Choice of Heat Exchangers-1
Choice of Heat Exchangers-1
Choice of Heat Exchangers-1
11
Heat- -Changer
SELECTION PROCEDURE
This section presents examples of step-by-step XL30 which is approximately 30 inches high and,
procedures for selecting Heat-X-Changer elements. as indicated on the left side of the chart, will have
an approximate length of 45 inches.
EXAMPLE #1
ELEMENT SELECTION CHART
500
Standard Conditions 2
400
320 0 0 X8
0
250 0 X5 X6
X4
45 40 1
32
-20o F DB 13
10
8
Exhaust Air: 4081 CFM 6
5
80o F DB
0
50% RH
100 150 250 400 650 1000 1500 2500 4000 6500 10000 15000 25000 40000 65000 100000
Airflow (CFM)
Chart Page 17
CFM can be converted to SCFM by using the cor-
rection chart found on page 17.
3. After the initial element selection, refer to page 25
for element Model XL30. The chart shows Effec-
ALTITUDE/TEMPERATURE CONVERSION FACTOR
tiveness and Max. Pressure drop curves for three
For Standard Cubic Feet/Minute (SCFM) optional XL30 plate spacings. For this selection,
pick element XL30B because of its higher effec-
tiveness and reasonable pressure drop.
Pressure Drop
Effectiveness
fectiveness
XL
30B Sta
(Inches W.G.)
Sta B
30
80 nd
ard
Sp
acin
XL
0.6
g 30C
XL
XL
30
C .48
% Ef
70 0.4
65
60 0.2
50 0.0
Chart Page 17 200 300 400 500 600 700
Face Velocity Ft./Min
(Refer to Conversion chart below for SCFM)
Supply Air: 4000 SCFM Conversion Chart - Airflow(SCFM) @ (Face Velocity x Face Area)
(AxB)
-20o F DB (B)
Face
Area 200 300
Element Face Velocity
400 500 600 700 Weight
110
80o F DB XL30-24
XL30-30
24
30
4.48
5.65
896
1129
1343
1694
1791
2259
2239
2823
2687
3388
3134
3952
150
180
XL30-36 36 6.82 1363 2045 2726 3408 4089 4771 210
50% RH XL30-42 42 7.98 1597 2395 3194 3992 4790 5589 240
XL30-48 48 9.15 1831 2746 3661 4576 5492 6407 280
XL30-60 60 11.49 2298 3447 4596 5745 6894 8043 360
XL30-72 72 13.83 2766 4149 5531 6914 8297 9680 420
2. For element model selection, refer to the Element Performance curves are based on standard conditions. For specific entering conditions, refer to
Selection Procedures, pages 12 through 19.
12
Heat- -Changer
EXAMPLE #2
The closest scfm to 4000 under 500 fpm face ve-
locity is 3992 SCFM for the element model XL30-
Non-Standard Temperatures
42. Using the face area of 7.98 ft2 for element
X30B-42, calculate the actual face velocity through
1. This example will demonstrate element selection
the exchanger.
using non-standard supply air and exhaust air
temperatures.
4000 SCFM/7.98 ft2 = 501 ft/min
Supply Air: 10,000 SCFM
Now move up into the performance curves at 501
40o F DB
ft/min and find the following element perfor-
mance from the curve marked "XL30B",
Exhaust Air: 10,000 SCFM
Element X30B-42 Effectiveness = 65%, 120o F DB
max. air pressure drop = 0.48" w.g. 50% RH
@nominal cfm
2. From page 17, a model XL50 element is selected
with an approximate length of 65 inches.
5. Total energy recovered can be calculated as
follows: 3. On page 27, choose the model XL50C-60:
Heat Recovered = 1.085 x SCFM (supply air) Face Velocity = 10,000/19.07 = 524 fpm
x T(Sup) -T(Exh) Base Effectiveness = 67%
x Elem. Effectiveness. Max. Pressure Drop (SA) = 0.45" w.g.
