Describing Trends in IELTS Writing Task 1

IELTS Academic Writing

In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 you will be tested on your ability to describe and interpret
information presented in a graph, table, chart or diagram.
You will need to describe trends, compare and contrast data or report statistical information.
Occasionally you will need to describe a process (which we will explain in another section).
In order to do well in this section, you need to know specific vocabulary related to describing
trends.

Verbs to describe an upward trend

The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes up.

 climb (past: climbed)

 go up (past: went up)
 grow (past: grew)
 increase (past: increased)
 jump (past: jumped)
 rise (past: rose)
 rocket (past: rocketed)

Sentence examples using words that show an upward trend:

 The number of enrolments increased significantly between 2005 and 2010.
 Production rose from 800 units in May to 1000 units the following month.

Verbs to describe a downward trend

The following verbs can be used to describe a trend or pattern that goes down.

 decline (past: declined)

 decrease (past: decreased)
 drop (past: dropped)
 fall (past: fell)
 go down (past: went down)
 plummet (past: plummeted) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value
 plunge (past: plunged) = to fall or drop suddenly in amount or value
Plunge and Plummet, when describing trends, have the same meaning.

Sentence examples using words that show a downward trend:

 Prices of Model X dropped significantly once Model Y became available on the
market.
 Company profits decreased in 2013 by 15%.
Words and phrases used to describe a stable trend
To describe a more or less stable pattern, you can use the following expressions:

 maintain (past: maintained)

 remain (past: remained)
 stay (past: stayed)
 constant
 stable
 steady
 unchanged

Adverbs used when describing trends

Adverbs describe HOW something happens. They usually come after a verb.

 sharply, rapidly, quickly, steeply

 considerably, significantly, substantially
 steadily, gradually, moderately
 slightly, slowly
To see the degree of intensity of these adverbs, look at the chart below.

Academic Writing Task 1 Summary Chart

Nouns used when describing trends
 decline
 decrease
 dip (a momentarily small drop in the level of something)
 drop
 fall
 fluctuation (= an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation)
 growth
 increase
 peak (= the highest point)
 rise
 slump (= a severe or prolonged fall in the price, value, or amount of something)
 variation (= a change or difference in condition, amount, or level)

Quick IELTS Academic Writing Tips when describing

trends
Do not describe every small upwards or downwards movement. You need to look at the
important trends or characteristics and give a general overview.
You will normally use verbs in the past tense when describing trends though always look for
dates to confirm which tense to use.
Do not write about things that do not appear in the graph. You shouldn't give an opinion, just
describe the information that appears.
Even if your grammar (and vocabulary) is perfect, you will lose marks for not showing an
accurate understanding.

SOURCE: http://www.vocabulary.cl/ielts/academic-writing-task-1-describing-trends.htm
Useful vocabulary to use in IELTS
Task 1 essays
Part of your score is based on vocabulary. Here are useful words and phrases to use that
describe movement in a graph or chart:

Similar words meaning “to become greater in number; to go up”:

to rise (v)

 Prices rose from $10 to $15 within 3 months. Prices rose by 50%.
 Note: Don’t confuse the verbs “rise” (to become more) with “raise” (to make
something rise). Ex. School fees are set to rise. Our school has raised their fees by
5%.
 As a noun: There was a rise of %5 in school fees.

to increase (v)

 Birth rates in New Zealand stood at 20,000 at the start of this period and increased
to a peak of 66,000 in 1961.
 You can use increase from (a number) to (a number); increase by (
number/percentage), increase in value/price.
 Note: Don’t use “increase” to refer to the level or standard of something.
 As a noun: There was an increase in house prices for the first 5 years.

to grow (v)

 The population of internet users grew the fastest in Canada during this period.
 As a noun: Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.

to soar (v) – to fly upward, like a bird; rise to great heights

 While sales of Product B remained steady, sales of Product A soared during the
fourth quarter.

to rocket/to skyrocket (v) – similar to soar – to fly upward to great heights

  By 2030 the elderly Japanese population is predicted to skyrocket 150% within
one or two years. OR By 2030 the proportion of elderly Japanese is predicted to
skyrocket to 25%of the population within one or two years.

to spike (v) – to increase quickly then fall down again

 On the other hand, house prices spiked in the first two months after the
recession.
 As a noun: There was a spike in house prices in the first two months after the
recession.

to jump (v)

 New gym memberships jumped 10% immediately after the Christmas holiday
period.
 As a noun: There was a 10% jump in new gym memberships immediately after
the Christmas holiday period.

to hit/reach a peak (v) – a peak is the highest point/level

 From there, the audience level continues to rise sharply, reaching a peak of
45% of the population between 6 and 10 pm, also aptly known as “prime time”.

to reach a high (v) – similar to “reach a peak”

 Conversely, audience levels for radio reaches a high in the morning by 9 am.

an upward trend (n)

 The graph shows an upward trend in household access to modern technology in

the UK from 1996 to 2003.

to double (v) – increase 2 times

to triple (v) – increase 3 times

 House prices nearly doubled in that time period.

———————————

Similar words meaning “to lessen, diminish, go down”:

to decrease (v)

 From that point, marriages decreased steadily until 1970 hitting a low of about
250,000.
 As a noun: From that point, there was a steady decease in marriages until 1970
when it hit a low of about 250,000.

to decline (v)

 Although Australian exports increased slightly in the first year to its peak in 1986,
it gradually declined to about 11 million tonnes in 1990, remaining the smallest
of the three exporters.
 As a noun: Although there was an increase in Australian exports in the first year
with a peak in 1986, there was a gradual decline by 1990 and remained the
smallest of the three exporters.

to drop (v)

 From 10 pm, audience levels drop dramatically to nearly 1% by 2 am.

 As a noun: From 10 pm there is a dramatic drop in audience levels to nearly
1% by 2 am.

to dip/ to take a dip (v) – to decrease but goes up again

 Between the 2nd and 3rd quarter, sales of Product D took a dip of 10%, but later
regained growth by the 4th quarter.
 As a noun: There was a 10% dip in Product D sales between the 2nd and 3rd
quarter followed by growth by the 4th quarter.

to fall (v)

 From 10pm, audience levels fall sharply to nearly 1% by 2 am.

 As a noun: From 10 pm there is a sharp fall in audience levels to nearly 1% by
2 am.

to plunge (v); to plummet (v) – to fall quickly

to hit bottom (v); to reach a low (an all-time low) (v)

a downward trend (n)

 o Overall, we can see a downward trend in marriages between 1951 and 2003.

