LIFELINES INTERMEDIATE STUDENT’S BOOK

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8 Time out
Grammar
Question forms; indirect questions
Grammar in use 1 Rules
1 Read this information and discuss 1 Here is a basic rule for making questions in English.
these questions.
1 Do you have similar events in In English we can make a statement into a question by
your own country? inverting the subject and
2 Why do you think quiz nights are ● the verb to be. ● an auxiliary verb. ● a modal verb.
held?
a Find examples for the rule in the quiz questions.
In Britain many pubs and clubs hold b How do we form questions when the positive form of the verb
quiz nights. People normally play in doesn’t have any of the above? Find examples in the quiz
teams of 3–5. You pay a small fee to questions. Which two tenses do this?
enter the quiz and there is usually a
prize for the winning team. Questions 2 Look at quiz question 2.
are divided up into topics – sport, a Does this question follow your rules in 1? What is the subject of
music, history, general knowledge the question?
and so on. The questions may be b Complete the rule.
read out or printed on a sheet of
paper which is given to each team. When the question word (or expression) is the ___________ ,
Quiz nights are very popular. we use the positive form of the verb to make a question.

2 Here are some quiz questions. c Find another example to illustrate this rule in the quiz questions.
What is the topic? 3 Look at quiz question 6.
a In groups, answer the questions. a Where is the preposition in the question?
b 8.1 Listen and check. b Complete this question with the preposition to.
Where was Columbus trying to get?
➤ Check the rules for question forms in Grammar Reference 8.1.

1 Where is Mount Fujiyama?

2 Who wrote Sense and
Sensibility ?
3 Which country won the
football World Cup in 1994?
4 What language did Jesus
speak?
5 How many strings has a
mandolin got?
6 Where does Arnold
Schwarzenegger come from?
?
7 How fast can a cheetah run

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 Time out 8

Practice Rules
1 Some of these questions are incorrect. Find 1 Look at the indirect questions in Grammar in
and correct them. use 2. Indirect questions are statements or
1 Who did build the Eiffel Tower? questions which contain another question.
2 How died Martin Luther King? a What word order is used in the indirect question?
3 Which war ended in 1945? ● statement word order ● question word order
4 Which animal does live the longest?
b Look at the indirect question about Italy. What
5 What for do you use an abacus?
word has been added? Why? What form of question
6 Which country comes from paella?
is this?
7 Who invented the camera?
8 Where the 1996 Olympics were? c Look at the last three questions in the quiz in
9 Where to did Marco Polo travel? Grammar in use 1. Make statements about the
questions with these expressions.
2 Here are some quiz answers.
1 radio 5 Antarctica 9 1914 I (don’t) know I can/can’t remember I’ve no idea
2 65 million years ago 6 5 10 8
3 John Wilkes Booth 7 1992 11 India ➤ Check the rules for indirect questions in Grammar
4 Paul McCartney 8 tennis 12 2062 Reference 8.2.
a Match these items to the answers. Practice
Abraham Lincoln the Taj Mahal basketball 1 Look at your corrected questions for Practice 1
Marconi penguins Andre Agassi dinosaurs above. Say whether you know the answers.
a spider the First World War Halley’s comet
EXAMPLES
Yesterday the Barcelona Olympics
I know who built the Eiffel Tower.
I’ve no idea how Martin Luther King died.
b Write the questions, using the information.
2 Look at the people’s questions. Make indirect
EXAMPLE
questions, using these expressions.
1 What did Marconi invent?
3 In groups, make your own quiz. Write five doesn’t know wants to know can’t remember
general knowledge questions. Give your EXAMPLE
questions to another group to answer. Simon wants to know what day it is.
Simon What day is it?
Grammar in use 2 Claire Is it raining?
1 A team is discussing the quiz questions. John Can Sally play tennis?
Mrs Pines Where does Mr Jackson work?
a Look at these parts of their discussion. Choose the
Ann What’s the time?
correct form.
Peter How long have the Clarks lived here?
Mr Walters What time will we arrive?
is Mount Fujiyama?
Do you know where Mount Fujiyama is? Betty Has the hotel got a gym?

3 How well do you know your partner?

did write a Write down whether you know or don’t know

I don’t know who it. these things about him/her. Add some more.
wrote
EXAMPLE
I know how old he/she is.
it was I’ve no idea whether he/she likes classical music.
I can’t remember whether was it Italy. 1 How old is he/she?
2 Does he/she like classical music?
3 When is his/her birthday?
4 What job does he/she do (or want to do)?
I’ve no idea what language did he speak. 5 Has he/she ever been abroad?
he spoke.
6 What is his/her favourite food?
7 Does he/she play any sports?
8 Has he/she got any brothers or sisters?
b 8.2 Listen to the discussion and check your 9 Does he/she believe in ghosts?
choices. 10 Has he/she got a pet?
2 Has the team got the right answers? b Work with your partner and check your ideas.

