Surname Other Names For Examiner’s Use

Centre Number Candidate Number

Candidate Signature

General CertiÞcate of Secondary Education

June 2008

ADDITIONAL SCIENCE PHY2H

H
Unit Physics P2

PHYSICS
Unit Physics P2

Higher Tier
For Examiner’s Use

Wednesday 11 June 2008 1.30 pm to 2.15 pm Question Mark Question Mark

For this paper you must have: 1 3

! a ruler.

You may use a calculator.

2 4

5
Time allowed: 45 minutes
6
Instructions
! Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 7
! Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.

! Answer all questions.

! You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers

written in margins or on blank pages will not be marked.

! Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not

want to be marked.
Total (Column 1)
Information
! The maximum mark for this paper is 45. Total (Column 2)
! The marks for questions are shown in brackets.

! You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. TOTAL

! You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
Examiner’s Initials
in your answers.

Advice
! In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

(JUN08PHY2H01)
G/K32540 6/6/6/6 PHY2H
 Areas outside
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) The circuit diagram drawn below includes a component labelled X.

9V

0.5 A A

8Ω
X

1 (a) (i) Use the equation in the box to calculate the potential difference across the 8 ohm
resistor.

potential difference = current × resistance

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Potential difference = ................................................. volts

(2 marks)

1 (a) (ii) What is the potential difference across component X?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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1 (b) The graph shows how the resistance of component X changes with temperature.

20

18

16

14

12
Resistance
10
in ohms
8

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Temperature in °C

1 (b) (i) What is component X?

................................................ (1 mark)

1 (b) (ii) Over which range of temperatures does the resistance of component X change the
most?

Put a tick (#) in the box next to your choice.

0 °C to 20 °C

20 °C to 40 °C

40 °C to 60 °C

60 °C to 80 °C

80 °C to 100 °C
____
(1 mark) 5

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2 (a) The table gives information about the radioactive isotope, radon-222.

mass number 222

atomic number 86
radiation emitted alpha particle

2 (a) (i) Complete the following sentence.

The mass number is the total number of ............................................................ and

.................................................. inside an atom.

(2 marks)

2 (a) (ii) Radon-222 is an isotope of radon.

How many protons are there in an atom of radon-222?

................................................ (1 mark)

2 (a) (iii) When an atom of radon-222 emits an alpha particle, the radon-222 changes into
an atom of polonium-218.

An alpha particle consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

How is the structure of the nucleus of a polonium-218 atom different from the
structure of the nucleus of a radon-222 atom?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

2 (b) The pie chart shows the average radiation dose that a person in the UK receives each
year from natural background radiation.
The doses are measured in millisieverts (mSv).

Food
and drink
0.28

Buildings Radon
and soil 0.72
0.4

Cosmic rays
0.4

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2 (b) (i) Calculate the proportion of natural background radiation that comes from radon.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Proportion of radon = .................................................

(2 marks)

2 (b) (ii) Not all background radiation is from natural sources.

Name one source of background radiation that is not natural.

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

2 (c) The bar chart shows the average yearly dose from natural background radiation in
different European countries.

4
Average
yearly dose 3
in mSv
2

0
a

G ce

Po d

K
ga
tri

ec
an

ai

U
an

la
rtu

Sp
re
us

Ire
Fr

G
A

er

2 (c) (i) How many times bigger is the average annual background dose in Germany
compared to the UK?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Question 2 continues on the next page

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2 (c) (ii) The following table gives the effects of different radiation doses on the human
body.

Radiation dose in mSv Effects

10 000 Immediate illness; death within a few weeks
1 000 Radiation sickness; unlikely to cause death
50 Lowest dose with evidence of causing cancer

A family goes to Germany for a two-week holiday. Should they be concerned

about the higher level of background radiation in Germany?

Draw a ring around your answer.

Yes No

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
____
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3 (a) A car driver takes a short time to react to an emergency before applying the brakes.
The distance the car will travel during this time is called the ‘thinking distance’.