————————————–

Similar words/expressions that mean ” to stay the same”:

to stabilize (v) – to hold at a steady level

o After a 10-year period of fluctuations, the total value stabilized at roughly 30%
until 2005.

to remain/hold steady (v) ; to remain stable (v); to remain/stay constant (v) ; to remain/stay
the same (v)

o By contrast, the figures for Japan remained steady just under 5% until the early
2000s.
o Remarriages, on the other hand enjoyed a slight increase from 1971, but
overall remained stable throughout the century, reaching around 100,000 by
2003.

to remain flat (v) – show no growth or little change

to level off (v) – after a period of change or shift, there is little movement and stays level

to plateau/to reach a plateau (v) – to reach a stable level

to bottom out (v) – to descend to the lowest point possible, after which only a rise can occur

o Exports continued to grow until it plateaued in 2002 for 5 years, after which it fell
and then bottomed out by 2009.

——————————————–

Other useful vocabulary:

to fluctuate (v) – to change continually shifting up and down

 Student enrollment fluctuated wildly, but the trend was clearly upward.
 As a noun: There were wild fluctuations in student enrollment, but the trend was
clearly upward.

to surpass (v) – to pass another and go beyond in amount, level or degree

 o Although mobile phones started with the lowest accessibility in 1996,
it surpassed the usage of home computers at the beginning of 1999.

to exceed (v) – to go beyond in quantity, amount or degree

o In terms of following their budgets, Project X came in under their budget by 5K,
whereas Project Y exceeded their budget by 25K.

SOURCE: http://yourieltstutor.com/useful-vocabulary-to-use-in-ielts-task-1-essays/
Academic Writing Task 1 Vocabulary
Academic Writing Vocabulary
The Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 requires you to use several vocabularies to present the data given
in a pie/ bar/ line/ mixed graphs or to describe a process or a flow chart. Being able to use appropriate
vocabulary, presenting main trends, comparing & contrasting data and presenting the logical flow of
the graph ensures a high band score in your Academic IELTS writing task 1. This vocabulary section
aims to help you to learn all the vocabulary, phrases and words you need to know and use in your
Academic writing task 1 to achieve a high band score. The examiner will use four criteria to score your
response: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range and
accuracy. Since lexical resources will determine 25% of your score in Task 1, you have to enrich your
vocabulary to hit a high score. To demonstrate that you have a great lexical resources you need to:
 Use correct synonyms in your writing.

 Use a range of vocabulary.

 Do not repeat words and phrases from the exam questoin unless there is no alternative.

 Use less common vocabulary.

 Do not use the same word more than once/twice.

 Use precise and accurate words in a sentence.

It is advisable that you should learn synonyms and use them accurately in your writing in order to give
an impression that you have a good range of vocabulary.
The general format for writing academic writing task 1 is as following:
Introduction + Basic/ General Trends + Details Description + Conclusion.
Each part has a specific format and therefore being equipped with the necessary vocabulary will help
you to write the task 1 efficiently and will save a great deal of time.
Vocabulary for the Introduction Part:
Starting Presentation Type Verb Description

shows / represents / the comparison of …

depicts / illustrates /
diagram / table / figure / the differences ….
presents/ gives / provides
illustration / graph / chart / the number of ….
/ describes / compares/
The given / the flow chart / picture/ information on ….
shows contrast /
supplied / the presentation/ pie chart / bar
indicates / figures / gives data on ….
presented / the graph/ line graph / table
data on / gives the proportion of….
shown / the data/ data / information /
information on/ presents the amount of ….
provided pictorial/ process diagram/
information about/ information on….
map/ pie chart and table/ bar
shows data about/
graph and pie chart … data about…
demonstrate/ outlines/
summarise…

Example :
1. The provided diagram shows data on employment categories in energy producing sectors in
Europe starting from 1925 and till 1985.

2. The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employee in 6 broad categories,
divided into manual and non-manual occupations in Freedonia.

3. The chart gives information on expenditures of 4 European countries on six consumer products
namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.

4. The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduated in three developing
countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries.

5. The bar graph and the table data depicts the water use in different sectors in five regions.

Tips:
1. For a single graph use ‘s’ after the verb, like – gives data on, shows/ presents etc. However, if
there are multiple graphs, DO NOT use ‘s’ after the verb.

2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents different type of data, use can write which
graph presents what type of data and use ‘while’ to show a connection. For example -‘The given
bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK while the pie chart
presents a comparison of people’s ages who spent more on fast food.

3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first impression to the examiner. It
either makes or breaks your overall score.
Vocabulary for the General trends Part:
In general, In common, As is presented, Generally speaking, As is observed, As a general trend, As can
be seen, Generally speaking, Overall.
Example:
1. In general the employment opportunity has increased till 1970 and has dropped down afterward.

2. As is observed, the figures for imprisonment in the five mentioned countries show no overall
pattern of increase or decrease rather shows the considerable fluctuation from country to country.

3. Generally speaking, USA had far more standard life than all the other 4 mentioned countries.

4. As can be seen, the highest number of passengers used the London Underground station at 8:00 in
the morning and at 6:00 in the evening.

5. Generally speaking, more men were engaged in managerial positions in 1987 than that of women
in New York.

Vocabulary to show the changes:

Trends Verb form Noun Form

rise / increase / go up / uplift / a rise / an increase / an upward trend /

Increase
rocket(ed) / climb / upsurge / soar. a growth

a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a

fall / decrease / decline / plummet /
Decrease downward trends /a downward
plunge / drop / reduce
tendency / a decline/ a drop

unchanged / level out / remain

constant / remain steady / plateau / a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/ a
Steadiness
remain the same / remain stable / static
remain static

an upward trend / an upward tendency

Gradual Increase ————
/ a ceiling trend

a downward trend / a downward

Gradual decrease ————
tendency / a descending trend

level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /

remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed)
stable / prevail(ed) consistency /
Standability plateaued / reach(ed) a plateau / ————–
stay(ed) uniform /immutable /
level(ed) out/ stabilise/ remain(ed)
the same.

Examples:
1. The overall sale of the company has increased by 20% at the end of the year.
2. The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit rose by almost
25%.

3. There was a 15% drop in the student enrollment of the University.

4. The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.

5. The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it is predicted
that it will remain stable in the next 5 years.

Tips: Use ‘improve’ /’an improvement’ to describe a situation like economic condition or
employment status. To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase.
Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:
Type of
Adverb form Adjective form
Change

Rapid dramatically / rapidly / sharply / quickly / dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick / hurried /
change hurriedly / speedily / swiftly speedy / swift

Moderate moderately / gradually / progressively / moderate / gradual / progressive

change sequentially / sequential

Slight
slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously slight / slow / mild / tedious
change

Example:
1. The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

2. There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2009.

3. The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.

4. The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.

5. The price of the oil moderately increased in last quarter but as a consequence the price of daily
necessity rapidly went up.

Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:

Type of
Verb form Noun form
Change

Rapid ups and wave / fluctuate / oscillate / vacillate / waves / fluctuations / oscillations /
downs palpitate vacillations / palpitations

Example:
1. The price of the raw materials fluctuated for the first three months.

2. The graph shows the oscillations of the price of fuel from 1998 to 2002.
3. The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day but early morning and evening
are the two busiest time.

4. The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the year.

5. The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months as a rapid ups and downs
could be observed in the last three months.

What criteria a band 9 graph response would satisfy?

Task Achievement:
Fully satisfies all the requirements of the task.
Clearly presents a fully developed response.

Coherence and Cohesion:

Uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention.
Skilfully manages paragraphing.

Lexical Resource:
Uses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features.
Rare minor errors occur only as ‘slips’.
You do not need to write down every bit of information presented in the graph. Rather, you are
expected to write the most significant features of the graph and the highest and lowest point are two
significant information you should not miss in your writing. Following is a list of useful vocabulary to
learn by heart and to use them in your graph response.

Vocabulary to represent highest and lowest point in graphs:

Type Verb Noun

peak / culminated / climax / reach a

a peak / hit a vertex / get a vertex / get the
Highest Point peak / hit a peak / touch the highest
highest point
point / reach the vertex

the lowest point /the lowest mark /

touched the lowest point / get the
Lowest Point bottommost point / rock bottom point/
lowest point /
bottommost mark

Example:
1. The price of the oil reached a peak amounting $20 in February and again touched the lowest point
amounting only $10 in July.

2. Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges increased dramatically hitting a peak of
over 20 thousand in 2004.

3. The highest number of books was sold in July while it was lowest in December.

4. The oil price reached a pick in 2003 while it was lowest in 2006.

5. The sell volume of the DVD hit a pick with 2 million copies sold in a month but after just three
months it reached the bottom with only 20 thousand sold in a month.
Vocabulary to represent comparison in graphs:
Type Word(s) should be used

Similar about / almost / nearly / roughly / approximately / around / just about / very nearly /

Just over just above / just over / just bigger / just beyond / just across

Just short just below / just beneath / just sort / just under / just a little

Much more well above / well above / well beyond / well across / well over

Much less well below / well under / well short / well beneath

Example:
1. The number of high-level women executives is well beneath than the number of male executives in
this organization where approximately 2000 people works in executive levels.

2. About 1000 people died in the highway car accident in 2003 which is well above than the statistics
of all other years.

3. The number of domestic-violence cases was just below 500 in March which is just a little over than
the previous months.

4. The average rainfall in London in 2014 was just above than the average of other two cities.

5. The salaries of male executives in thee out of four companies were well above than the salaries of
female executives in 1998.

Compare and contrast

One syllable
Adjectives with one syllable form their comparatives and superlatives form. In your academic writing
task 1, you will often use such comparison and contrast related words.
cheap » cheaper » cheapest || large » larger » largest || bright » brighter » brightest etc.
Exceptions:
good » better » best || bad » worse » worst etc.
Examples:
1. The fast food items in uptown restaurants were comparatively cheaper than that of city
restaurants.

2. The largest proportion of water was used in agriculture sector in most of the Asian countries while
the European countries used largest percentage of water for industrial purposes.

3. The price of the book in store A is cheaper than the price of store B.

4. The temperature decreased further and that made the weather condition worse.

5. The temperature was better in the mid-April but in mid-July it became worse.
Two syllables
Some adjectives with two syllables form their comparatives and superlatives:
pretty » prettier » prettiest || happy » happier » happiest etc.
Examples:
1. The customer were happier than now, according to the survey, as the price was cheaper in 1992.

2. The overall production level of this company made the authority happier as it was doubled in the
last quarter of the year.

But many form their comparatives and superlatives using ‘more‘:

striking » more striking » most striking || common » more common » most
common || clever » more clever/cleverer » most clever/cleverest etc.

Three or more syllables

All adjectives with three or more syllables form their comparatives and superlatives using ‘more’ &
‘most’:
attractive » more attractive » most attractive || profitable » more profitable » most
profitable || expensive »more expensive » most expensive.
Examples:
1. The price of the custom made cars were more expensive in 2014 than it is now.
2. The factory offered more attractive overtime rates and that motivated more employees to work
for extra time.
Using Appropriate Prepositions:
You must use the correct preposition in the IELTS writing task 1 to get a high score. Be accurate about
the uses of to, by, of, off, in, on, for etc.

Examples:
» Papers are sold by the ream.
» Oranges are purchased and sold by the dozen.
» Students enrollment in the University has increased by 2% this year.
» Eggs are counted in dozens.
» Rice is measured in kg.
» He is junior to me by 4 years.
» The employees are paid per week in this factory.
» All these products are made of glasses.
Rules of Time Preposition use:
‘In’
»» Use preposition ‘in’ when you talk about years, months, decades, centuries, seasons.
Example:
Years= in 1998, in 2015 etc.
Months= in January, in December etc.
Decades= in the nineties, in the seventies etc.
Centuries= in the 19th century, in the 14th century, in the 1980s etc.
Seasons= in summer, in winter, in autumn etc.
»» Use preposition ‘in’ to talk about past or future.

Example:
Past time= in 1980, in the past, in 1235, in the ice age, in the seventies, in the last century etc.
Future time = in 2030, in the future, in the next century etc.
»» Use preposition ‘in’ when you talk about a long period.

Example:
in the ice age, in the industrial age, in iron age etc.
‘On’
»» Use preposition ‘on’ when you talk about days (days of the weeks or special days).