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8 Time out

Vocabulary Reading
Compound nouns; sport Fit for life or fit to drop?
1 Compound nouns are very common in English. 1 Look at the title of the article and the
a Look at these examples. pictures.
football boots a car seat a sports shop a What is this section about?
b Choose the correct compound noun. b What are the people doing in the pictures?
1 3 2 Each paragraph is about a different place.
a Match these places to the correct paragraph.

2 Russia Australia Hong Kong

Spain the United States

b What clues are there in the texts that indicate the

1 a shelfbook/ a bookshelf places?
2 a cricket bat/ a bat cricket c Which one seems closest to attitudes to fitness in
3 an oven microwave/ a microwave oven your country?
c What are these called? Write the compound nouns.
● a shop that sells souvenirs 3 Read the article again.
● a shop that sells software for computers a What reasons are given for taking exercise? What
● someone who owns a restaurant other reasons can you think of?
● a machine that sends and receives faxes b Which place do you think has the healthiest attitude
● an animal that you find on farms to exercise and which has the least healthy attitude?
● someone who teaches science
d Answer the questions.
1 Would you eat a packet of crisps or a crisp packet? Vocabulary file: Fitness
2 What’s the difference between a bottle of milk and
a milk bottle?
a What do you think these expressions mean?
Most of them are illustrated in the pictures.
3 Would you drink a teacup or a cup of tea?
● to pump iron
➤ Check the rules for forming compound nouns in
● a couch potato
Grammar Reference 8.3.
● a beer belly
2 Look at these nouns to do with sports. ● an exercise bike
a Make as many compound nouns as possible. ● an aerobics video
The nouns can be used more than once. ● the lycra and leotard brigade
● a gym(nasium)
tennis golf football race racing ski ● to work out
● a jogger
● to get off your backside
boots ball club circuit racquet poles kit
horse slope car course court track pitch b Find other terms in the text associated with
fitness. Can you think of any more?
b Complete the table.

place equipment
4 What part does exercise play in your life?
a Discuss these questions.
1 Do you take regular exercise?
2 If you exercise, what do you do and how often?
3 Do you think exercise is important or
unimportant?
4 Do you think you are typical of people in your
country?
b Write a short text summarizing your attitude to
exercise and the part it plays in your life.

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 Time out 8

Fit for life or fit to drop? S

A recent report showed that 60% of
adults here are overweight, at least
40% are completely sedentary, T he slim, blonde TV presenter look
terrifyingly fit. Her new lifestyle
s So
and of
only 20% do enough exer programme about exercise and diet
cise. is
‘Everyone knows why we have popular all over the country and wa
the her
problem,’ says a former basketball classes at a gym in the capital city It w
star. are

1
‘We’re a nation of couch potatoes always full. But if you’re wonderin at t
. We g
sit around and watch television whether this is part of a new attitu the

4
too de to
much.’ And yet while the people health, it isn’t. ‘People here don’
get t
fatter, they are surrounded by imag exercise to improve their health,’ The
es of says
the perfect body. The guilt is enormou our blonde TV presenter. ‘It’s all abou
s, t tim
and as a result there is a billion dolla looking good.’ So while the wom
r en girl
market in diet books, aerobics vide sweat in the aerobics class to keep
os, their stoo
and all kinds of exercise machines. figures trim, the men pump iron to
Alas, build walk
buying the exercise bike doesn’t up their muscles and look more mac
keep ho.
you fit. You actually have to use it. Nobody would dream of jogg swim
The ing
simple fact is that Mr and Mrs Aver through the streets. Few people carp
age can
need to eat less and get off afford the new healthy lifestyle at rath
their the
backsides more often. moment. The traditional fatty mee
diet
I t’s 3 a.m. in the City Gym, and men
and women are bending, stretchin
running, and lifting weights. The
g,
doesn’t help and membership at a
can cost up to $2,000 a year.
gym mos
are,
City
Gym has 5,000 members and it neve Anyw
r
closes. You might think from this Tony
that
this is a nation of slim and supe the

