Automotive Report Soft
Automotive Report Soft
Automotive Report Soft
Hazards at an Automobile
Parts Manufacturing
Facility
What do the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health did?
What did National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health found?
There is potential for heat stress among the loaders and unloaders.
The 70247 job posed an ergonomic hazard.
Noise levels around the plant ranged from 85 to 100 decibels on an A-
weighted scale.
Between 2002 and 2003, the number of colleagues with normal hearing levels
declined.
The ventilation system built into a cut saw was not working.
Housekeeping in the cut-saw area was poor.
What Tower Automotive Managers Can Do?
Workplace Description
Process Description
Steel coils are decoiled through an automatic process and fed into a blanking
press. In the blanking press, the coil is cut into flat shapes, called blanks. The
blanks are deposited in containers, which are then moved by forklifts to the
forming press to be fed into a form die. The formed parts fall down a chute to
secondary operations such as painting.
Noise
skin disorders
heat syncope
heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heat stroke
Acclimatization
When workers are first exposed to a hot environment, they show signs of
distress and discomfort, experience increased Core Body Temperature and
heart rates, and may have headaches and/or nausea
Dehydration and Hypernatremia
Fluid Replacement
Safety Equipment:
Clothing:
Loose clothing like necktie, collar and long sleeves can cause a harmful
damage to you or the technicians when caught in a moving car parts like fan
blades, belts, pulley or throttle, and transmission linkages.
Ventilation:
Good ventilation can keep a good mood. Always work in a well ventilated
area. Welding smoke can suffocate other workers.
Make sure that the car is in park or neutral and the hand brake is firmly set.
Hot surface:
Smoking:
Battery:
The Most Important Factors in Tire Safety, Performance and Service Life
are:
Proper Tire Size, Type and Load Capacity (or Load Range)
Proper Inflation Pressure
Proper Vehicle Loading
Regular Tire Rotation
Regular Inspection
Proper Tire Repair
Good Driving Habits
Proper Tire Size, Type and Load Capacity (or Load Range)
There are a large number of tires for passenger cars and light trucks intended to
meet the needs of a wide variety of consumers, vehicles and operating conditions.
Aspect Ratio - In a tire size designation, the aspect ratio is the ratio of the tire
section height to section width.
The Sidewall Story - tires have very useful information molded onto their
sidewall. It shows the brand and model name of the tire, its size, whether it is
tubeless or tube type, the maximum load and the maximum inflation, safety
warning(s), and much more.
Speed Symbol - the speed symbol, also known as a speed rating, indicates the
speed category associated with the tire’s maximum speed capability. Speed ratings
are based on laboratory tests that relate to performance on the road, but are not
applicable if tires are under inflated, over loaded, worn out, damaged, or altered.
Load Index - the load index is a numerical code associated with the maximum load
a tire can carry. The load index should not be used independently to determine
Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) Standards
The recommended inflation pressures for tires are specified in PSI (pounds per
square inch) or kPa (kilopascals) as indicated on the vehicle tire placard,
certification label or in the owner's manual.
Proper Inflation is Critical - inflation pressure enables a tire to support the load
and to control the vehicle, therefore proper inflation is critical.With the right
amount of inflation pressure, the vehicle and the tires will achieve their optimum
performance. In addition to tire safety, this means your tires will wear longer and
improve vehicle fuel consumption. Note that some vehicles may have different cold
inflation pressures for tires on the front and rear axles.
When to Check Inflation Pressure - check inflation pressure when tires are cold,
that is, when the vehicle has been parked for at least 3 hours or has been driven
less than one mile at moderate speed. The inflation pressure in all tires, including
the spare tire and inside duals, should be checked with an accurate tire gauge at
least once a month.
Continuous Inflation Pressure Loss - any tire that continually requires re-
inflation is a serious safety risk. The cause may be a puncture, road hazard damage,
corroded or damaged rim, tire mounting damage or other irregular condition.
Dual Tire Assemblies - For vehicles equipped with dual tire assemblies (duals), if
one of the dual tires becomes significantly under inflated or flat, the other tire will
carry the load for both tires, resulting in an overloaded condition for both tires.
Consequently, both tires should be inspected by a tire service professional for
damage.
Proper Tire Loading - to avoid over loading tires, maintain the proper inflation
pressure and never exceed the vehicle's load capacity, gross axle weight ratings
(GAWR) or the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) stated on the vehicle tire
placard, certification label or the owner’s manual. The vehicle load must also be
distributed so that no individual axle, tire or dual assembly is over loaded.