Example:
Days of the week= on Sunday, on Friday, on Tuesday.
Special days= on New Year’s Day, on your birthday, on Independence day, on holiday, on wedding day
etc.
»» Use preposition ‘on’ when you talk about dates.
Example:
on July 4th, on 21st January, 2015, on 5th May etc.
»» Use preposition ‘on’ when you talk about times ( like morning / afternoon / evening / night) of a
day.
Example:
on Friday morning, on Saturday afternoon, on Sunday evening, on Monday evening etc.
However, notice the below list that shows further use of preposition ‘in’ and ‘on’ for periods of the
days versus periods. This is often confusing and mistakenly used by IELTS candidates. Look at those,
notice the use and memorise it.
in on

in the morning on Sunday morning

in the afternoon on Monday afternoon

in the evening on Tuesday evening

‘At’
»» Use preposition ‘at’ when you need to express an exact time.
Example:
At eight o’clock, at 10: 45 am, at two p.m, at nine o’clock.
»» Use preposition ‘at’ when you talk about meal times
Example:
At breakfast time, at lunchtime, at dinnertime etc.
»» Use preposition ‘at’ when you talk about weekend, holiday periods, or night time.
Example:
At the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter, at night etc.
Words to make a comparison / contrast:
A bit / slightly / a little / only just / approximately / about / almost / precisely / quite / nearly /
considerably / a huge / a great deal / quite a lot / completely / exactly…
Example:
» This year population growth of the country is slightly larger than the previous year.
» This year population grown is almost twice than 2007.
» Sale of the company has increased quite a lot this year.
Vocabulary to write the Conclusion part:
To draw the conclusion: In conclusion / To conclude / On the whole.
To Summarize: In short / In brief / To sum up / In summary.
Examples:
1. In conclusion, third world countries have improved their production sectors like: garments, over the
last 10 years whereas the first world countries have improved their technology and research sectors
during the same period.
2. In brief, the overall sale of the company has improved in the last 5 years except 2005 when the
sale reduced significantly due to retrenchment.

3. In summary, the process of building an IC is a complex one and involves more than eight steps to
complete including the testing phase.

4. On the whole, the women employment progressed remarkably in the last decade and in some
employment sectors women are well ahead of men.

5. To conclude, weather forecasting is a complex process and a great deal of technology is used to
prepare and broadcast the reliable weather forecasting.
Tip: ‘In a nutshell‘ is not a formal expression and this is why, you should not use it in your IELTS Writing.
Few more informal expressions with their formal versions are given below. Since IELTS is a formal test,
your writing should be formal as well. Using informal words or expressions should be avoided. Some of
the informal words are so frequently used that it would be tough for you to eliminate them from your
writing. However, we would suggest you to make a habit of using formal words and expressions
instead- for your performance and band score’s sake.
 Informal Formal

Go up Increase

Go down Decrease

Look at Examine

Find about Discover

Point out Indicate

Need to Required

Get Obtain

Think about Consider

Seem Appear

demonstrate/
Show
illustrate

Start Commence

Keep Retain

But However

Therefore/
So
Thus

In addition/
Also
Additionally

In the meantime In the interim

In the end Finally

Anyway Notwithstanding

Lots of/ a lot of Much, many

Kids Children

Cheap Inexpensive

Right Correct

I think In my opinion

IELTS Writing Task 1 vocabulary:

Following are the vocabularies for Academic IELTS Writing Task 1 grouped as Noun, Verb, Adjective,
Adverb, and Phrase to help you improve your vocabulary and understanding of the usages of these
while describing a graph.
Noun:
Increase:
A growth: There was a growth in the earning of the people of the city at the end of the year.
An increase: Between the noon and evening, there was an increase of the temperature of the coast
area and this was probably because of the availability of the sunlight at that time.
A rise: A rise of the listener in the morning can be observed from the bar graph.
An improvement: The data presents that there was an improvement of the traffic condition between
11:00 am till 3:00 pm.
A progress: There was a progress in the law and order of the city during the end of the last year.
Rapid Increase:
A surge: From the presented information, it is clear that there was a surge in the number of voters in
1990 compared to the data given for the previous years.
A rapid increase/ a rapid growth/ a rapid improvement: There was a rapid growth in the stock value of
the company ABC during the December of the last year.
N.B: Following adjectives can be used before the above nouns to show a rapid growth/ increase of
something:

Rapid, Sudden, Steady, Noticeable, Mentionable, Tremendous, huge, enormous, massive, vast,
gigantic, monumental, incredible, fabulous, great etc.
(The above list is the words which are actually adjective and can be used before nouns to show the
big changes)
Highest:
A/ The pick: The number of visitors reached to the pick in 2008 and it exceeded 2 million.
Top/ highest/ maximum: The oil prices reached to the top/ highest in 1981 during the war.
N.B: Some of the words to present the highest/ top of something are given bellow:
Apex, pyramid, zenith, acme, obelisk, climax, needle, spire, vertex, summit, tower, most, greatest, max,
tops, peak, height, crown…

Changes:
A fluctuation: There was a fluctuation of the passenger numbers who used the railway transportation
during the year 2003 to 2004.
A variation: A variation on the shopping habit of teenagers can be observed from the data.
A disparately/ dissimilarity/ an inconsistency: The medicine tested among the rabbits shows an
inconsistency of the effect it had.
Steadiness:

Stability: The data from the line graph show a stability of the price in the retail market from January till
June for the given year.
A plateau: As is presented in the line graph, there was a plateau of the oil price from 1985 to 1990.
Decrease:
A fall: There was a fall of the price of the energy bulbs in 2010 which was less than $5.
A decline: A decline occurred after June and the production reached to 200/day for the next three
months.
A decrease: After the initial four years, the company’s share price increased and there was a decrease
of the loss it was bearing.

SOURCE: http://www.ieltscareerzone.com/academic-writing-task-1-vocabulary/
IELTS Vocabulary
1. Holidays Vocabulary
 all-in package/package holiday: a holiday where you purchase the travel and accommodation together
 breathtaking view: an extremely beautiful view
 charter-flight: a cheaper form of flying than a scheduled flight
 check-in desk: the place at the airport where you register for your flight and deposit your luggage
 departure lounge: where you wait for your flight to be called
 far-off destination: somewhere a long way away
 to get away from it all: to take a holiday to escape a busy or stressful lifestyle
 guided tour: an organised group shown around a place of interest by an expert
 holiday brochure: a glossy publication with details of holiday packages
 holiday destination: where you go for a holiday
 holiday of a lifetime: a special holiday that you are unlikely to repeat
 holiday resort: a place where lots of people go for a holiday
 hordes of tourists: crowds of tourists
 local crafts: objects produced locally
 long weekend: an extended weekend holiday including Friday or Monday
 out of season: outside of the main holiday period
 picturesque village: very pretty village
 passport control: the place where your passport is checked
 places of interest: sites of interest to tourists
 wildlife safari: a holiday, often in Africa, to observe wild animals
 self-catering: a holiday where you supply your own food
 short break: a short holiday
 to go sightseeing: to look around the tourist sites
 stunning landscape: extremely beautiful countryside
 travel agent: a shop that specialises in booking holidays
 tourist trap: somewhere where too many tourists go
 youth hostel: a cheap form of accommodation

