Action Research.........
Action Research.........
Action Research.........
THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION
young age, children learn to develop and use their mental, moral and physical powers,
which they acquire through various types of education. The process of education does
not only start when a child first attend school. Education begins at home when the
parent started to give knowledge to the child. This will be followed up by the education
extremely vital and necessary if a person wants to achieve success in life. Thus,
education is the key that allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs, and
In education, it involves study habits and this is the ways that you study; the
habits that you have formed during your school years. Study habits can be good ones,
or bad ones. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading
your textbook, listening in class, and working every day. Bad study habits include
skipping class, not doing your work, watching TV or playing video games instead of
In fact, many of the Filipino school have also encountered this kind of problem
like the Christ the King College and Gingoog City High School, in a study of Mercado
(1999), the third year and fourth year students in that particular year of the study
revealed that the students did not have a fixed study time and had poor and improper
study habits. As well as the Regional Science High School (RSHS), Gusa, Cagayan de
Oro City in school year 2009-2010 experienced also the same problem because
according to the study of Victoria Tan (2010), “the RSHS has the summary of the
students that majority got 82 below in their minor subjects and 83-85 in their major
subjects. Highlighting text and memorizing are the most effective devices used for
reviewing. These devices are the effective instruments in studying lessons. Students
only study their lessons 1 hour a day. Almost half of the respondents nap after studying
their lessons. Therefore, that chatting, texting, on-line gaming, watching movies and
outing affect the study habits of probies in Regional Science High School”. This study
shows the problem regarding study habits of the mentioned school and it’s not only the
problem of the high school but also to the elementary school in Sitio Baluarte, Lumbia,
Cagayan de Oro City. However, those are the problems of the mentioned school
considering their school location. When compared to the schools located at the rural
areas like the Baluarte Elementary School, they were in a place that social networking
and other technologies were not easily available or accessible. Thus, the factors
affecting the study habits between the school located at the rural and urban areas differ.
The topic was chosen based on the concern raised by the school regarding the poor
study habit of the students in Baluarte Elementary School. The researchers had chosen
the grade V and grade VI students as the respondents for the reason that they are
ahead, mature, and responsible students among the six grade level. The grade V and
grade VI students already managed their study habits so in this case, if ever they need
an improvement they can probably develop it through the findings of this research
study. Upon the raised problem of the school, the researchers pursued this concern to
let the school know about what are the factors that really affect the students’ poor study
habit when grouped according to their time management, learning techniques, and
study skills.
students every now and then for the reason that the students were not eager to study
even at home or at their school. Even the teachers had already observed the
decreasing number of scores that their students got every quizzes and the increasing
number of absentee. According to the Principal, Mr. Legaspi, he stated that “these
problems are commonly happened every now and then; the teachers have observed
that it was the problem of student’s study habits that resulted to their decreasing
number of scores especially on their major subjects”. That was the problem that the
school now was facing. In sum, this study also helps us to analyze some
Therefore, it has always been the presumption of many educators that students will
eventually develop good study habit as they grow and become more experienced in
school. But this is only partly true. It has been observed that not all students develop
effective study habits and learning strategies unless there is someone who will help
them.
CHAPTER II
This chapter presented the aims at providing a strong foundation to this study
and literature or references gathered by the researchers that were anchored on. It
covers a review of existing relevant literatures which was explained according to its
concern. Such are presented as to connect the varied findings and theories in relation to
Conceptual Literature
Study habit is the daily routine of students with regards to their academic duties
and responsibilities. Each student has his own study habits varying on his preferences
with the place and time of studying, techniques in studying and more. It will depend
upon the person if he will not get bored to browse notes and can procrastinate
exposure, gaming addiction and more. Studying not only prepares a student to excel in
a class but reinforces the lessons already taught. Studying reawakens the lectures and
student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a
primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that
they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicates lesser learning. However,
the one who facilitated the learning process should be the teacher and the teacher will
also help in understanding better the diversity of learning of their students. As such, it is
hoped that they could develop more effective methodologies in teaching their subject
Elementary school is such an exciting and wonderful time for students and their
parents. This is the first real step to their education and their independence, but the
problem that the parents faced along these levels of learning were the ways on how
they’re going to let their children develop a study habit which can help their children in
learning as well. The parents let their children follow the rules in the house and let them
have their study habits in studying their lessons even a few hours, but the students must
their attitude, motivation performance for success, and study habit or skills that people
employ to pursue the desire outcome. Moreover, there were some factors like the
approach to students that can affect the learning and as well as their study habits. It has
a big factor of a student’s learning the involvement of their parents in their learning
process. Whenever the parents get involved in the study-life of their children, there was
a great factor that urges the child to learn and be interested in schooling. In this way the
child will feel supported in any way as much as he can do for his studying. If the parents
will always be there to urge their children in their study habit, then the child will respond
to it positively. Thus, having the parents’ child always on their side will have the
tendency for a child to always lean onto their parents every time and not standing
anymore on their own. So, the advantages and the disadvantages of this factor
revealed.
