-time diagram for external triggering of the PMU (2)
C.6
Name C6. Value C.6
UL C.6 0 V ... 0.8 V C.6
UH C.6 2 V ... 15 V C.6
tL(min.) C.6 10 ms C.6
tH(min.) C.6 10 ms C.6
Input current C.6 min. 2 mA C.6
Input voltage C.6 max. ± 20 V C.6
Internal contact C.6 + C.6
External contact C.6 - C.6
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External triggering Physiological imaging
The measurement sequence is triggered by the rising edge of

the external signal. C.6
B C
An output for the external trigger signal is not supported. C.6
The external trigger signal can be supplied via the connections

in the magnet cover. C.6
Performing C.6
(1) Input for external trigger signal
(2) Output for external trigger signal

✧ Connect the source of the external trigger signal to the
cinch jack trigger input (magnet cover, left).
✧ Perform external triggering (→ Software operator man-
ual).
C.6
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PART C.6 MR system operation
D
D.1 Daily functionality checks D.1-1
Checking the functionality and cleanliness D.1-2
D.2 Starting up and shutting down the MR system D.2-1

Starting the system (System On) D.2-2
Shutting down the system (System Off) D.2-8
Shutting down the syngo MR Workplace separately
from the syngo Acquisition Workplace D.2-14
Starting/ending Host Standby D.2-19
Starting Host Standby D.2-19
Ending Host Standby D.2-20
D.3 Preparing the MR system D.3-1

Connecting the squeeze bulb and the headset D.3-1
Set the volume for the music, the tunnel lighting and
the ventilation D.3-2
D.4 Preparing the patient D.4-1
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MR system operation
D.5 Physiological effects D.5-1

Operating modes D.5-1
Normal Operating Mode D.5-2
First Level Controlled Operating Mode D.5-2
Switching operating modes D.5-3
Exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields D.5-5
Background information D.5-5
Peripheral nerve stimulation D.5-5
Monitoring D.5-6
Operating modes D.5-7
Exposure to RF electromagnetic fields D.5-9
Background information D.5-9
Warming of body tissue D.5-10
Noticeable effects on the patient D.5-10
SAR limits D.5-11
SAR monitoring D.5-12
D.6 Starting/Stopping the measurement D.6-1
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CHAPTER D.0 Daily functionality checks
D.1
Before using the MR system, the functionality and/or cleanliness
of the following parts and areas must be checked: D.1
❏ Alarm box
❏ Warning signs
❏ Floor
❏ Magnetizable materials
❏ Exhaust vent
❏ Patient table
❏ Squeeze bulb
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Daily functionality checks MR system operation
Checking the functionality and

cleanliness D.1
✧ Check the LEDs on the alarm box.

✧ Check if all warning symbols and signs are present inside
and outside the examination room.
✧ Check the examination room, control room, and electronics
room for liquid spills and puddles on the floor.
✧ Ensure that no magnetizable materials or objects such as
vacuum cleaners, carts, ladders, and tools are present in
✧ Ensure that the outlet of the exhaust vent line is not
obstructed.
✧ Ensure that any contrast medium residue has been cleaned
off the patient table.
✧ Check the functionality of the squeeze bulb. The patient
has to be able to trigger the patient alert using the squeeze
bulb.
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CHAPTER D.1 Starting up and shutting
D.2 down the MR system
There are three operating modes: D.2
❏ System On (full operation)

All MR system components are switched on. Examinations
may be performed. D.2
❏ System Off (system is not working)

All MR system components except cooling are switched off. D.2
❏ Host Standby (standby operation)

In Host Standby, all measurement-related components of
the MR system (e.g., measurement unit and patient table)
are switched off to save energy. Only the host computer is
switched on. Only host computer software that does not
interact with measurement components can be used. No
measurements can be performed. Host Standby is useful
for patient evaluations on the computer after performing
an examination. D.2
The operating mode can be selected by pressing the corre-

sponding button on the alarm box. In some cases, the operating
mode can be selected using the System Manager in the syngo
MR software (→ Software operator manual). D.2
Additionally a main circuit breaker is located in the control room

which should NOT be used during proper functioning of the MR
system. It switches off the overall system including cooling,
which leads to helium boil-off. D.2
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Starting up and shutting down the MR system MR system operation
Starting the system (System On) D.2
System start-up includes the following steps: D.2
❏ Switching on the MR system at the alarm box

❏ Switching on the syngo MR Workplace
❏ Checking the MR system components
B Prior to starting the system, the patient table should be in the

Home Position. D.2
B Do not perform preliminary examination steps (e.g., moving the

patient table, connecting coils) at the MR system while starting
up the system. D.2
Switching on the MR system

at the alarm box D.2
D.2
(1) SYSTEM ON button

(2) Keyswitch
(3) SYSTEM ON LED
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MR system operation Starting up and shutting down the MR system
✓ The daily functionality checks have been completed.