2. Relationship Vocabulary
 to break up: to end a romantic relationship
 to drift apart: to become less close to someone
 to enjoy someone’s company: to like spending time with someone
 to fall for: to fall in love
 to fall head over heels in love: to start to love someone a lot
 to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends
 to get on like a house on fire: to like someone’s company very much indeed
 to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar interests
 to get to know: to begin to know someone
 to go back years: to have known someone for a long time
 to have a lot in common: to share similar interests
 to have ups and downs: to have good and bad times
 a healthy relationship: a good, positive relationship
 to hit it off: to quickly become good friends with
 to be in a relationship: to be romantically involved with someone
 to be just good friends: to not be romantically involved
 to keep in touch with: to keep in contact with
 to lose touch with: to not see or hear from someone any longer
 love at first sight: to fall in love immediately you meet someone
 to pop the question: to ask someone to marry you
 to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject
 to settle down: to give up the single life and start a family
 to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship
 to tie the knot: to get married
 to be well matched: to be similar to
 to work at a relationship: to try to maintain a positive relationship with someone

3. Technology Vocabulary
 to access websites/email: to locate
 to back up files: to make a copy of files in case of a computer problem
 to boot up: to start a computer
 to bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future reference
 to browse websites: to look at websites
 a computer buff: an expert computer user
 to crash: to suddenly stop working
 to cut and paste: to move text or images from one place in a document to another place
 a desktop PC: a computer that isn’t portable and remains in situ on a desk
 digital editing: to edit digital materials like audio or video files
 download (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet to your own device
 to enter a web address: to type the address of a website into the address bar of your browser
 a gadget: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera
 to go online: to start using the Internet
 high-spec (laptop): powerful computer with top quality components
 Internet security: Internet safety
 intranet: a network of connected computers within an organisation that is not accessible by
unauthorised visitors
 to navigate a website: to find your way around a website
 operating system: the software that tells the computer how to work
 send an attachment: send an email with an accompanying file
 social media: media used to interact with other people such as Facebook or Twitter
 to surf the web: to look at a series of websites one after the other
 a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology
 to upgrade: to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich computer or piece of software
 video conferencing: to see and hear people from different locations using the Internet
 wireless hotspot: a public place where you can access the Internet
 wireless network: a network where users can access the Internet without the use of fixed cables
 word processing; producing written texts on a computer

4. Sports Vocabulary
 an athletics meeting: an event where various athletics sports are held
 an athletics track: a running track
 an away game: a football match played in the opposing teams stadium
 a brisk walk: a fast walk
 to do judo: (not go or play)
 a football fan: someone who likes football
 a fitness programme: a schedule of activities to keep fit
 a football match: a game of football
 a football pitch: the surface on which you play football (as opposed to a stadium, which is the
building)
 a football season: a period in the year when football is played
 to get into shape: to become fit
 to go jogging: to run around the streets
 a home game: a football match played in the teams own stadium
 to keep fit: to stay in good physically condition
 to be out of condition: to not be physically fit
 a personal best: to achieve the best personal result so far in a sport
 a personal trainer: a sports coach that helps you on a one-to-one basis
 to play tennis/football: (not do or go)
 to run the marathon: to run a distance of 42.195 Kilometres
 a season ticket: a ticket that gives you entry to most of a team’s home games during the sporting year.
 to set a record: to achieve the best result in a sport
 a sports centre: a public building where people can do various sports
 sports facilities: the equipment and services needed to do a sport
 a squash/tennis/badminton court: the surface where you play these sports
 strenuous exercise: exercise that needs a lot of physical effort
 a strong swimmer: a good swimmer
 a swimming pool: the place where you swim
 to take up exercise: to start doing exercise
 to train hard: to train with a lot of effort

5. Food Vocabulary
 to be full up: to eat to the point that you can no longer eat any more
 to be starving hungry: an exaggerated way of saying you are very hungry
 to bolt something down: to eat something very quickly
 to be dying of hunger: an exaggerated way of saying you are hungry
 to eat a balanced diet: to eat the correct types and amounts of food
 to eat like a horse: to eat a lot
 to follow a recipe: to cook a meal using instructions
 to foot the bill: to pay the bill
 a fussy eater: somebody who has their own very high standards about what to eat
 to grab a bite to eat: to eat something quickly (when you’re in a rush)
 to have a sweet tooth: to enjoy sugary food
 home-cooked food: food cooked at home from individual ingredients
 the main meal: the most important meal of the day, usually eaten in the evening
 to make your mouth water: to make you feel very hungry for something
 to play with your food: to push food around the plate to avoid eating it
 processed food: commercially prepared food bought for convenience
 a quick snack: to eat a small amount of food between meals
 a ready meal: see ‘processed food’
 a slap up meal: a large meal
 to spoil your appetite: to eat something that will stop you feeling hungry when it’s meal-time.
 a take away: a cooked meal prepared in a restaurant and eaten at home
 to tuck into: to eat something with pleasure
 to wine and dine: to entertain someone by treating them to food and drink
 to work up an appetite: to do physical work that leads to you becoming hungry

6. Education Vocabulary
 to attend classes: to go to classes
 bachelors degree: an undergraduate course which usually lasts 3-4 years
 boarding school: a school where pupils live during term time
 distance learning: a way of studying where tuition is carried out over the Internet or by post
 face-to-face classes: as opposed to distance learning the traditional way of studying in a classroom
with colleagues and a teacher
 to fall behind with your studies: to progress less quickly than others
 to give feedback: to offer guidance on a student’s work
 a graduation ceremony: an event where a successful student receives his or her academic degree
 higher education: education, usually in a college or university, that is followed after high school or
secondary school
 an intensive course: a course that offers lots of training in order to reach a goal in as short a time as
possible
 to keep up with your studies: to not fall behind
 to learn something by heart: to memorize it
 a mature student: a student who is older than average and who has usually returned to education after
a period at work
 masters degree: a period of study which often follows the completion of a bachelors degree or is
undertaken by someone regarded as capable of a higher-level academic course
 to meet a deadline: to finish a job or task in the time allowed or agreed
 to play truant: to stay away from classes without permission
 private language school: an independent school run as a business concern
 public schools: exclusive independent schools in the UK
 a single-sex school: a school where only boys or girls attend (as opposed to a mixed-sex school)
 to sit an exam: to take an exam
 state school: a school paid for by public funds and available to the general public
 subject specialist: a teacher who has a great deal of knowledge about the subject they teach.
 to take a year out: to spend a year working or travelling before starting university
 tuition fees: the money paid for a course of study
 to work your way through university: to have a paid job whilst studying to support
yourself financially