Furthermore, the socio-economic status can also affect the study habit of the
learner. In fact, this factor places a big challenge to the learners because this shows
their social stratification whether they belong to the upper, middle, or lower class. It can
affect to their study habits for some time they can’t continue their studying because take
this example, if they don’t have an electricity in their place, they can’t study their lessons
especially during night time, so it really hinders to their learning. Another thing is
financial, when this aspect will be opened, everyone felt down. They will come to think
to a point that because of this financial problem they can’t continue to buy the
necessary things needed for school and so there were no reason for them to study
since they don’t have the materials to be used. In this case, the level of their interest in
learning decreases.
primary mover of the educational wheel while the learners are the key participants in the
learning process. The teacher is the role model, the manager, the counsellor, leader,
parent surrogate, facilitator, instructor, and a lot more. The students will learn best also
depends on the kind of teacher do they have. The teacher has the greatest factor in the
learning process and so his attitudes or personality in approaching the students affect
on them as well.
In addition, Bakare (1975) opines that intelligence accounts for little variance in
academic performance. Therefore, more emphasis had shifted from intellectual factors
to non – intellectual factors such as some personality variables like self concept and
study habit.
Based on the findings of Othis (1995), effective study skills usually come down to
method used by a certain student/person to study much easier and more efficiently.
These two factors also have a role to play in the learning process of a student.
Motivation serves as the fuel that keeps the child moving on their studying and learning
process. Because of this, aside from gaining incentives, they also gain knowledge.
While the learning styles of the student will also help him upon learning for it gives him a
reason to learn the things in the way he will learn. There will be no pressure for a child
to understand things if only he will learn everything through the way he wanted to, for
instance, if the student is a visual learner, then he can study the lesson through seeing
it with the eyes or watching videos that contained related topics to the lesson presented.
If a student is an audio learner he can learn his lesson through listening to it attentively
or let the other person discuss to him the topic or lesson talked about by the teacher.
Lastly, if a student is a kinaesthetic learner, he can learn his lessons through doing it on
his own for example in a laboratory session. Hence, learning skills refer to the skills that
individual with different abilities, interests, and ways of thinking and responding thus
2008-2009). It is being realized that students use different learning strategies. They
have different methods of reading, interpreting and coding the information. Sometimes
these strategies are useful, but some students develop pathological learning strategies.
study. Studying is a skill. Being successful in school requires a high level of study skills
and students must first learn these skills, practice them and develop effective study
Everyone cannot be brilliant but everyone can learn how to study. Effective study
habits, even highly intelligent student failed due to inefficient work and lack of
knowledge on how to study effectively. Important skills for study have to be learned
and practiced.
As a matter of fact, students who work to a more regular program of study have a
better academic performance. Study habits tend to be formed in the early grades and in
the most instances, do not materially improve after elementary school. Some students
often complain about mental inability or strain or lack of interest in studies. Other thinks
In some cases, Fielden (2004) stated that good study habits help the student in
synthesizing. While in the study of Nneji (2002) he added that study habits are learning
tendencies that enable students work privately. The study conducted by Hope L.
consumption during his/her study session and the individual's study habits showed that
the main effect of drinking caffeine on exam preparation was not significant. Unhealthy
study habits were operationally defined as low scores on amount of time per study
session, time (in days) when preparation began, and amount of information the
participants believed they had retained. High scores on anxiety level were included in
While in Dumayag’s (2009) point of view, “the effective study skills are
associated with positive outcomes across multiple academic content areas and for
strategies that are effective in helping students to improve their study skills. Study habit,
skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to rival standardized tests and
skill measures improve prediction of academic performance, more than any other non
cognitive individual difference variable examined to date and should be regarded as the
third pillar of academic success”. The substantive aim of the study was to examine the
improving study habits and suggested that the student should try not to study all the
subjects in just a period. It also added that if you try to do too much studying at one
time, you will tire and your studying will not be very effective. Space the work you have
to do over shorter periods of time. Taking short breaks will restore your mental energy.