(→ Page D.1-1 Daily functionality checks)
✓ The coils used are fully connected to the coil sockets and
ready for operation.
✓ Coils comprising several parts (e.g., head coils) are closed.
These requirements apply as well as if you have to restart
the system during the examination.
✧ Turn the keyswitch to the right.
✧ Press the SYSTEM ON button.
The SYSTEM ON LED lights up. The MR system is switched on. D.2
The computer system boots automatically. The software starts

at the syngo Acquisition Workplace. D.2
In case your system includes the user administration option

(HIPAA), the window Login User appears. D.2
D.2
Dialog window Login User for HIPAA (3)
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✧ If you have installed the user administration option

(HIPAA), log in using your user name and Password.
The following is shown on the screen of the syngo Acquisition
Workplace: D.2
D.2
Screen display of the syngo Acquisition Workplace (4)
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Switching on the syngo MR Since the syngo MR Workplace has its own voltage supply, it is
Workplace D.2 switched on separately from the syngo Acquisition Workplace. D.2
✧ Press the Power On switch at the computer of the syngo MR

Workplace.
The software of the syngo MR Workplace starts. D.2
In case your system includes the user administration option

(HIPAA), the window Login User appears. D.2
D.2
Dialog window Login User for HIPAA (5)
✧ If you have installed the user administration option

(HIPAA), log in using your user name and Password.
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The following is shown on the screen of the syngo MR Work-

place: D.2
D.2
Screen display at the syngo MR Workplace (6)
B After switching on the syngo Acquisition Workplace and the

syngo MR Workplace, the system requires approx. 12 minutes to
warm up and get ready for acquisition. D.2
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Checking the MR system ✧ If a dialog window is displayed at the syngo Acquisition

components D.2 Workplace informing you that the helium fill level is too
low: Close the window and notify Siemens Service or have
the magnet refilled.
✧ Check the Table Stop buttons at the intercom and the con-
trol units (to the right and left side of the patient table at
the magnet). Move the patient table and press one of the
Table Stop buttons. The patient table has to come to a
complete stop. Check all three Table Stop buttons one after
the other.
✧ Check if pressing the squeeze bulb triggers the patient
alert.
✧ Check if communication with the patient in the examina-
tion room works properly.
✧ Check if image transmission of the video systems works
properly.
✧ Check if the contact spring connectors at the door frame
and the door to the examination room are free of residues,
such as cleaning agents, oil, grease, paint splatters, blood
drops, etc.
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Shutting down the system (System

Off) D.2
Shutting down the system includes the following steps: D.2
❏ Moving the table into the Home position

❏ Shutting down the computer system
❏ Switching off the MR system at the alarm box
When bringing down the system, the software of the syngo MR

Workplace is automatically ended as well. D.2
B To avoid possible data losses at the syngo MR Workplace shut

down the syngo MR Workplace before the syngo Acquisition
Workplace. D.2
B If the user is logged on, the system has to be shut down using
System > Control... or System > End Session. Otherwise, data
are lost. D.2
Moving the table into the ✓ No examinations are in progress.

Home position D.2
✧ Press the Home Position button on the control unit.

The tabletop moves completely out of the magnet. D.2
D.2
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Shutting down the compu- ✧ Select System > End Session at the syngo Acquisition
ter system D.2 Workplace.
The End Session dialog window is displayed. D.2
D.2
End Session dialog window (standard configuration) (7)
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D.2
End Session dialog window (HIPAA) (8)
✧ Select the Shutdown System option.
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D.2-10 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System

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✧ Click OK.
The following message appears at the syngo Acquisition Work-
place: D.2
D.2
Message at the syngo Acquisition Workplace (9)
The following message appears at the syngo MR Workplace. D.2
D.2
Message at the syngo MR Workplace (10)
✧ Switch off the syngo Acquisition Workplace.

✧ Switch off the syngo MR Workplace.
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f B The software does not respond? D.2
✧ Simultaneously press the Ctrl, Alt, and S keys on the key-

board.
The syngo MR System Manager opens. D.2
✧ Shut down the software properly.

D.2
f B The System Manager cannot be opened? D.2
You can shut down the syngo Acquisition Workplace via the
Windows platform. D.2
B Please note that this may cause data loss. D.2
✧ Simultaneously press the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys on the key-
board.
The Windows Security window is displayed. D.2
✧ Click the Shut Down button.

The computer shuts down. D.2
D.2
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f B System Manager and Windows do not respond? D.2
If the System Manager cannot be started and Windows does not

respond, your only option is to switch off the syngo Acquisition
Workplace. D.2
✧ Switch off the syngo Acquisition Workplace.

D.2
Switching off the MR system ✓ The computer system has been shut down.
at the alarm box D.2
✧ Press SYSTEM OFF.

The MR system is switched off. D.2
✧ Turn the keyswitch to the left.

The MR system is locked. D.2
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Shutting down the syngo MR Work-

place separately from the
syngo Acquisition Workplace D.2
In the System On mode, you are able to just shut down the
syngo MR Workplace without affecting the remaining MR sys-
tem components. D.2
i When the syngo MR Workplace is in operation and the system is

ended via the syngo Acquisition Workplace, a message appears
on the screen of the syngo MR Workplace. D.2
D.2
Message at the syngo MR Workplace (1 )
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Shutting down syngo MR ✧ Save your data.

Workplace D.2
✧ At the syngo MR Workplace select System > End session.

The End Session dialog window is displayed. D.2
D.2
End Session dialog window (standard configuration) (12)
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D.2
End Session dialog window (HIPAA) (13)
✧ Select the Shutdown System... option.

✧ Click OK.
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The following message appears at the syngo MR Workplace: D.2
D.2
Message at the syngo Acquisition Workplace (14)
f B The software does not respond? D.2
✧ Simultaneously press the Ctrl, Alt, and S keys on the key-

board.
The syngo MR System Manager opens. D.2
✧ Shut down the software properly.

D.2
f B The System Manager cannot be opened? D.2
You can shut down the syngo MR Workplace via the Windows
platform. D.2
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0.
✧ Simultaneously press the Ctrl, Alt, and Del keys on the key-
board.
The Windows Security window is displayed. D.2
✧ Click the Shut Down button.