7. Work Vocabulary
 to be called for an interview: to be invited to attend an interview
 to be your own boss: to have your own business
 a dead-end job: a job with no promotional opportunities
 to do a job-share: to share the weekly hours of work with another person
 a good team player: somebody who can work well with other people
 full-time: the number of hours that people usually work in a complete week
 a heavy workload: to have a lot of work to do
 a high-powered job: an important or powerful job
 holiday entitlement: the number of days holiday allowed
 job satisfaction: the feeling of enjoying a job
 manual work: work that requires physical activity
 maternity leave: time off work given to a woman about to have a baby
 to meet a deadline: to finish a job by an agreed time
 a nine-to-five job: a normal job that consists of an 8 hour day (approximately)
 one of the perks of the job: an extra benefit you get from a job
 part-time: working less than full-time
 to run your own business: see ‘to be your own boss’
 to be self-employed: see ‘to be your own boss’
 sick leave: time allowed off work when sick
 to be stuck behind a desk: to be unhappy in an office job
 to be/get stuck in a rut: to be in a boring job that is hard to leave
 to take early retirement: to retire early (retire: to reach an age when you are allowed to stop working
for a living)
 temporary work: work done for a limited time only
 voluntary work: to work without pay
 to be well paid: to earn a good salary
 working conditions: the hours, salary and other entitlements that comes with the job
 to work with your hands: to do manual work

8. Health Vocabulary
 ches and pains: minor pains that continue over a period of time
 to be a bit off colour: to feel a little ill
 to be at death’s door: (informal) to be very ill indeed
 to be on the mend: to be recovering after an illness
 to be over the worst: to have got through the most serious or uncomfortable stage of an illness
 to be under the weather: (informal) to not feel well
 a blocked nose: when the nose has excess fluid due to a cold
 to catch a cold: to get a cold
 a check-up: a physical examination by a doctor
 a chesty cough: a cough caused by congestion around the lungs
 cuts and bruises: minor injuries
 to feel poorly: to feel ill
 as fit as a fiddle: to be very healthy
 to go down with a cold: to become ill
 to go private: to choose to be treated by commercial healthcare rather than by services offered by the
state
 GP: General Practitioner (family doctor)
 to have a filling: to have a tooth repaired
 to have a tooth out: to have a tooth removed
 a heavy cold: a bad cold
 to make an appointment: to arrange a time to see the doctor
 to make a speedy recovery: to recover quickly from an illness
 to phone in sick: to call work to explain you won’t be attending work due to illness
 prescription charges: money the patient pays for medicine authorised by a doctor
 to pull a muscle: to strain a muscle
 a runny nose: a nose that has liquid coming out of it
 a sore throat: inflammation that causes pain when swallowing

9. Books and Films Vocabulary

 an action movie: a film with fast moving scenes, often containing violence
 to be engrossed in: to be completely focused on one thing
 bedtime reading: something to read in bed before you go to sleep
 to be a big reader: someone who reads a lot
 to be based on: to use as a modal
 a box office hit: a financially successful film
 to be heavy-going: difficult to read
 a blockbuster: a film that is a big commercial success
 to catch the latest movie: to see a film that has just come out
 the central character: the main person in a film or book
 a classic: of the highest quality
 to come highly recommended: to be praised by another person
 couldn’t put it down: wasn’t able to stop reading a book
 an e-book: a digital book
 an e-reader: a device for reading e-books
 to flick through: to look quickly through a book
 to get a good/bad review: to receive positive or negative feedback
 to go on general release: when a film can be seen by the general public
 hardback: a book with a rigid cover (see ‘paperback’ below)
 a historical novel: a story set in the past
 a low budget film: a film made with a small amount of money
 on the big screen: at the cinema
 a page turner: a book that you want to keep reading
 paperback: a book with a flexible cover (see ‘hardback’ above)
 plot: the main events in a film or book
 to read something from cover to cover: to read a book from the first page to the last
 sci-fi: science fiction
 to see a film: to see a film at the cinema (see ‘watch a film’ below)
 the setting: where the action takes place
 showings: performances of a film
 soundtrack: the music that accompanies a film
 special effects: the visuals or sounds that are added to a film which are difficult to produce naturally
 to take out (a book from the library): to borrow a book from the library
 to tell the story of: to outline the details of someone’s life or an event
 to watch a film: to watch a film on TV (see ‘to see a film’ above)

10. Accommodation Vocabulary

 (all the) mod cons: technology at home that makes jobs easier such as a washing machine, dishwasher
etc.
 apartment block: a large building made up of smaller units of apartments
 back garden: a garden at the rear of the house
 detached house: a house that is not physically connected to another property
 to do up a property: to repair an old building
 dream home: a home you regard as perfect
 first-time buyer: someone buying a property for the first time, especially when taking out a loan
(mortgage)
 fully-furnished: a rented property with all furniture included
 to get on the property ladder: to buy a property with the aim of buying another bigger or more
expensive one later in life
 hall of residence: a college or university building where students live
 home comforts: things that make a home feel comfortable to live in
 house-hunting: looking for a property to live in
 house-warming party: a party to celebrate moving into a new home
 ideal home: a perfect home
 to live on campus: to live on the university or college grounds
 mobile home: a home that can be moved by a vehicle or one that has its own engine
 to move into: to begin to live in a property
 to own your own home: to have bought the property you live in
 to pay rent in advance: weekly or monthly rent paid at the beginning of the week or month
 permanent address: a fixed address
 property market: the buying and selling of land or buildings
 to put down a deposit: to pay an amount of money as the first in a series of future payments
 rented accommodation: property owned by someone else and for which a person pays a fixed amount
to live in
 single room: a room for one person
 spacious room: a large room
 student digs: student accommodation
 the suburbs: a residential area on the edge of towns or cities
 to take out a mortgage: to borrow a large amount of money, paid back over several years, in order to
buy a house
 terraced house: a house connected on both sides by other properties

11. Clothes and Fashion Vocabulary

 to be on trend: to be very fashionable
 casual clothes: not formal
 classic style: a simple, traditional style that is always fashionable
 designer label: a well-known company that makes (often expensive) clothing
 dressed to kill: wearing clothes that attract admirers
 to dress for the occasion: to wear clothes suitable for a particular event
 fashionable: in fashion
 fashion house: a company that sells (usually expensive) new styles in clothes
 fashion icon: a person who is famous for their sense of fashion
 fashion show: an event where modals show off the latest in fashion designs
 to get dressed up: to put on nice clothes, often to go out somewhere special
 to go out of fashion: to not be in fashion any more
 hand-me-downs: clothes that are passed down from older brothers or sisters to their younger siblings
 to have an eye for (fashion): to be a good judge of
 to have a sense of style: the ability to wear clothes that look stylish
 the height of fashion: very fashionable
 to keep up with the latest fashion: to wear the latest fashions
 to look good in: to wear something that suits you
 to mix and match: to wear different styles or items of clothing that aren’t part of a set outfit
 must-have: something that is highly fashionable and therefore in demand
 off the peg: clothing that is ready made
 old fashioned: not in fashion any more
 on the catwalk: the stage that modals walk along to show off the latest fashions
 a slave to fashion: someone who always feel the need to wear the latest fashions
 smart clothes: the kind of clothes worn for a formal event
 to suit someone: to look good on someone
 to take pride in one’s appearance: to pay attention to how one looks
 timeless: something that doesn’t go out of fashion
 vintage clothes: clothes from an earlier period
 well-dressed: to be dressed attractively