Additionally, Mark E. Thompson (2005) undoubtedly affirmed to Mark Crilly’s
(2000) study that other students are able to balance social activities with good study
habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help prevent from becoming
fatigued. He said that a student should make sure that he must take a break for an hour
after studies to meet with friends, to play some cards, work out at the gym, or to gab
with a new acquaintance. For this way, that student will find concentration when he
does study, if he plans a social activity afterwards. He said, “To develop a healthy social
life, develop routine study habits. After supper, lug your books and homework to the
library, find a comfortable and quiet niche, and study for two or three hours, taking
intermittent 10 minute breaks every 45 minutes or so.” Making friends with whom you
share similar study habits, and share a table or a study space with them would be a
To give a clearer view of each of the variables in this study, here are the
following discussions:
Study habit
S. Edwards (2006) said that learning to study is like learning to ride a bike-once
you get it you have the skills for life. Meaning that in steps to learning there are bumps
and bruises along the way because the process of learning is sometimes painful. In
addition to that learners who excel in school is not an exemption in creating a good
study habit because learning is a lifetime process, it does not stop. Moreover study
There are many factors to be considered in discussing the reasons behind the
formed study habit of the learners especially in the adolescent period. This is the stage
where critical period begin when they wanted to go out under the custody of their
parents. In such it is important to consider the parental involvement of the parents and
its influence to the learners. The family monthly income is also one factor to be
considered because now a day there is no such thing as free. This means that you don’t
get something without anything or without money. In addition, it doesn’t mean that
students that are enrolled in a public school are absolutely free from any expenses.
Aside from the projects and assignment it cannot be missed at school that there are
biological needs of a man to be feed. In one way or another, everybody will spend an
ample amount for the desired learning. Learners’ academic performance must be
considered also because it is interrelated to students’ study habit. However, one of the
important considerations is the attitude of students towards studies and these factors
perceive the actions of the mentioned factors. The development of positive attitude
towards studies must be considered seriously by both parents and teachers. Their
actions are important in motivating the learners’ performance towards their study habit.
Time Management
Time management can be also the factor that can affect the study habit of the
student for the reason that a one’s study habit is also connected with how a student
manage his time in accordance to its desired study time. Time management has been
described using many different terms including spontaneity, balance, flexibility, and
having control over time (Lakein, 1973). Time management has also been characterized
prioritizing and respecting those priorities, setting priorities and scheduling tasks
(Jordan et al., 1989). Time management can also be considered as the process, by
process by which an individual obtains control over the timing and the content of what
he/she does and as what can be accomplished with time (Onacken & Wass, 1985). In
order to utilize time effectively, individuals must first be able to predict or plan how much
time is needed for the activity (Kelly, 2002). An individual will become effective in using
their time only when the individual clearly knows what they want to do, what they need
to do, and for which specific target date (Soucie, 1986). Individuals need to become
more disciplined in their use of time by respecting their established priorities while
minimizing distractions from others as well as from situations that have the ability to
should do by setting goals, deciding which events are the most important and realizing
that other activities will have to be scheduled around them (prioritizing), making
decisions about how much time to allow for certain tasks (time estimation), adjusting to
the unexpected (problem solving), reconsidering goals and priorities on a regular basis
(evaluation), and observing patterns and trends in behavior. Manages your time can
help you study your lesson in a desired time and doing it every time can be a habit for
Study Techniques
Study techniques can help an individual to study and form his study habit. Study
techniques are how someone studies in a way that he wants to remember what he has
studying. They are generally critical to success in school considering the essential for
acquiring good grades, and useful for learning throughout one's life. There are an array
of study skills, which may tackle the process of organizing and taking in new
include mnemonics, which aid the retention of lists of information, effective reading and
Learning Styles
The Learning style of a student contributes to its study habit formation because
there are factors that their learning styles influences their way of studying. Different
theorists and educationists have defined learning styles in their own way. They believe
that this is an important concept to be studied. The concept of style helps to understand
how the learners are same with each other, and how they differ in terms of learning.
There are three basic types of learning styles, the three most common are visual,
auditory, and kinesthetic. To learn, we depend on our senses to process the information
around us. Most people tend to use one of their senses more than the others. However,
Some theorists or practitioners explained that the learning styles show how one
particular individual will react to a specific situation and how he or she will behave in a
unique or common learning situation depends on his/her learning style. This leads to a
different interaction with the same learning environment by different people and it is a
matter of their learning style, (Gordon 1998). Thus, learning styles are taken as stable
individual preferences for receiving and processing information by many of the theorists.