= 1.08 x 4000 x (80-(-20)) x 0.65
= 282,100 Btuh
4. Refer to page 18 to find the temperature correc-
The performance charts are based on a supply air tion factor. Entering the table with 40o F supply
temperature of -20o F, an exhaust air temperature of air and 120oF exhaust air gives a correction factor
80o F @ 50% RH and an SCFM ratio of 1.0. If selection of 0.94.
conditions vary from these conditions the element
Base Effectiveness = 67%
effectiveness and pressure drops must be corrected
Temperature Correction Factor = 0.94
by the factors given in the correction tables on page
Final Effectiveness = 0.94 x 66%
18 and 19. The following examples provide element
selections using these correction tables. = 63%.
* Average performance values for all element sizes with face velocities of 400-700 FPM.
Contact factory for individual element performance.
Chart Page 18
13
Heat- -Changer
5. The actual supply air and exhaust air pressure 2. Make initial selection from page 17:
drops can be calculated using the correction fac-
tors found in the table on page 19. Model XL14 @ 15" length
Base Pressure Drop (EA) = 0.45 w.g. Face Velocity = (500/1.49) = 336 fpm
Correction Factor(120oF) = 1.12 Base Effectiveness = 68%
Actual Pressure Drop = 0.50" w.g Max. Pressure Drop = 0.25" w.g.
PRESSURE DROP CORRECTION FACTORS* 4. Refer to page 18 to find the temperature correction
FOR ACTUAL PRESSURE DROP factor of 1.06. From page 19, the pressure drop
correction factors are 0.73 (SA) and 1.02 (EA).
Exchanger Temperature For the Humidity correction factor refer to the bot-
elocity
FaceVelocity
FaceV -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
100 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
tom of page 18.
200 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03
300 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.94 0.97 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.13 EFFECTIVENESS CORRECTION FACTORS*
400 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.92 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.15 FOR NON-STANDARD AIRFLOW RATIO AND
500 0.73 0.79 0.84 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.12 1.17 EXHAUST HUMIDITY
600 0.72 0.78 0.83 0.89 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.13 1.20
700+ 0.70 0.76 0.82 0.88 0.94 1.00 1.07 1.14 1.22
* Average performance values for all element sizes. Contact factory for individual
element performance.
Chart Page 19
Heat * Average performance values for all element sizes with face velocities of 400-700 FPM. Contact
factory for individual element performance.
Heat
Recovered = 1.085 x 500 x (90-(-40)) x 0.84
= 59,240 Btuh
14
Heat- -Changer
EXAMPLE #4 EXAMPLE #5
Unequal Airflows (Exhaust > Supply) Unequal Airflows (Exhaust < Supply)
1.This example selects an element using non-standard 1.This example selects an element using non-standard
temperatures, indoor humidity and SCFM ratio: temperatures, indoor humidity and SCFM ratio:
2. Make initial selection using the exhaust airflow, 2. Make initial selection using the supply airflow,
since it has the largest pressure drop. since it has the largest pressure drop.
3. Go to performance charts and find the following 3. Go to performance charts and find the following
conditions for model XL60C-84: conditions for model XL60C-84:
Element Face Area = 31.94 ft2 Element Face Area = 31.94 ft2
Face Velocity (SA) = 522 fpm Face Velocity (SA) = 626 fpm
Face Velocity (EA) = 626 fpm Face Velocity (EA) = 438 fpm
Base Effectiveness (SA) = 73% Base Effectiveness (SA) = 73%
Base Pressure Drop (SA) = 0.60" w.g. Base Pressure Drop (SA) = 0.80" w.g.
Base Pressure Drop (EA) = 0.80" w.g. Base Pressure Drop (EA) = 0.45" w.g.