12. Personality Vocabulary

 to be the life and soul of the party: a fun person, someone who is the centre of activity
 to bend over backwards: to try very hard to help someone
 broad-minded: prepared to accept other views or behaviours
 easy-going: relaxed and not easily worried about anything
 extrovert: an energetic person who likes the company of others
 fair-minded: to treat people equally
 fun-loving: to enjoy having fun
 to hide one’s light under a bushel: to hide one’s talents and skills
 good company: enjoyable to socialise with
 good sense of humour: the ability to understand what is funny
 introvert: someone who is shy
 laid-back: see ‘easy-going’
 to lose one’s temper: to suddenly become angry
 narrow minded: opposite of ‘broad-minded’ (see above)
 painfully shy: very shy
 to put others first: to think of others before yourself
 quick-tempered: to become angry quickly
 reserved: shy
 self-assured: confident
 self-centred: thinks only of oneself
 self-confident: believes in one’s own ability or knowledge
 self-effacing: to not try to get the attention of others (especially in terms of hiding one’s skills or
abilities)
 to take after: to be like (often another member of the family)
 thick-skinned: not easily affected by criticism
 trustworthy: can be trusted
 two-faced: not honest or sincere. Will say one thing to someone to their face and another when they
are not present.

13. Business Vocabulary

 to balance the books: to not spend more money than you are earning
 to be self-employed: to work for yourself/to not work for an employer
 to cold call: to make a sales call to someone without asking them for permission first
 cut throat competition: when one company lowers its prices, forcing other companies to do the same,
sometimes to a point where business becomes unprofitable
 to do market research: to do research into what potential customers would or wouldn’t buy
 to draw up a business plan: to write a plan for a new business
 to drum up business: to try to get customers
 to earn a living: to earn money
 to go bust: when a business is forced to close because it is unsuccessful
 cash flow: the money coming in and going out of a business
 to go into business with: to join another person to start or expand a business
 to go it alone: to start your own business
 to go under: (see ‘to go bust’)
 to have a web presence: to have a website or social media profile that showcases your business
 to launch a product: to start selling and promoting a new product
 to lay someone off: when a company ends an employee’s contract of employment
 lifestyle business: a business that is set up to bring in a sufficient income and no more
 to make a profit: to earn more money than it costs to run the business
 niche business: a business that serves a small, particular market
 to raise a company profile: to make more people aware of a business
 to run your own business: to have a business of your own
 sales figures: a report of the income a company generates through sales of products or services
 to set up a business: to start a business
 stiff competition: strong competition from other companies in the same area of work
 to take on employees: to employ people
 to take out a loan: to borrow money
 to win a contract: when a business gets legally-binding work with an individual or company
 to work for yourself: (see ‘to be self-employed’)

14. Physical Appearance Vocabulary

 to bear a striking resemblance: to look very similar to
 cropped hair: very short hair
 disheveled hair: untidy hair
 to dress up to the nines: to dress very smartly or glamorously
 fair hair: light-coloured hair
 to be fair-skinned: light skinned
 to get done up: to dress smartly
 to be getting on a bit: to be getting old
 to go grey: to have hair that is turning grey
 to be good looking: to be attractive
 to grow old gracefully: to act in a way that embraces the fact you are getting older
 to be hard of hearing: to find it difficult to hear
 in his/her 30s/40s: to be 20/30 something
 scruffy: dressed untidily
 to look young for your age: to look younger than you are
 to lose one’s figure: to have a figure that has lost its toned shape
 complexion: natural skin colour and texture
 make up: cosmetics
 medium height: average height
 middle-aged: approximately between 45-65
 to never have a hair out of place: perfectly styled hair
 to be overweight: to weigh more than is regarded as healthy
 pointed face: the opposite of a round face
 shoulder-length hair: hair that comes down to the shoulders and no further
 slender figure: a figue that is tall and slim
 slim figure: attractively thin
 thick hair: a lot of hair
 to wear glasses: to use spectacles
 to be well-built: to be muscular
 to be well-turned out: to look smart
 youthful appearance: to look young

15. Town and City Vocabulary

 boarded up shops: shops that are no longer doing business
 chain stores: well-known brands with shops in multiple cities
 to close down: to stop doing business
 fashionable boutiques: fashionable clothes shops
 to get around: to travel around
 high-rise flats: multi-story apartments
 inner-city: the central part of a city where people live and where conditions are often poor
 in the suburbs: the outer area of large towns and cities where people live
 lively bars/restaurants: bars or restaurants with a good atmosphere
 local facilities: local buildings or services serving the public
 multi-story car parks: car parks on several floors
 office block: a large building that contains offices
 out of town shopping centre/retail park: large shopping centres outside of the town or city
 pavement cafe: cafes with tables outside on the pavement
 places of interest: buildings that have a particular interest for visitors
 poor housing: housing that is not in good condition
 public spaces: areas in a town or city that are open to the public
 public transport system: public vehicles such as buses and trains that operate at regular times on fixed
routes
 residential area: an area where people live
 run down: old and of a poor standard
 shopping centre: an area consisting of multiple shops
 shopping malls: large indoor shopping centres
 sprawling city: a city that has grown over time and which covers a wide area
 tourist attraction: a place of interest to tourists
 traffic congestion: heavy traffic making it difficult to move around a town or city
 upmarket shops: expensive fashionable shops

16. Music Vocabulary

 adoring fans: people who love a particular band or singer
 background music: music that is played while something else is happening
 a catchy tune: a song that is easy to remember and makes you want to sing it
 classical music: music that is regarded as part of a long, formal tradition

 to download tracks: to obtain music from the Internet

 to have a great voice: to sing well
 to go on tour: to go on a planned series of performances around a region or country
 a huge following: a large number of fans
 live music: music that is listened to while it is performed (not recorded)
 live performance: (see live music)
 a massive hit: a record that sells lots of copies
 a music festival: music performances at a venue often over several days
 musical talent: skilled at music
 to be/sing out of tune: to not be in harmony/to sing the wrong notes
 a piece of music: an item of music
 to play by ear: to play without reading the musical notes
 a pop group: a small group of people who play or sing pop music together
 to read music: to understand and follow written musical notes
 a rock band: a group of musicians that play rock music
 to sing along to: to join in singing
 a sing-song: to sing informally, often with other people
 a slow number: a song with a slow tempo
 to take up a musical instrument: to begin learning a musical instrument
 taste in music: the music someone likes
 to be tone deaf: to be unable to distinguish the different notes in music