The computer is shut down. D.2
D.2
f B System Manager and Windows do not respond? D.2
If the System Manager cannot be started and Windows does not

respond, your only option is to switch off the syngo MR Work-
place. D.2

D.2
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Starting/ending Host Standby D.2
Host Standby can be started from System On as well as System

Off. From Host Standby you can switch the MR system to System
On or switch it off completely. D.2
i You can also use the syngo MR System Manager to switch

between Host Standby and System On (→ Software operator
manual). D.2
Starting Host Standby D.2
Starting Host Standby from ✓ The system is in the System Off operating status.
System Off D.2
✧ Turn the keyswitch at the alarm box to the right.

The MR system is unlocked. D.2
✧ Press SYSTEM STANDBY.

The host computer is booting up. D.2
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Starting Host Standby from ✓ The system is in the System On operating status.
System On D.2
✧ Press SYSTEM STANDBY at the alarm box.

All components except for the host computer are switched off. D.2
The SYSTEM ON LED goes off. D.2
Ending Host Standby D.2
Ending Host Standby and ✓ The system is in the Host Standby operating status.
switch to System On D.2
✧ Press SYSTEM ON at the alarm box.

The measurement-related components of the MR system are
started. D.2
The SYSTEM ON LED lights up. D.2
Ending Host Standby and ✓ The computer system has been shut down.
switch off the MR system D.2
✧ Press SYSTEM OFF at the alarm box.

The MR system is switched off. D.2
✧ Turn the keyswitch at the alarm box to the left.

The MR system is locked. D.2
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CHAPTER D.2 Preparing the MR system
D.3
The following steps are required to prepare the MR system for
the patient: D.3
❏ Connecting the squeeze bulb and the headset

❏ Setting the volume for the music and both tunnel lighting
and ventilation
i The holder for infusion bottles can be attached to the magnet

cover to the left above the patient table. D.3
Connecting the squeeze bulb and

the headset D.3
(1) Connection for headphones
(2) Connection for squeeze bulb

✧ Connect the hose connector of the squeeze bulb to the red
connector at the foot end of the patient table.
✧ Connect the headset to the connection in yellow at the foot
end of the patient table.
D.3
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Preparing the MR system MR system operation
Set the volume for the music, the

tunnel lighting and the ventilation D.3
Use the switches at the control unit to set the music volume for
the headset and the wall loudspeaker, the tunnel ventilation as
well as tunnel lighting. D.3
D.3
(1) Toggle switch Room - music volume

(2) Toggle switch Headphones - music volume
(3) Toggle switch Tunnel ventilation
(4) Toggle switch Tunnel lighting
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MR system operation Preparing the MR system
By pressing the + or– symbol of the respective switch, the func-

tion is either increased or decreased by one level. All switches
have an auto repeat function, that is, if you press a switch for
longer than one second, the function of the switch is automati-
cally repeated. D.3
When pressing + or - on the switch, the table display shows the

current level selected in the form of a bar in the text output line.
The length of the bar indicates the particular level. The display
in the text output line disappears within seconds. D.3
B The setting of the music volume has no effect on the voice vol-
ume of patient announcements. D.3
The tunnel ventilation can be set to the following four levels: D.3
❏ Off
❏ Lowest level
❏ Medium level
❏ Highest level
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Preparing the MR system MR system operation
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CHAPTER D.3 Preparing the patient
D.4
D.4
WARNING D.4
Heat development during the MR examination! D.4
Patient burns
D.4 D.4
✧ Instruct patients to press the squeeze bulb in case of strong

heat sensations.
D.4
WARNING D.4
Use of unapproved fMRI stimulation devices for low and

medium field systems (0.2 – 1.5 T)! D.4
D.4
Injury to patient and operating personnel D.4
✧ Ensure that the stimulation devices are approved for 3 Tesla

systems.
Informing the patient D.4 ✧ Please note the safety instructions.

✧ Inform the patient about the possible effects of MR exami-
nations and the risks associated with the magnetic field.
✧ Show the patient how to activate the patient alert by press-
ing the squeeze bulb.
✧ Ensure that the patient holds the squeeze bulb in his/her
hand during the measurement.
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Preparing the patient MR system operation
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CHAPTER D.4 Physiological effects
D.5
Due to the presence of alternating electromagnetic fields,
patients may experience various physiological effects during MR
examinations: D.5
❏ Peripheral nerve stimulation through low-frequency fields

of the gradient coils
❏ Warming of body tissue through RF fields of the RF trans-
mitter coil
Operating modes D.5
To prevent health risks during MR examinations, several interna-

tional organizations (e.g., IEC 60601-2-33 of 2002 (2nd edi-
tion)) and various national health organizations have published
guidelines and limit values. In compliance with country-specific
approval guidelines, they are the basis for the monitoring func-
tions integrated in the MR system with respect to stimulation
and warming effects. Both stimulation and SAR levels are based
on current scientific literature related to safety. D.5
Two different operating modes are available depending on the

patient’s tolerance: D.5
❏ Normal Operating Mode

❏ First Level Controlled Operating Mode
With respect to stimulation and warming effects, the operating

modes can be defined and selected separately. D.5
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Physiological effects MR system operation
Normal Operating Mode D.5
The Normal Operating Mode can be used safely for all patients. D.5
First Level Controlled Operating Mode D.5
D.5
CAUTION D.5
Exposure to RF electromagnetic fields in the First Level Control-

led Operating Mode! D.5
D.5
General or local hyperthermia of the patient D.5
✧ Instruct the patient in the use of the squeeze bulb.

