Storage Outflow Routing
Storage Outflow Routing
Storage Outflow Routing
• The relationship of storage (S), Inflow (I), and Outflow (O) at an instant:
dS
= I−O
dt
• For a time interval ∆t, it may be written in terms of average terms:
∆S
= I−O
∆t
• The area between the inflow and outflow hydrographs for a given time interval ∆t
represents a change in storage volume.
• For computational purposes:
S 2 − S1 I 1 + I 2 O 1 + O 2
= − Eq.1
∆t 2 2
Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to beginning and end of computational time interval.
For each time step, I1, I2, and S1 are known, O2 and S2 are unknown.
• Routing Methods:
2S 2 2S1 Eq.2
∆ t + O 2 = I1 + I 2 + ∆ t − O 1
At each time step, the terms to the right of the equal sign are known and the (2S/∆t + O)
term on the left is computed.
As the computational algorithm advances to the next time step, (2S/∆t - O) is determined
as,
2S 2S Eq.3
∆t − O = ∆t + O − 2 O
2S
+O versus O is required to determine O.
∆t
Example: A dam has an uncontrolled weir spillway 10 m wide with a crest elevation of
548.0 m and a discharge coefficient of 2.0. The reservoir water surface
elevation versus area relationship developed from a topographic map is shown
in the Table 1 below. The elevation versus discharge relationship will be
computed using weir equation. Route the inflow hydrograph provided in the
Table 2 below. The starting water surface elevation in the reservoir is 544.0 m.
Answer:
Elevation (h) Area (A) Storage (S) Head (H) Outflow (O) 2S/∆
∆t + O
2 3 3 3
m m m m m /s m /s
530 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
532 1,000 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.6
534 2,000 4,000 0.0 0.0 2.2
536 5,000 11,000 0.0 0.0 6.1
538 9,000 25,000 0.0 0.0 13.9
540 20,000 54,000 0.0 0.0 30.0
542 35,000 109,000 0.0 0.0 60.6
544 60,000 204,000 0.0 0.0 113.3
546 110,000 374,000 0.0 0.0 207.8
548 200,000 684,000 0.0 0.0 380.0
550 330,000 1,214,000 2.0 56.6 731.0
552 430,000 1,974,000 4.0 160.0 1256.7
554 550,000 2,954,000 6.0 293.9 1935.0
556 700,000 4,204,000 8.0 452.5 2788.1
558 900,000 5,804,000 10.0 632.5 3856.9
Storage-Outflow Routing Table
Storage-Outflow Routing
600
Discharge in CMS
500
400 Inflow
300 Outflow
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Time (hrs)