Rotation Patterns - tire rotation procedures are established to equalize the tread
wear for each tire to prolong tread life. By regularly changing a tire to another
position on the vehicle, any abnormal wear patterns that were starting to develop
may be corrected.
Tire Service Life - it is important to have tires in good operating condition, thus
tires may need to be replaced because of service conditions long before the tread is
worn out.
Tires driven even a short distance while under inflated may be damaged beyond
repair. Running a tire under inflated is like running the vehicle's engine without
enough oil or coolant. It may seem to work fine for a time, but serious permanent
damage has occurred.
Have Your Tire Repaired Properly - proper tire repairs should be performed by
trained tire service professionals or tire manufacturer approved procedures. If a tire
continually loses inflation pressure or has lost all or most of its inflation pressure, it
must be removed from the wheel for a complete internal inspection to check for
damage.
VEHICLE CONDITION, ALIGNMENT AND MAINTENANCE
The way you drive has a great deal to do with your tire service life and safety.
Therefore, in addition to proper tire maintenance, cultivate good driving habits for
your own benefit.
Road Hazard and Impact Damage - punctures, cuts, snags, and other issues can
lead to further damage if not repaired in time. The tire must be demounted and
carefully inspected to determine whether it is repairable.
Wet Weather Driving - driving too fast on wet roads, through standing water or in
the rain, can cause your tires to hydroplane.
TIRE REPLACEMENT GUIDELINES
The Right Tire for the Vehicle - when tires need to be replaced, do not guess
what tire is right for the vehicle. For the answer, refer to the vehicle tire placard
and/or certification label, usually located on the vehicle door edge, door post, glove
box or fuel door.
Replacing Two (2) Tires - When a pair of replacement tires is selected in the
same size and construction as those on the vehicle, the two newer tires should be
installed on the rear axle.
Replacing One (1) Tire - Replacing a single tire on a vehicle can have an adverse
effect on suspension systems, gear ratios, transmission, and tire tread wear.
Purpose - to develop an entry-level knowledge and awareness of automotive health
and safety processes and practices and the capacity to apply these in workshop
activities.
Question: You are in your workplace. You see something being done the unsafe way.
You are worried about your safety and you can see a hazard that could cause an
injury, what can you do about it?
Hazard Management
All workplaces present the risk of accidents and injury. There are a number
of ways that these risks can be managed including the identification,
assessment and control of hazards in the workplace.
Hazard identification
Risk assessment
Hazard control
‘Hazard monitoring
Hazard control - having identified a hazard and assessed it, the next step is to
control that hazard. In this case control means reducing the impact of the hazard by
either:
It is best if you can reduce both. The hierarchy of control shows how to do this.
There are a number of ways to control hazards which can be placed in order
according to their suitability and effectiveness for managing a risk. These hazard
control measures are:
Substitution – Here a lower risk procedure is substituted for the high risk activity.
Personal Protective Equipment – Allow the task to proceed but only with
precautions that limit the risk of injury.
Safe Practices
The four step hazard management process gives us a basis for working safely. To be
as effective as possible at working safely we need specific skills and procedures for
dealing with the everyday aspects of WHS/OHS. In this topic we look at:
Hazardous Substances - are those that, following worker exposure, can have an
adverse effect on health
Lifting Devices:
Vehicle Hoists
Hydraulic jacks and trolley jacks
Vehicle ramps and stands
Preventing Fires - fires are, at their simplest, made of three elements – Fuel,
Heat and Oxygen. Fires can be prevented by controlling one or more of these three
elements. While this is very simple advice we can use this principle to develop
guidelines to ensure fire hazards are minimised.
Emergency Response - good training requires that you experience the events you
are training for. This means you need to experience an emergency and given that
the whole purpose of WHS/OHS is to avoid emergencies this creates a problem.
What we can do, however, is step through the procedures you should take in an
emergency keeping in mind that you usually will only be taking instruction from
your instructor, supervisor or emergency services officer.
Fire - everyone must become fire conscious and get to know your fire drill
thoroughly. Learn the locations of fire points, fire alarms, telephones and fire exits
in your workshop. Be aware of the location of all fire extinguishers. When fire
breaks out, decide whether you can help fight it. If not, get out quickly.
Types of Fires and Extinguishers - a fire - once its burning - is controlled with a
fire extinguisher. There are many classes of fires but only a few that commonly
effect worksites. Extinguishers are designed to control different types of fires.
Recording and Reporting
Any potential emergency situation that you identify in your workplace can be
reported in one of several ways:
Hazard Management Plan– you can report the situation as part of the risk
management process which will mean that a record is created in the Hazard
Register and controls are put in place.