Development of The Pig Embryo
Development of The Pig Embryo
Development of The Pig Embryo
Later Stages of Development of Pig Embryo follow pattern of development for the chick except for the following:
WHOLE MOUNT
- Flexures and bending observed in the pig: Provides basics of lower jaw
o Cranial Posterior to maxillary processes
o Cervical Below naso-medial processes
o Caudal o Hyoid (2nd) arch
o Bending in lumbar and sacral regions Source of hyoid skeleton
Due to limited space in uterine cavity - Hyomandibular cleft
Results in formation of curved embryo o Between the 1st and 2nd visceral arches
(resembling letter C) - 3rd and 4th Visceral arches
- Internal structures can be seen because of the THIN SKIN o Not distinct
(sarap chicharon hahaha) o Sunk deeper into the embryo in the Cervical Sinus
- Prosencephalon - Somites
o Olfactory Vesicles o From trunk region to tail
Outgrowths at prosencephalon o Superficial bulges
At rostral end of the head - Position of Heart, Liver and Mesonephros
o Optic Vesicle o Observed on lateral and ventral part of body
Ventrolateral to olfactory vesicle - Paddle-shaped limb pads
swellings o Close to a region (not specified) and close to a tail
o Otic Vesicle region
Posterior o So there are 2 paddle – shaped limb pads
Lateral to myelencephalon - Mammary Ridges
- 1 and 2 Visceral Arches are prominent
st nd
o Dorso- lateral swellings
o Mandibular (1st) arch o Between levels of forelimb and hindlimb buds
Transverse Section
**Note: Because of the flexions (cranial, cervical and caudal), the most cranial region region of specimen will not be observed in the first few
sections
Level of the Myelencephalon
Name and Description Location Function / Cavity Fate Derived From/
Arises From
Myelencephalon - Has wide ventricle IV
- Thin anterior wall o Becomes narrower as it
- Thick posterior wall reaches level of spinal cord
- Neuromere marking seen
posteriorly
Neuromeres - Wall of myelencephalon
- Undulations
Metencephalon - Lower part of 4th ventricle **Find out what the ventricle is
- Thick – walled brain region called**
- V - shaped
Mesencephalon - Occupies lowermost - Mesocoel/Cerebral
- Thick - walled portions of brain Aqueduct of Sylvius
o Leads to ventricle of
metencephalon via the
Isthmus
- Isthmus
o Narrow constriction
Endolymphatic Ducts - Both sides of wider area - Auditory (Otic) Vesicle
- Cavities of myelencephalon o Cavity beside duct seen
posteriorly
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) - Lateral and parallel to - Nerve separates into 2
- Long, fibrous strand myelencephalon posteriorly:
o DORSAL
Dorso-lateral to
myelencephalon
Jugular ganglion lies
lateral as it is moved
posteriorly
o VENTRAL
Ventral to above
Level of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon
Name and Description Location Function / Cavity/Takes Place Fate Derived From/
Arises From
Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI)
- Dorsal portion almost faded
o Frorlep’s ganglion
observed instead of dorsal
portion
- Ventral Portion
o Still lies ventral to above
Jugular Ganglion - Lateral to 11th neuromere - Streaks of vagus nerve
- First ganglion of Vagus Nerve of myelencephalon takes place of ganglion
(X) observed - Observed before frorlep’s posteriorly
- Large ganglionic mass ganglion
Level of Pharynx
Name and Description Location Function / Cavity/Takes Place Fate Derived From/
Arises From
Spinal Ganglia - On dorsal roots of spinal
nerves
4 Pharyngeal Pouches
th
- On both sides of Parathyroid Parathyroid arises from:
- Lateral recesses inverted u – shaped - Small diverticulum - Dorsal wall of
cavity of pharynx epithelium of 4th
Pharyngeal Pouch
Ultimobranchial body - On ventral wall of 4th - Small depression or
(rudimentary 5 pharyngeal
th
pharyngeal pouch cavity of epithelial lining
pouch/lateral pouch)
Arytenoid Swellings - Swellings from - Fate of Arytenoid
- Cause for U-shaped pharyngeal floor swellings?
appearance of pharynx Yoq na bes
Glottis - Between pair of - Space or cavity
arytenoid swellings - Leads to larynx
Larynx - Below glottis - Cavity in mesenchymal
mass
Dorsal Aorta - On top of -
- Pair of big blood vessels ultimobranchial body
Anterior Cardinal Vein - Beside dorsal aorta’s -
- Big blood vessels outer periphery
Ventral Aorta - Artery below larynx in POSTERIORLY (anteriorly) FORMED:
- Bears arytenoid swellings mesenchymal mass - Connection of paired 3rd - Paired branchial (aortic)
branchial arch, ventral aorta arch meet to form
ventral aorta
and dorsal aorta
Thyroid Gland (DERIVED)
- Thyroid Gland
- At level between 2nd
o Mass cells below ventral pharyngeal epithelium
aorta and push into
o Found at start of mesenchyme
union/connection
Eye -
- Studied at level of diencephalon
A. OPTIC CUP - On sides of diencephalon
- Rounded or elongated structure
B. SENSORY RETINA - - Optic nerves emerge from
- Inner thicker layer of optic cup inner retina converges at
choroid fissure on its way
to the brain
C. PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM - - What do you call the
- Outer thinner layer of optic cup brownish pigment in it?
Hay jusq di ko alam
D. LENS VESICLE - - How did it arise???
- Small sac – like structure within Invagination of Skin
optic cup Ectoderm (pls confirm)
Choroid fissure - on ventral rim of optic cup - area where portion of optic
- groove cup is missing (dorsal side)
Optic Stalk - - Connecting optic cup and
- Narrow space diencephalon
Corneal Epithelium - - Skin ectoderm covering lens
vesicle
Level of the Pulmonary Aorta and Telencephalon
Name and Description Location Function / Cavity/Takes Place Fate Derived From/
Arises From
Pharynx
- Smaller before
Larynx - Small cavity below pharynx
Paired 6th Aortic Arch - on mesenchymal mass - Unites to form arm of Y –
below pharynx shaped figure
Pulmonary Trunk of Conus - - Lower portion of Y – shaped
Arteriosus figure
Bulbus Cordis - - Where pulmonary trunk is
- Chamber of heart extended ventrally
Blood Flow
Ventricle Bulbus Cordis
Ventral Aorta Aortic Arches
Aortic Trunk - Beside pulmonary trunk - Embedded in bulbus cordis
- Blood vessel
Pericardial Cavity - - Where bulbus cordis lies
Telencephalon - Telencephalic Vesicles
- Continuation of diencephalon - Lateral outgrowths
- Ventricle I and III
Interventricular Foramen
- Means of ventricles to
communicate
Foramen of Monro
- Communicate ventricle III
of diencephalon with
Telencephalic vesicles
Nasal Pit - On lateral surfaces of head - Elevated regions of What is the fate of the PIT DEEPENING (ARISES)
- Pair of cavities close to upper portion of mesenchyme Lateral and Medial - Olfactory pit
- Olfactory Pit extends to telencephalon - Lateral and medial regions Nasal processes??? invagination and growth
of nasal processes
oral cavity of mesenchyme if moved
Who knows? We
posteriorly
might never know
Posterior Nares/ Nasal
Choanae
- opening of pit to oral cavity