3
r-fit
people. Certainly the country has assist
a
reputation for sport and healthy outd was h
oor
living. But the truth is rather diffe
rent, those
according to one health expe
rt. came
‘Gymnasiums are full of the lycra
and and
leotard brigade – mostly single youn
g There
people,’ he says. ‘In fact, about one
in call
three men is a sedentary slob with
a
beer belly.’ But people certainly know Well,
what they should do for a heal my m
thy
lifestyle. The government spends abou law sa
t
$240 million a year on education interr
in
health and fitness. That’s $14 for ever for ph
y
man, woman, and child.
T hey come here in huge numbers
Every weekend they put on their
. She a

tracksuits, leave the stress of the capit

city behind and drive out into the
hills.
al W hen an international survey
decided that this was the most
stressful place in the world, people
Here they can find fresh air, beau here
tiful weren’t worried – they were proud
scenery, forests, rivers, and, of it.
most In most places when people meet
important of all, thousands of restauran they

5
ts. ask how you are. Here they ask whe
Don’t be fooled by the tracksuit. ther
It’s

2
you are busy or if you are trave
frequently worn with high-heeled shoe lling
s much. Life here is fast. People
and jewellery. ‘I can tell you what work
the hard and they have the same attitu
favourite sport of our people is,’ says de
a towards exercise. And with mod
local restaurant owner. ‘It’s sitting ern
at a technology you don’t have to choo
table to eat.’ This does not mean se
that between keeping fit and sitting at
they take no exercise. This country your
has desk. You can keep in touch with
produced some famous internatio your
nal clients by mobile phone while you’
athletes and you can regularly re
see jogging in the park or working out
joggers in the streets of the cities in
. But one of the many gyms.
people have a very relaxed attitude
to
exercise. Even the really fit don’t take
it
so seriously. It’s just part of enjoying
life.

Enjoy Fitness

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 8 Time out

Listening and speaking

Making polite requests
a
1 Look at these responses.
a Where do you think they take place?

■ At seven in the dining room, but you can get it

earlier in your room, if you wish.
■ Certainly, which room is it, please?
■ If you give me the keys, I’ll get one of the
porters to see to it for you.
■ You need to dial 9 for an outside line, then 00
and the code for the country you want.
b
■ Let me see. Ah yes, there’s a fax and a phone
message.
■ Yes, it’s on the second floor. Turn left when you
come out of the lift.
■ Certainly. What would you like? c
■ Oh, I’m very sorry about that. I’ll get some sent
up straight away.
■ No, they’re provided at the poolside.
b Look at the photographs. What do you think the
requests could be?
2 8.3 Listen to the requests and choose the
d
appropriate response for each one. Put the
numbers of the requests in the boxes.

3 8.4 Now listen to the complete dialogues.

a Check your answers.
b Match the dialogues to the correct photographs.
e

9i

7
g
h

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Conversation pieces:
Pronunciation
Polite requests for information /S/, /Í/, /Ù/; polite intonation
a Look at tapescript 8.4.
b Which expressions are used to introduce the 1 The sounds /S/, /Í/, /Ù /
requests? a Write the words in the correct column.
c There are two types of request.
/S/ /Í/ /Ù/
● a request for information
● asking someone to do something cushion cheaper journey
Which type of request do we use indirect
questions for?
d Change these questions into polite requests for
information.
1 What time is it?
2 Where do you live?
3 When does the train arrive?
4 Am I on the right road for Longton?
5 How do we get to the park from here?
6 Will the flight from Paris be on time?
7 Do you have a gymnasium here?
package passenger insurance admission
e How would you make these requests in your own efficient attraction Japan coach feature
language? Would you use an indirect form? condition jewellery much lecture station
Why/Why not? culture check-in stranger national luggage
f Work with a partner. Practise the dialogues, using hijack section special beach speech
tapescript 8.4.
➤ See Pronunciation for polite intonation practice.
b 8.6 Listen, check, and repeat.
c Look at your completed table. Can you identify any
spelling patterns for each sound?

2 Polite intonation
4 8.5 Listen to the conversations. What do Requests can sound polite or impolite depending on
the people want to know? how you say them.
5 Work with a partner. Make conversations for a 8.7 Listen to this request said in two different
these situations. Use expressions from ways, and answer the questions.
Conversation pieces.
Could you tell me where the restaurant is?
1 You’re in the street. Where can you buy a
newspaper? 1 Which one sounds more polite?
2 You’re in a hotel. You want to book a wake-up 2 Which one has the rising intonation?
call for 6.15.
3 You phone the station. When is the first train to b 8.8 Listen and tick (✓) the requests that
London? sound polite.
4 You’re in a hotel. Has the hotel got a sauna? 1 ■ Could you tell me how much these socks
5 You’re in the street. How do you get to the are, please?
station? 2 ■ Could you tell me whether they’re ready yet?
6 You’re in a hotel room. The TV isn’t working. 3 ■ Do you think you could turn the light off,
7 You’re in a restaurant. Where are the toilets? please?
8 You’re reading a menu. What is the soup of the
4 ■ Would you mind closing the door, please?
day?
5 ■ Could you tell me where the newspaper is?
6 ■ Do you think I could have a drink, please?
7 ■ Could I have the bill, please?
8 ■ Would you mind waiting a minute, please?
c Practise saying the requests politely.