✧ Do not examine patients with restricted thermoregulatory
capability (e.g. small children, elderly, sick, or medicated
patients).
✧ Do not examine patients unable to communicate potential
overheating effects (e.g. small children, seriously ill, para-
lyzed, unconscious, sedated, or handicapped patients).
✧ Carefully monitor the patient during the MR examination.
✧ Ensure that patients wear light clothing (e.g. light pajamas
or nightgown).
✧ Remove all additional insulation, e.g. blankets which could
interfere with heat dissipation.
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MR system operation Physiological effects
In the First Level Controlled Operating Mode patients may expe-

rience noticeable stress levels depending on the measurement
programs selected. We recommend establishing a procedure to
ensure medical monitoring of the patient. D.5
The decision to change to the First Level Controlled Operating

Mode has to be based on a medical consideration of the poten-
tial risks and benefits for the patient. D.5
Switching operating modes D.5
D.5
CAUTION D.5
Tips of screws heat up considerably at the stereotactic frame

during the First Level Controlled Operating Mode! D.5
D.5
Localized burns of the patient D.5
✧ Please observe the recommendations and notes of the

manufacturer of the stereotactic frame.
✧ When the stereotactic frame consists of conductive mate-
rial, perform measurements in the Normal Operating Mode
only, if possible.
✧ If you still need to switch to the First Level Controlled Oper-
ating Mode, please observe the related safety notes.
0.
syngo MR B17 D.5-3

0.
0.
To switch from the Normal Operating Mode to the First Level

Controlled Operating Mode, the user has to explicitly select and
confirm the change. The request appears in the dialog window
of the syngo Acquisition Workplace. In the First Level Controlled
Operating Mode, the patient has to be monitored by a physi-
cian. D.5
D.5
Dialog window SAR Monitor (15)
0.

0.
Exposure to low frequency

electromagnetic fields D.5
Background information D.5
During the measurement, patients are exposed to an electrical

field created by the time-varying magnetic fields of the gradi-
ents. Assuming all other conditions remain constant, the
strength of the electrical field is directly proportional to the
change of the magnetic flux (dB/dt). D.5
Peripheral nerve stimulation D.5
Stimulation threshold D.5
The electrical field affects the patient. If the strength of the elec-
trical field exceeds a certain threshold (stimulation threshold),
the patient experiences peripheral nerve stimulation. Nerve
stimulation manifests itself as e.g. tingling sensations or slight
muscle spasms in the ribs, side, abdomen, hip, buttock, or tho-
racic regions, along the upper arms or the back muscles in the
shoulder region. Depending on physiological conditions, the
stimulation threshold may vary greatly from patient to patient. D.5
0.
syngo MR B17 D.5-5

0.
0.
Stimulation limits D.5
So-called stimulation limits were determined by averaging the

individual stimulation thresholds of test subjects during an
extensive clinical trial. Based on the statistical distribution, it can
be expected that up to 50 % of all patients will experience at
least mild stimulations after reaching this stimulation limit. D.5
Monitoring D.5
The MR system software includes a monitoring feature (stimula-

tion monitor) which monitors the stimulation limit. D.5
The information window of the stimulation monitor provides

information regarding how close patients are to the stimulation
limit during the examination. D.5
Look Ahead monitoring D.5
Prior to starting the MR examination, the stimulation monitor

checks whether the stimulation limits may be exceeded. If so,
the measurement cannot be started. To perform the examina-
tion, the parameters of the measurement sequence have to be
adjusted accordingly. D.5
0.

0.
Online monitoring D.5
If the stimulation limit is exceeded while a measurement is in

progress, the active measurement is aborted and the gradient
currents are reduced. D.5
Operating modes D.5
The MR system can be operated in two operating modes which

differ with respect to gradient power limits. D.5
The power limits are based on stimulation models derived from

the statistically determined stimulation limits. The possible
patient effects are the same regardless of the operating mode.
However the higher the gradient output is the higher the prob-
ability and the intensity of the effects (e.g. peripheral nerve
stimulation). D.5
Stimulation models D.5
The following stimulation models are used: D.5
❏ SAFE model 1 (empirical)

❏ dB/dt model
1
Stimulation Approximation by Filtering and Evaluation
0.

0.
The SAFE model is the standard model covered by the new

IEC 60601-2-33 (2nd edition). While only country-specific
guidelines apply to the dB/dt model, the SAFE model also con-
siders the dependency of the stimulation effect on the parame-
ters of the measurement sequence (rise time, amplitude,
number of axes, repetition rate, etc.). D.5
During Normal Operating Mode, the limit is set to 80 % of the

stimulation limit according to IEC 60601-2-33 (2nd edition). At
full performance, the ratio of patients affected by peripheral
nerve stimulation is rather low. D.5
In the First Level Controlled Operating Mode, the performance

limits are determined directly from the statistically determined
stimulation limits. Accordingly, at full performance, up to 50 %
of all patients may experience mostly mild stimulations; how-
ever, a smaller portion may experience significant stimulation. D.5
0.

0.
Exposure to RF electromagnetic
fields D.5
Background information D.5
During the course of an MR examination, the patient’s body

absorbs energy from the RF field of the transmitter coil. Depend-
ing on the type of transmitter coil used, the absorption is either
concentrated locally (when using so-called non-volume coils) or
relatively uniform across the part of the body examined (when
using volume coils, e.g. extremity or body coil). D.5
The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), expressed as W/kg, serves as

a stress indicator. D.5
Unacceptably high local SAR values may lead to RF burns. At

high values, the SAR that is exposed evenly across the body
adversely affects the patient’s thermoregulation and the cardio-
vascular system. D.5
0.