SCFM Ratio = 20,000/16,666 = 1.2 SCFM Ratio = 14,000/20,000 = 0.7
4. Refer to page 18 to find the temperature correction 4. Refer to page 18 to find the temperature correction
factor of 0.94. For the Airflow Ratio/Humidity factor of 0.94. For the Airflow Ratio/Humidity
correction factor, use the correction table at the correction factor, use the correction table at the
bottom of page 18. Enter the table with an SCFM bottom of page 18. Enter the table with an SCFM
ratio of 1.2 and Exhaust air relative humidity of 30% ratio of 0.7 and Exhaust air relative humidity of 30%
for an Airflow/Humidity Correction Factor of 0.96. for an Airflow/Humidity Correction Factor of 0.77.
Final Effectiveness = 73% x 0.94 x 0.96 Final Effectiveness = 73% x 0.94 x 0.77
= 66% = 53%
Actual PD (SA) = 0.76 x 0.60" Actual PD (SA) = 0.75 x 0.80"
= 0.46" w.g. = 0.60" w.g.
Actual PD (EA) = 0.94 x 0.80" Actual PD (EA) = 0.96 x 0.45
= 0.75" w.g. = 0.43" w.g.
Heat Heat
Recovered = 1.085 x 16,666 x (60-(-10)) x 0.66 Recovered = 1.085 x 20,000 x (60-(-10)) x 0.53
= 835,417 Btuh. = 805,070 Btuh.
15
Heat- -Changer
Supply air temperature (with spray)
EXAMPLE #6 12oF x 55% = 6oF.
79oF - 6oF = 73oF
Indirect Evaporative Cooling 4. Final Effectiveness will be:
An example of indirect evaporative cooling is 17 + 6 = 23 = 68%
shown on page 7. In the vertical pass, the scaven- 96 - 62 34
ger outdoor air is adiabatically cooled with direct 5. Total sensible cooling capacity from indirect evapo-
evaporative cooling as it passes through a wetted rative cooling will be:
media where it is nearly saturated and remains
saturated with a water spray as it passes through Cooling Cap. = 1.08 x 10,000 SCFM x 23oF
the exchanger. The horizontal pass of the ex- = 249,600 Btuh
changer is supply air that is indirectly evapora- 6. Contact XeteX for assistance in calculating capaci-
tively cooled by the scavenger air. ties with different temperatures or other applica-
tions of indirect evaporative cooling.
Conditions entering the exchanger:
Scavenger Air: 10,000 SCFM 1. For this example refer to Example #1 for condi-
62oF DB tions and single-pass exchanger effectiveness.
90% RH
2. Using the effectiveness for a single-pass ex-
2. Find the initial effectiveness from the chart for
changer, refer to the table on page 19 for the cor-
element XL50D-60,
rection factor for double-pass exchangers.
Face Velocity = 549 fpm
SINGLE-PASS TO DOUBLE-PASS ELEMENT
Initial Effectiveness = 61%.
EFFECTIVENESS CONVERSION CHART
3. Use temperature correction factor,
16
Heat- -Changer
200
24 0
0 X X3
160
X2
125 2
100 X1 4
80
8 X1
63 X0
50
40
1
32
25
20
16
13
10
8
6
5
0
Airflow (CFM)
17
Heat- -Changer
95 1.06 1.05 1.03 1.02 0.99 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.83
Temperature
90 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.85 0.83
85 1.06 1.03 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.87 0.84 0.83
80 1.06 1.03 1.00 0.98 0.95 0.94 0.91 0.85 0.83 0.83
75 1.05 1.02 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.85 0.83 0.83
Exhaust Air T
70 1.04 1.02 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83
65 1.03 1.01 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.83
60 1.02 1.00 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83 0.83
55 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.83
50 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.92 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83
* Average performance values for all element sizes with face velocities of 400-700 FPM.
Contact factory for individual element performance.
* Average performance values for all element sizes with face velocities of 400-700 FPM. Contact
factory for individual element performance.
18
Heat- -Changer
* Average performance values for all element sizes. Contact factory for individual
element performance.
19