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8 Time out

Extension: Reading and listening

Ironman
1 Look at the title and photographs. 4 Work with a partner.
a Discuss these questions. a Write down six things that you would like to know
1 What are the people doing? about the race.
2 Who or what is Ironman? EXAMPLES
b Look at the article and check your ideas. I would like to know why people do it.
I wonder what sort of diet they eat.
2 Read the article and answer these questions.
1 What is the full name of the event? b 8.9 Listen to an Ironman competitor on a TV
2 What kind of event is it? phone-in programme. Are your questions answered?
3 What does it consist of? 5 Discuss these questions.
4 Where does it take place? Why?
5 When did it first start?
a What do you think of the Ironman race and the
people who compete in it?
3 Look at these ways of describing the event and b Would you like to do it? Why/Why not?
competitors.
● psychologically demanding ● gruelling
● growing in popularity ● dedicated
Language focus:
a What evidence is given in the text to support these
descriptions? Adjectival expressions with numbers
b Think of some other sports. How would you a Arrange these words into expressions from the
describe them and the people who do them? article.
● 180/ road/ race/ a/ kilometre
● Honolulu/ 42/ the/ marathon/ kilometre
● training/ programme/ hour/ a/ twelve
Vocabulary file: Synonyms
b Check your ideas in the article.
Find words or expressions in the text that mean
c What do you notice about kilometre and hour?
the same as:
● big waves d What would you call these?
● one after the other 1 a race of a hundred metres
● very hard 2 a bicycle that costs two thousand dollars
● people who compete in a race 3 an event that lasts two weeks
● becoming more popular 4 a competitor who is fifty years old
● was the idea of 5 a flight that lasts four and a half hours
● was discussing 6 a journey of two thousand miles
● incredible 7 a river that is three miles wide
● started slowly 8 training shoes that cost two hundred pounds
● races to decide who goes into the final 9 a marathon that lasts three days
● anyone can take part 10 a prize of a million dollars

‘The trouble is I can never get fit ‘I’m not saying you are out of condition, but the
enough to use the equipment.’ machine appears to be laughing!’

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 Time out 8

INTERNATIONAL SPORT

Ironman S
Find out what you need
to push your body to the
Ho
limits of endurance. It’s
all in the name of a new
sport that’s taking the
world by storm.

be dedicated. Apart from the race

The first Ironman competition
magine what it is like to swim itself, imagine what the training
was thought up by an American,

I four kilometres through the

pounding surf and surging
currents of the Pacific Ocean. Do
John Collins, back in 1977.
Under the umbrellas of a
Hawaiian beach bar, a group of
does to your lifestyle. Competing
at this level requires a special
diet and a 12-hour training
you think you’d feel tired? How programme every day. And yet
friends was debating which of
about a 180-kilometre road race every year thousands of people
the local sporting events was the
on a bicycle in the tropical heat of dream of becoming Ironman.
toughest – the four-kilometre
Hawaii? Tired again? Then what Waikiki rough-water swim, the
about running a marathon in the 180-kilometre round-Oahu bike
same conditions? What? Still race, or the 42-kilometre
tired? Now try to imagine what it Honolulu marathon. As often
feels like to do the swim, the bike happens, they couldn’t agree, and
race, and the marathon ‘back to so to settle the argument Collins
back’, with no breaks in between, suggested the unbelievable: why
against the toughest, fittest, and not try to do them all, one after
most dedicated athletes in the the other, on the same day?
world.
And so the Hawaiian Ironman
Well, if you’re wondering triathlon, as the new event was
whether such a gruelling race known, was born. It got off to a
exists, let me tell you, it does. In slow start with only 12 entrants
an event that lasts at least nine in the first year. Now, however,
hours, each of 1,500 competitors the contest is so popular that
strives to achieve one of the most selection heats are held at events
physically, emotionally, and around the world in order to limit
psychologically demanding titles the number of participants in the
in the whole of sport: Ironman. final to 1,500.
Ironman is a version of the new
The event is open to anyone –
sport of triathlon – a combination
male or female, old or young, but
of swimming, cycling, and
you have to be superbly fit and,
running – that is rapidly growing
more importantly, you have to
in popularity.

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