0.
Warming of body tissue D.5
The energy absorbed in the course of the MR examination

warms the tissue. The heat generated is dissipated by the ther-
moregulation mechanisms of the patient, e.g., through
increased perspiration and blood flow. D.5
The body temperature increases if the patient absorbs more

energy per unit of time than can be dissipated through ther-
moregulation. The longer this condition lasts, the greater the
increase in temperature. D.5
The increase in core body temperature is usually well below 1 °C

during the course of the MR examination (if the SAR limits
described below are maintained). D.5
Noticeable effects on the patient D.5
During the MR examination, patients experience heat sensa-

tions on the skin and may begin to perspire. Their pulse rate may
increase as well. The individual effects vary from patient to
patient. The intensity of these effects depends on the measure-
ment program selected. As compared to the Normal Operating
Mode, measurement programs with considerably higher inten-
sities may be used in the First Level Controlled Operating Mode.
Following the examination, the body will cool off. The pulse rate
will return to normal. D.5
0.

0.
Temperature control inside A temperature sensor, located near the air intake for the tunnel
the examination room D.5 ventilation, monitors the room temperature. If the room tem-
perature exceeds 24 °C, the SAR values are regulated and low-
ered accordingly. As a result, the parameters of certain MR
measurement sequences may need to be adjusted. D.5
SAR limits D.5
B Considering all possible tolerances, the SAR values are always

calculated based on the worst possible value. This ensures that
the specific SAR limit is maintained. D.5
Depending on the medical question, different RF coils are

applied (e.g. extremity or body coil). The effects on the patient
vary, depending on the type of coil used. Taking this factor into
consideration, different SAR limits have been established for dif-
ferent types of examinations. The software automatically deter-
mines the limit to be applied. D.5
0.

0.
SAR monitoring D.5
SAR limits are monitored by a software monitoring function. D.5
Look Ahead monitoring D.5
Prior to each measurement, the estimated SAR values are auto-

matically calculated and compared with the prescribed limit val-
ues, including possible measurement errors. If one of the calcu-
lated SAR values exceeds the corresponding limit, the
measurement cannot be started. The following message
appears in the dialog window of the syngo Acquisition Work-
place: SAR Limit(s) Exceeded! D.5
B To ensure correct computation of the SAR values, the weight of

the patient has to be entered during registration. D.5
0.

0.
D.5
This dialog window includes suggested changes to the exami-

nation parameters which allow the examination to continue. In
addition, a button in the dialog window may be used to change
the operating mode. D.5
B In the First Level Controlled Operating Mode, often only minor

modifications (if any) may be required. D.5
0.

0.
Online monitoring D.5
The system constantly measures the transmit power and

ensures that the appropriate limit values are observed. Exami-
nations in progress will be aborted if the limit is exceeded. D.5
Limit values D.5
The SAR limits used by the Look Ahead monitoring function are
set according to country-specific approval guidelines at the time
of the syngo MR installation. D.5
During Normal Operating Mode, the patient barely notices the

effects of the RF field. The stress on the cardio-vascular system
is negligible. D.5
0.

0.
In the First Level Controlled Operating Mode, patients may

experience noticeable stress levels depending on the measure-
ment programs selected. This usually includes perspiration
accompanied by an increase in pulse rate. Patients with reduced
thermoregulatory capability and higher sensitivity toward
increases in body temperature (e.g., patients with fevers or car-
diac decompression, patients with perspiratory impairments, or
pregnant women) may experience additional effects. D.5
Display of SAR values D.5
The current SAR values, encoded according to body regions, can

be accessed at any time (→ Software operator manual). D.5
0.
syngo MR B17 D.5-150.

0.
0.

0.
0.
CHAPTER D.5 Starting/Stopping the
D.6 measurement
Starting the measurement D.6 ✓ The measurement protocol is loaded.

✓ No MR measurement is active.
✧ Press the Start/Stop button on the control unit
(→ Page B.4-1 Control unit).
The measurement begins. D.6
D.6
The table display is deactivated. D.6
Stopping the measurement D.6 ✓ The MR measurement is active.

✧ Press the Start/Stop button on the control unit
(→ Page B.4-1 Control unit).
The measurement is stopped. D.6
D.6
The table display is activated. D.6
0.
syngo MR B17 D.6-1

0.
0.
Starting/Stopping the measurement MR system operation
0.

0.
0.
PART D.6 Maintenance
E
E.1 Cleaning E.1-1
E.2 Return and disposal E.2-1

MR System E.2-1
Packaging E.2-2
Batteries and accumulators E.2-2
0.
syngo MR B17 E-1

0.
0.
Maintenance
0.
E-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System

0.
0.
CHAPTER E.0 Cleaning
E.1
Cleaning the LCD monitor/ The LCD monitor of the syngo Acquisition Workplace and the
video display E.1 video display are cleaned in the same way. E.1
✧ Clean the LCD monitor/video display every two month.