The graph shows how the thinking distance of a driver depends on the speed of the car.

20

15
Thinking
distance 10
in metres
5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Speed in m/s

3 (a) (i) What is the connection between thinking distance and speed?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

3 (a) (ii) Many people drive while they are tired.

Draw a new line on the graph to show how thinking distance changes with speed
for a tired driver.
(1 mark)

3 (a) (iii) The graph was drawn using data given in the Highway Code.

Do you think that the data given in the Highway Code is likely to be reliable?

Draw a ring around your answer.

Yes No Maybe

Give a reason for your answer.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Question 3 continues on the next page

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3 (b) The distance a car travels once the brakes are applied is called the ‘braking distance’.

3 (b) (i) What is the relationship between thinking distance, braking distance and stopping
distance?

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

3 (b) (ii) State two factors that could increase the braking distance of a car at a speed of
15 m/s.

1 ................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
____
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4 The diagram shows two oscilloscope traces, A and B.

Trace A shows how the potential difference between the live and neutral terminals of an
electricity supply changes with time.

4 (a) Describe how the potential of the live terminal varies with respect to the neutral
terminal of the electricity supply.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

4 (b) What does trace B show?

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

4 (c) Each horizontal division on the oscilloscope represents 0.005 s.

4 (c) (i) What is the period of this electricity supply?

...................................................................................................................................

Period = .................................. seconds

(1 mark)

4 (c) (ii) Calculate the frequency of the supply.

...................................................................................................................................

Frequency = .................................. hertz

(1 mark) ____
5
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5 A car is driven along a straight road. The graph shows how the velocity of the car changes
during part of the journey.

+15

+10

+5
Velocity
0
in m/s 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
–5

–10

–15
Time in seconds

5 (a) Use the graph to calculate the deceleration of the car between 6 and 9 seconds.

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Deceleration = .................................................
(3 marks)

5 (b) At what time did the car change direction?

.................................. seconds
(1 mark)
____
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6 Static electricity can be both useful and a nuisance.

6 (a) The diagram shows a method of producing sandpaper using static electricity.

Glue spray gun

Glue droplets
Roll of
paper Earthed metal plate
Sand

Conveyor belt
Positively charged metal plate

Glue is sprayed onto a moving strip of paper. As the glue leaves the spray gun, the glue
breaks up into tiny negatively charged droplets which coat the paper. The sticky paper
passes between two metal plates. Sand moving on a conveyor belt also passes between the
metal plates.

6 (a) (i) Explain the advantage of having all the droplets of glue negatively charged.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

6 (a) (ii) Explain why the sand moves towards the sticky paper.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

Question 6 continues on the next page

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6 (b) People often experience an electric shock when getting out of a car.
This happens because charge is generated as they move around on the car seats.

On a warm dry day, the potential difference between a driver and the car increases
to 10 000 volts. As the driver goes to touch the car door, a spark jumps the air gap,
transferring 20 joules of energy between the driver and the car.

Use the equation in the box to calculate the initial charge on the driver.

energy transformed = potential difference × charge

Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Charge = .................................................
(3 marks)
____
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7 The diagram shows a small, radio-controlled, flying toy. A fan inside the toy pushes air
downwards creating the lift force on the toy.

Lift force

Flexible
polystyrene base

Fan blade
Weight = 0.6 N

When the toy is hovering in mid-air, the fan is pushing 1.5 kg of air downwards every
10 seconds. Before the toy is switched on, the air is stationary.

7 (a) Use the equations in the box to calculate the velocity of the air when the toy is
hovering.

momentum = mass × velocity

force = change in momentum

time taken for the change

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Velocity = ................................................. m/s

(3 marks)

Question 7 continues on the next page

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7 (b) Explain why the toy accelerates upwards when the fan rotates faster.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

7 (c) The toy is not easy to control so it often falls to the ground.

Explain how the flexible polystyrene base helps to protect the toy from being damaged
when it crashes into the ground.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)
____
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END OF QUESTIONS

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