17. Weather Vocabulary

 to be below freezing: below zero degrees Celsius
 bitterly cold: very cold and unpleasant
 a blanket of snow: a complete covering of snow
 boiling hot: very hot (informal)

 changeable: weather that often changes

 a change in the weather: when weather conditions change
 clear blue skies: a sky without clouds
 to clear up: when clouds or rain disappear
 to come out (the sun): when the sun appears out of a cloudy sky
 a cold spell: a short period of cold weather
 to dress up warm: to wear warm clothes to protect yourself against wintry conditions
 a drop of rain: a little bit of rain
 a flash flood: a sudden and severe flood
 freezing cold: very cold (informal)
 to get caught in the rain: to be outside when it rains unexpectedly
 to get drenched: to get very wet
 heatstroke: a serious condition caused by being too long in hot weather
 a heatwave: a period of very hot weather
 heavy rain: intense rainfall
 long-range forecast: the weather forecast for several days or weeks ahead
 mild climate: a climate without extreme weather conditions
 mild winter: a winter that isn’t particularly cold
 not a cloud in the sky: see ‘clear blue skies’ above
 to pour down: to rain heavily
 to be rained off: to be cancelled or postponed due to poor weather
 sunny spells: short periods of sunny weather
 thick fog: a dense fog that makes visibility very poor
 torrential rain: see ‘heavy rain’ above
 tropical storm: a storm typical of ones that you find in tropical climates
 weather forecast: a TV/radio programme or section in a newspaper/magazine which predicts weather
conditions

18. Shopping Vocabulary

 advertising campaign: a series of advertisements to persuade people to buy something
 big brand names: large well-known companies or product names
 to be careful with money: to not over-spend
 carrier bag: bags (usually plastic) supplied by shops

 customer service: the degree to which customers are treated well

 to get into debt: to owe money
 to give someone the hard sell: to put pressure on someone to buy something
 high street names: well-known shops
 independent stores: small shops independent of large companies
 local shops: community shops
 loyalty card: a card issued by a shop to allow customers to save money on the basis of what they
spend
 must-have product: a product that is very popular that a lot of people want to have
 to be on a tight budget: to have a limited amount of money to spend
 to be on commission: to pay someone in relation to the amount they sell
 a pay in cash: to pay for something using coins or paper money
 to pay the full price: to pay the full amount for something
 to pick up a bargain: to buy something much cheaper than the normal price
 to run up a credit card bill: to owe money on a credit card
 to shop around: to try different shops to find the best deal
 shop assistant: the person who serves customers
 to shop until you drop: to do a lot of shopping
 to slash prices: to reduce prices a great deal
 to snap up a bargain: to buy something quickly that is being sold cheaply
 summer sales: a period in the year when things are sold cheaply
 to try something on: to see if an item of clothing fits or is suitable
 to be value for money: to be worth the cost
 window shopping: to visit a store to look at items without the intention of buying anything

19. Environment Vocabulary

 air quality: the cleanliness of the air we breathe
 to become extinct: to no longer exist
 to be under threat: to be in danger of becoming extinct
 climate change: the change in worldwide weather patterns
 to die out: see ‘to become extinct’

 endangered species: categories of animals or plants that are in danger of becoming extinct
 energy conservation: the careful management of energy resources to ensure they last as long as
possible
 environmentally friendly: behaviour and products that do not harm the environment
 exhaust fumes: the toxic gases given off by vehicles powered by petrol
 flash floods: floods that happen quickly
 fossil fuels: energy resources like gas and oil that are produced deep below the ground over millions
of years
 future generations: the people who live after us
 to get back to nature: to live a life that is closer to nature
 global warming: the increasing temperature of the world brought about by gases such as carbon
dioxide
 heavy industry: the manufacture of heavy articles and materials in large numbers
 humanitarian aid: the act of showing support to people struggling to survive
 impact on: the effect on
 loss of habitat: the decline in areas of land where animals and plants would normally exist
 man-made disaster: widespread damage or loss of life brought about by the action of humans
 natural disaster: an event such as an earthquake, flood or hurricane which causes widespread damage
or loss of life
 natural environment: the place where animals and plants would normally be found in nature
 the natural world: the world of nature
 oil spill: waste usually deposited in the seas and oceans after an accident at sea
 poaching: to hunt and kill wild animals illegally
 pollution levels: the amount of toxic waste
 pressure group: a group of people who try to raise awareness of issues and try to affect the views and
actions of people and organisations
 toxic waste: poisonous, unwanted rubbish often produced by industrial processes
 wildlife conservation: to protect animals and plants and their habitats

20. Advertising Vocabulary

 advertising agency: a company that creates adverts for other companies
 advertising budget: the amount of money a company decides to spend on advertising
 brand awareness: how well people know a particular brand
 brand loyalty: the degree to which people continue to buy from the same brand or company
 buy and sell: often used to refer to the buying and selling of items between individuals

 call to action: something that encourages someone to take a particular action, such as making a
purchase or clicking a link on a website
 celebrity endorsement: to have a well-known person promote a product
 classified ads: small advertisements often put in a newspaper or magazine by individuals
 to cold call: to call someone with the aim of selling something without them asking you to do so
 commercial break: the short period during TV programmes when advertisements are shown
 commercial channel: TV channels that make money from showing advertisements
 to go viral: to quickly become extremely popular on the Internet through social media
 junk mail: unwanted promotional leaflets and letters
 to launch a product: to introduce a new product
 mailing list: a list of names and contact details used by a company to send information and
advertisements
 mass media: large media outlets like TV, newspapers and magazines
 niche product: a product that is aimed at a distinct group of people
 to place an advert: to put an advert somewhere
 press release: something written by a company for newspapers and magazines and websites to share
and publish
 prime time: the time during the viewing schedule when most people watch TV or listen to a broadcast
 product placement: to advertise a product by using it as a prop in a TV show or film
 sales page: a page specifically used to promote a product or service
 to show adverts: to display adverts on TV
 social media: websites that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social
networking.
 spam email: unwanted, promotional email
 target audience: the people a company want to sell their product or service to
 word of mouth: recommendations made by individuals to other individuals about a product of service
SOURCE: http://www.ieltscareerzone.com/ielts-vocabulary/