✧ Clean the monitor/video display using a microfiber cloth.
✧ If the LCD monitor/video display can not be effectively
cleaned with the microfiber cloth: use window cleaner. Do
not use window cleaner on the monitor housing.
✧ Immediately remove water drops on the LCD monitor/video
display.
✧ Avoid scratching the surface area of the LCD monitor/video
display.
✧ Avoid impacts to the LCD monitor/video display.
B E
The LCD monitor/video display are highly sensitive to mechani-
cal damage. E.1
Cleaning the data carrier E.1 ✧ Clean contaminated data carriers with a clean cloth (cotton
or microfiber).
✧ Follow the manufacturer's notes when cleaning CD/DVD
data carriers.
0.
syngo MR B17 E.1-1 0.

0.
Cleaning Maintenance
Cleaning the plugs and con- ✧ Dampen a soft cloth with water or a diluted household
nectors E.1 cleaner solution. Do not use organic solvents, such as alco-
hol or acetone.
✧ Carefully wipe the plugs and connectors with the cloth. Do
not touch the contacts.
Cleaning RF coils and posi- ✧ Clean the RF coils and positioning aids using commercially
tioning aids E.1 available cleaning and disinfection solutions. Follow manu-
facturer's instructions.
✧ Do not use hard or sharp objects (e.g., knives or tweezers)
to remove residue.
B E
Do not pour cleaning fluid on surface areas - always use a damp
cloth to clean them. E.1
Cleaning the patient table ✧ Clean the patient table using a liquid household agent.
and the straps E.1
✧ Wash the straps of the patient table at a temperature of

60 °C.
✧ Use commercial disinfecting materials. However, do not
use solutions with alcohol or acetone.
0.
E.1-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

0.
Maintenance Cleaning
Cleaning and disinfecting ✧ Do not use cleaners or disinfectants containing alcohol or

the receptors E.1 ether.
✧ Do not use hard or sharp objects (e.g. knives or tweezers)
to remove residue.
✧ Clean the receptors with a commercially available cleaner.
Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
✧ Use a dampened cloth for cleaning.
B E
Do not submerge the receptors in cleaning liquid. E.1
✧ Disinfect the receptors with a commercially available disin-

fecting agent. Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
Disinfecting system compo-

nents E.1
B E
Disinfecting sprays damage electronic components. For this rea-
son, components may be cleaned with a semi-dry cloth only. E.1
✧ Disinfect the system components with commercial disin-

fecting materials. However, do not use solutions with alco-
hol. Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
B E
Siemens does not test alcohol-containing, phenol-alkaline and
alkaline-based disinfectants for harmful effects on surfaces.
Avoid disinfecting system components with these materials. E.1
0.

0.
Cleaning Maintenance
Care and cleaning of floors E.1 Do not use the following cleaning or care products: E.1
❏ Sprays
❏ Silicon-based cleaning or care products
❏ Cleaning or care products with substances that release
ammonia
❏ Cleaning or care products that destroy the anti-static prop-
erties of the floor covering
✧ Use commercially available cleaning or care products for

the floor. Follow manufacturer's instructions.
0.

0.
CHAPTER E.1 Return and disposal
E.2
MR System E.2
E.2
WARNING E.2
Explosion hazard during improper disassembly! E.2
Injury of persons
E.2 E.2
✧ Ensure that only trained personnel disassemble the MR sys-

tem because the system includes a pressurized container
and cryogenic helium.
E.2
WARNING E.2
Unauthorized work on the magnet! E.2
Personal injury, property damage

E.2 E.2
✧ Only authorized personnel (Siemens Magnet Technology or

Siemens) may perform work on the magnet.
✧ Do not open or remove safety valves and burst disks of the
helium container.
✧ Do not change the standard configuration.
✧ Contact Siemens Service in case of questions about return-

ing and disposing the MR system and/or its components
and accessories.
0.

0.
Return and disposal Maintenance
Packaging E.2
B E
Siemens AG is obligated to accept the return of packaging mate-
rial. E.2
✧ Contact Siemens Service regarding questions with respect

to the return as well as subsequent disposal of packaging
material.
✧ Observe national regulations.
Batteries and accumulators E.2
B E
Siemens AG is obligated to accept the return and disposal of bat-
teries and accumulators. E.2
✧ Contact Siemens Service with respect to questions regard-

ing the return and disposal of batteries and accumulators.
✧ Observe national regulations.
0.

0.
APPENDIX E.2 Index
F
A F.0 C F.0
Accessories F.0 Checks F.0
Safety instructions A.2-29 F.0 Alarm box B.6-3 F.0
Accidents F.0 Daily functionality

checks D.1-1 F.0
Breathing
difficulties A.2-39 F.0 Cleaning F.0
Coils A.2-19 F.0 Connections E.1-2 F.0
Frostbite A.2-40 F.0 Floor E.1-4 F.0
Measurement Monitor/video
phantoms A.2-19 F.0 screen E.1-1 F.0
Alarm box F.0 MR system E.1-1 F.0
Checks B.6-3 F.0 Patient table E.1-2 F.0
Description B.6-1 F.0 Positioning aids E.1-2 F.0
Functional check B.6-3 F.0 Receptors E.1-3 F.0
Announcement F.0 RF Coils E.1-2 F.0
Automatic voice Straps of the patient

output B.7-5 F.0 table E.1-2 F.0
Live announcement B.7-4 F.0 Coils F.0
Artifact A.2-22 F.0 Accidents A.2-19 F.0
Patient-related A.2-28 F.0 Combination F.0
System-related A.2-22 F.0 With other devices and

accessories A.2-16 F.0
B F.0
Compatibility F.0
Safety information A.2-16 F.0
Breathing difficulties A.2-39 F.0
Computer system F.0
Burns F.0
Shutting down D.2-8 F.0
Frostbite A.2-40 F.0
Start D.2-2 F.0
0.
syngo MR B17 F-10.

