Infrared Thermometer Uncertainty Budget - Frank Liebmann, 2018-03-14
Infrared Thermometer Uncertainty Budget - Frank Liebmann, 2018-03-14
Infrared Thermometer Uncertainty Budget - Frank Liebmann, 2018-03-14
This webinar will give you a good foundation for estimating infrared
thermometer calibration uncertainty. You'll learn how to calculate each
of the uncertainties listed in ASTM E2847 for infrared calibration,
including uncertainties related to the thermal radiation source as well
as the infrared thermometer. We'll provide a complete analysis for one
temperature point as an example.
Your Presenter
Frank Liebmann
• B.S. Electrical Engineering University of Utah
• 14 years with Fluke/Hart Scientific
– Temperature Metrologist
– Laboratory QA Manager
– Sr. Design Engineer
– Radiation Thermometry Engineer
• Chairman ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry
• [email protected]
• Phone: 801.763.1700
3
Outline
ASTM BIPM
Calibration temperature Calibration temperature
Blackbody Emissivity, Isothermal
Source emissivity
Blackbody Emissivity, Non-Isothermal
Reflected ambient radiation Reflected ambient radiation
Source heat exchange Cavity bottom heat exchange
Convection
Ambient conditions
Ambient Conditions
Source uniformity Cavity bottom uniformity
IR Thermometer Uncertainties
ASTM BIPM
Size-of-Source effect Size-of-Source effect
Ambient temperature
Ambient temperature
Reference temperature
Atmospheric absorption Atmospheric absorption
Noise
Noise Gain ratios
Non-linearity
Display Resolution NA
Examples
• Scheme I
– Contact traceability
• Scheme II
– Radiometric traceability
Measurement Equation
S Tmeas S TS
1 instr
S TW S Td
instr
S instr
S TS S TW
instr
Source Emissivity Uncertainty
S Tmeas S TS
1 instr S T S T
instr
W d
instr S T S T
S
instr
S W
1 S Tmeas
1
S TS S TW
S instr
S Tmeas
Tmeas S
2 U Tmeas U S U S
S S Tmeas
T
Reflected Temp Uncertainty
S Tmeas S TS
1 instr S T S T
instr
W d
instr S T S T
S
instr
S W
U ATM S
U ATM Tmeas S Tmeas
1
S Tmeas S
T
SH 8 – 14 µm Band Calculations
T T
S(T) ∂S/∂T
(°C) (K)
Uncertainty
Component
(K)
Calibration Uncertainty 0.207
Drift 0.170
U1 (k=2) 0.268
U2 Source emissivity
• Average Emissivity 8 – 14 μm
– 0.950
• Average Emissivity 7.5 – 14 μm
– 0.952
• Use U(ε) = 0.002
U2 Source emissivity
• U(ε) = 0.002
• For 100 °C : U4(T) = 0.12 K
U2 Source emissivity
• TS = 100 °C, TW = 23 °C, εINSTR = 0.95
• U(εS) = 0.002
• S(TS) = 0.0202920, S(TW) = 0.0076966
• ∂S(Tmeas)/ ∂T = 0.000206805
S Tmeas
1
1
S TS S TW 1 0.0202920 0.0076966 0.013258
S instr 0.95
S Tmeas
S
U T
2 meas
S Tmeas
U S
0.013258
0.002 0.128 K
0.000206805
T
U2 Scheme I Calibration
S Tmeas
1
1
S TS S TW 1 0.0202920 0.0076966 0.013258
S instr 0.95
S Tmeas
S
U T
2 meas
S Tmeas
U S
0.013258
0.015 0.962 K
0.000206805
T
U3 Reflected ambient radiation
• U(TREFL) = 1 °C
• For 100 °C: U6(T) = 0.03 °C
U3 Reflected ambient radiation
• TS = 100 °C, TW = 23 °C, εINSTR = εS = 0.95
• U(TW) = 1.0 K
• Values from previous chart circled blue
• ∂S(TW)/ ∂T = 0.000119945
• ∂S(Tmeas)/ ∂T = 0.000206805
S Tmeas 1 S 1 0.95
1 0.052632
S TW instr 0.95
2 S TW
S Tmeas T
U REFL Tmeas U TW 0.052632
0.000119945
1.0 0.031K
S TW S Tmeas 0.000206805
T
U4 Source heat exchange
For a cavity:
• ε – emissivity
• σ – SB Constant (5.670400 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4)
• Ti – source temperature
• Ta – ambient temperature
• d – thickness (from control sensor)
• K – thermal conductivity 2
• r – radius of source
Tb tot Ti 4 T
a
4
d r
K L
• L – depth of cavity
U4 Source heat exchange (Flat Plate)
Stephan-Boltzmann Law
T 4
Combine with Kirchhoff and Emissivity
S TS4 TAMB
4
HEAT OUT HEAT IN
T S T T K
4 4 d
S AMB
U4 Source heat exchange
4181 Example
• Temperature 100 °C (373.15 K)
• Ambient Temperature 23 °C (296.15 K)
• d – distance from sensor to surface (6.35 mm)
• K – thermal conductivity (Brass - 109 Wm-1K-1)
• εS – 0.95
• σ – SB Constant (5.670400 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4)
T S TS4 TAMB
4 d
K
T 0.95 5.6704e 8 2 4 373.154 296.154 K 4
W 0.00635m
0.0367 K
m K W
109
mK
This gives the temperature drop
U4 Source heat exchange
T S T T K K
4 4 d d
S AMB
U5 Ambient conditions
T S T T K
4 4 d
S AMB
T d 3
4 S TAMB
TAMB K
U5 Ambient conditions
• TAMB = 23 °C [U(TAMB) = 1 °C ]
T d 3
4 S TAMB
TAMB K
T W 0.00635m
4 0.95 5.6704e 8 2 4 296.153
TAMB m K 109 W
mK
T
0.000326
TAMB
T
U 5 T U TAMB 1K 0.000326 0.000326 K
TAMB
U6 Source uniformity
I T V
niformity Spec
iameter
U6 Source uniformity
ASTM E2758
U10 Noise
Value
Uncertainty Desig.
(K)
Source
Calibration temperature U1 0.268
Source emissivity U2 0.128
Reflected ambient radiation U3 0.031
Source heat exchange U4 0.004
Ambient conditions U5 0.000
Source uniformity U6 0.185
IR Thermometer
Size-of-Source effect U7 0.058
Ambient temperature U8 0.050
Atmospheric absorption U9 0.020
Noise U10 0.100
Display Resolution U11 0.058
Our seminar topics cover principles and practical tips about electrical, flow, pressure,
RF and temperature calibration
Thank you
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