0.
Index
Connections F.0
E F.0
Cleaning E.1-2 F.0
ECG and respiratory

Contraindications F.0
sensor C.2-2 F.0
Implants A.2-10 F.0

ECG triggering F.0

Description C.3-1 F.0
Control area A.2-3 F.0

Performing C.3-3 F.0
Control cabinet F.0

Electromagnetic fields F.0
Description B.1-3 F.0

Basic field (main magnetic
Control unit F.0
field) A.2-3 F.0

Safety instructions A.2-2 F.0
Electronics cabinets F.0
D F.0 Description B.1-2 F.0
Emergency buttons F.0
Device malfunctions F.0
Magnet Stop A.2-36 F.0
Table Stop A.2-38 F.0
Disinfection F.0
Emergency shut-down F.0
Receptors E.1-3 F.0
System components E.1-3 F.0
Emergency switches F.0
Display F.0
Emergency
Patient table B.4-2 F.0
shut-down A.2-37 F.0
Video display;
Cleaning E.1-1 F.0
Emergency F.0
Disposal F.0
Emergency
Return E.2-1 F.0
switches A.2-34 F.0
Documentation F.0
Environmental
Data recording; conditions A.2-18 F.0
Overview B.2-2 F.0
0.
F-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

0.
Index
Examination F.0
H F.0
Preparation; MR
system D.3-1 F.0
Hazard hints F.0
External triggering F.0

Configuration A.1-2 F.0

Verbal signals A.1-2 F.0

Hazards F.0
Common sources of
danger A.2-1
F
F.0
F.0
Contraindications A.2-10 F.0
Failures F.0
Electromagnetic
Safety instructions A.2-29 F.0 fields A.2-2 F.0
Fire F.0 Mechanical

hazards A.2-13 F.0
Noise
Foot switch F.0
development A.2-19 F.0
Operation B.3-5 F.0
Potential hazards A.2-1 F.0
Full operation F.0
RF and gradient
MR system operating fields A.2-7 F.0
modes D.2-1 F.0
Static magnetic field A.2-4F.0
Functional check F.0
Headset F.0
Alarm box B.6-3 F.0
Connect D.3-1 F.0
Daily D.1-1 F.0
Host standby F.0
MR system operating
G F.0
modes D.2-1 F.0
Gradient cabinet F.0
0.
syngo MR B17 F-3

0.
0.
Index
I F.0
Magnetic field F.0
Physiological effects; Low

Imaging errors A.2-22 F.0
frequency fields D.5-5 F.0
Implants F.0
Physiological effects; RF
Device malfunctions A.2-6 F.0
fields D.5-9 F.0
In-Room syngo Acq WP F.0

Maintenance F.0

MR system E.1-1 F.0
Operation B.3-2 F.0

Intercom F.0
Measurement phantoms F.0

Accidents A.2-19 F.0
Operation B.7-3 F.0

Measurement F.0
Start/Stop D.6-1 F.0
L F.0
Starting and ending; with
footswitch B.3-5 F.0
Laser light localizer F.0
Terminating;
Intercom B.7-8 F.0
Listening to the patient F.0

Mechanical hazards F.0
Transmitting announce- Safety instructions A.2-13 F.0
ments made by the

patient B.7-4 F.0
Monitor F.0
Look Ahead monitoring F.0

Cleaning E.1-1 F.0
Low-frequency In-Room syngo Acq

fields D.5-6 F.0
WP B.3-2 F.0
SAR monitoring D.5-12 F.0

Monitoring F.0
Intercom;
Description B.7-1
M
F.0
F.0
Intercom; operation
Magnet Stop F.0 of B.7-3 F.0
Safety information A.2-36 F.0 Look Ahead

monitoring D.5-6 F.0
0.

0.
Index
Online monitoring D.5-7 F.0

O F.0
Online monitoring F.0
MR compatibility A.2-16 F.0
Low-frequency
MR system F.0
fields D.5-7 F.0
Operating modes D.2-1 F.0

Shutting down the Operating consoles F.0
system D.2-8 F.0
In-Room syngo Acq

Starting the syngo MR WP B.3-2 F.0
WP D.2-5 F.0
In-Room syngo Acq WP

Starting the system D.2-2 F.0
Starting/ending Host Starting the syngo MR

Standby D.2-19 F.0
WP D.2-5 F.0
Switching on/off D.2-1 F.0

syngo MR WP shut
syngo MR WP shut down D.2-14 F.0
down D.2-14 F.0

Operating mode F.0
Music F.0
First Level Controlled
Playing B.7-6 F.0
Operating Mode D.5-2 F.0
MR system D.2-1 F.0
N F.0 Normal Operating

Mode D.5-2 F.0
Nerve stimulation F.0
Performance limits;
Low-frequency low-frequency fields D.5-7 F.0
fields D.5-5 F.0
Switching D.5-3 F.0
Noise development F.0
0.
syngo MR B17 F-5 0.

0.
Index
P F.0
Operating modes D.5-1 F.0
RF fields D.5-9 F.0
Patient alert F.0
SAR limit values D.5-11 F.0
Acknowledgement B.7-9 F.0
Safety information B.7-3 F.0
Switching between oper-

Patient care F.0
ating modes D.5-3 F.0
Patient Warming of body

instructions A.2-20 F.0
tissue D.5-10 F.0
Patient monitoring A.2-20 F.0
Physiological Measurement
Patient monitoring F.0
Unit F.0
Intercom; Description C.2-1 F.0
Dialog window C.2-6 F.0
Intercom; operation ECG and respiratory

of B.7-3 F.0
sensor C.2-2 F.0
Patient table F.0
External trigger input/

Cleaning E.1-2 F.0
output C.2-5 F.0

Operation C.2-9 F.0
Displays B.4-2 F.0

PMU display C.2-5 F.0
Operation B.8-4 F.0

Pulse sensor C.2-4 F.0
Physiological effects F.0

Preparation F.0
Description D.5-1 F.0

MR system D.3-1 F.0
First Level Controlled Patient; For MR

Operating Mode D.5-2 F.0
examination D.4-1 F.0
Low frequency fields D.5-5 F.0

Pulse sensor C.2-4 F.0
Monitoring; low-fre- Pulse triggering F.0
quency fields D.5-6 F.0
Normal Operating Performing C.4-2 F.0
Mode D.5-2 F.0
0.

0.
Index
Q F.0
Emergency
switches A.2-34 F.0
Quality Assurance F.0
Maintenance/
Coils A.2-19 F.0
repair A.2-29 F.0
Patient alert B.7-3 F.0
R F.0
Preface A.1-1 F.0
Repair F.0
SAR F.0

Limit values; Safety
information D.5-11 F.0
Respiratory triggering F.0
Limits, high-frequency
fields D.5-11 F.0

Monitoring D.5-12 F.0
Responsibility F.0
Signs and symbols F.0
Safety guidelines A.1-1 F.0

Warning and prohibition
RF and gradient fields F.0
signs A.2-30 F.0

Squeeze bulb F.0
RF coils F.0
Connect D.3-1 F.0

Standby mode F.0
RF power amplifier F.0

MR system operating
modes D.2-1 F.0
Static magnetic field F.0
Device malfunctions A.2-6

S
F.0
F.0
Safety guidelines F.0
Super-conducting magnet F.0
MR safety A.2-1 F.0
Responsibility A.1-1 F.0
syngo Acquisition Workplace F.0
Safety information F.0
Contraindications A.2-10 F.0
0.
syngo MR B17 F-7

0.
0.
Index
syngo MR WP F.0
W F.0
Shutting down D.2-14 F.0
Warming F.0
Start D.2-5 F.0
Radio frequency
fields D.5-10 F.0
T F.0
Warning labels F.0
Table Stop F.0 Warning and prohibition

signs A.2-30 F.0
Temperature control F.0
Safety guidelines D.5-11 F.0
Triggering methods F.0
Overview C.1-1 F.0
V F.0
Video display F.0
Cleaning E.1-1 F.0
Volume F.0
Automatic voice
output B.7-5 F.0
Live announcement B.7-4 F.0
Music B.7-6 F.0
Volume for listening to the

patient B.7-4 F.0
0.

0.
F.0
© Siemens AG 2005-2009
Order No.
M6-03001.621.04.01.02
Printed in Germany
05/2009
Siemens AG Contact address

Wittelsbacherplatz 2 Siemens AG
D-80333 München Healthcare Sector
Germany Henkestr. 127
D-91052 Erlangen
Germany
Telephone: +49 9131 840

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What are the main components of an MR system?

What are the main components of an MR system?

What safety precautions need to be followed when operating an MR system?

What safety precautions need to be followed when operating an MR system?

Siemens

MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System 0.

Operator Manual - MR System 0.

This product bears a CE marking in accordance with the provisions

0. The CE marking applies only to medico-technical products/medical

ii MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

syngo MR B17 iii

iv MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

To operate the MR system accurately and safely, the operating

❏ Hardware components (system, coils, etc.)

Another element of the overall operator manual is the informa-

The extent of the respective operator manual depends on the

B All components of the overall operator manual may include

The operator manuals for hardware and software address the

The operator manual on hand

The graphics, figures, and medical images used in this operator

References to “Siemens Service” include service personnel

B Part A “Safety” needs to be closely observed during your daily

The other parts contain descriptive and instructive chapters. The

vi MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

✓ Prerequisites for the operating steps to follow

B Notes for optimal use of the MR system. 0.

i Remarks that facilitate work with the system. 0.

Description of possible source for errors 0.

✧ Requests for action to solve problems

syngo MR B17 vii 0.

Your MAGNETOM system may also be used for imaging during

B The MAGNETOM is not a measurement device as defined by the

viii MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

Authorized operating personnel

This user training has to include basics in MR technology as well

x MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

A.2 Information about MR safety A.2-1

syngo MR B17 A-1

A-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

The various hazards and the corresponding safety instructions

The following sections provide information on how to avoid the

syngo MR B17 A.1-1 0.

Source of danger! A.1

A.1-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

The frequency at which the potential hazards mentioned in this

The most significant hazards include: A.2

syngo MR B17 A.2-1 0.

Electromagnetic fields A.2

In the examination room, there are different kinds of electro-

Fields A.2 Most significant hazards A.2

Attraction, alignment, and projectile-like acceleration of mag-

(→ Page A.2-4 Safety instructions on the static magnetic field) A.2

Gradient fields A.2 Peripheral nerve stimulation A.2

(→ Page A.2-7 Safety instructions on RF and gradient fields) A.2

RF fields A.2 Warming of body tissue A.2

(→ Page A.2-7 Safety instructions on RF and gradient fields) A.2

✧ Observe prohibition signs in the area near the entrances to

A.2-2 MAGNETOM Trio a Tim System - MR System 0.

In order to minimize the mentioned hazards, the control area of

RF fields lead to warming of the body tissue. In this context, an