Learning styles are the different approaches and ways of learning. First, the
Visual Learners, they learn through seeing. These learners need to see the teacher's
body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson. They
tend to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g.
people's heads). They may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays
and hand-outs. During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to
take detailed notes to absorb the information. Second, the Auditory Learner, they learn
through listening. They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things
through and listening to what others have to say. Auditory learners interpret the
underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other
nuances. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. These learners
often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder. Lastly, the Tactile or the
Kinesthetic Learners, they learn through moving, doing and touching. Tactile/Kinesthetic
persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world
around them. They may find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become
Parental Involvement
number one reason of the student’s motivation and if student will see that their parents
pay less attention in their academic performance a usual response of the student is an
attitude of procrastination. According to the 1st stage of Erik Erikson’s theory the
parents are the basic source or foundation of trust an individual can create to his/her
environment. Parent involvement in school is needed because according to the study of
Chavkin et.al. (1993) that parent involvement – or school and family connections – is a
parental involvement are the stimuli that serves so as student will avoid procrastination
and contributes to efficient time management, learning skills and study techniques of
the students. Parental monitoring is needed so that student will feel that they need to do
their best because their parents put a great value in their studies. Furthermore it is the
best influence of the parents to their students to give their best in their studies.
parents’ professional status. In this study, it focuses mainly on the family monthly
income of the parents or the other children of the family. This is fact that in our society,
to observe the difference well off family and to which is not. It is also believed that a
student’s interest in studies and academic performance are also affected by the family’s
socio-economic status like the income that the family is consuming in a day, month or
year, (Eun Chul Seo 1999). In terms of the school projects and assignment, students
need to spend ample amount on the materials needed like paper, ball pen etc. these
things cannot be acquired without money. In addition, the moment they saw the
financial capability of their parents to provide chances, then the students will be
encourage in doing the task. Furthermore, adolescents’ attitude wants to get in what is
new in order to be accepted by their peers. The student’s socio-economic status trigger
certain behaviour in response to the situation, thus result to students’ poor study habit.
Academic Performance
study habit if they got high scores in their previous grades consequently they will exert
more effort to give their best. Although it doesn’t mean that those low performing
students don’t have a goal to achieve. Based on the academic performance of the
student you can clearly identify if their study habit is good or bad. Student’s previous
Teacher’s Personality
Rasmussen (2006) is concerned with the affective domain that includes maintaining a
positive attitude, believing one has control over what happens to oneself in school, and
effectively managing stress and anxiety. This factor is important in the part of the
teacher since teachers are the second parent of the students in school. In such
maintaining a positive attitude will become a motivation to the students to learn well.
Furthermore the statement believing one has control over what will be going to happen
means that the teacher can influence the behaviour of their student and thus result into
a positive response that will not cause stress and anxiety to everyone. Teachers are
with this, the researchers would like to know the effect of the study habit to their
academic performances.
constantly in one learning process after the other and it is therefore important to be
understand that what might work for others do not necessarily have to work for others
as well. However, it is still important that students should be consistent along with their
studies. According to the theories of study habits, there are broadly two types of
students. The first category is of the students who study for a shorter duration, have a
good concentration and are able to get good scores without much effort. The second
category includes students who have a rather poor concentration, and need a lot of hard
work to get good scores. With a regular study habit you will find that the child will study
To conclude, study habits may vary from student to student perspective because
not everyone achieve the style of learning process like what other can achieve for their
selves. There may be a lot of factors that can affect the study habit of one student but
it’s all depend to him on how he can manage to do his studies without minding the
Synthesis
Conceptual Framework
students’ study habits towards their academic performance (Manchala, 2007). Whither
the study habit is systematic or unsystematic, efficient or otherwise there could always
that study habit serves as the vehicle of learning and poor study habits create anxiety in
the students. He also explained that if the students have a good study habit it make
them to have a good performance. However, behind this so called “study habit” either
good or bad there are factors or reasons behind of what kind of study habit the students
produce. This is a common concern among educators but they focused on the poor
study habit of the students, the cause of the students’ low academic performance.
determination theory by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan because the learner
himself and the independent variables have a great role in shaping the learner’s study
habit. Self- determination is innate to an individual and together with the psychological
needs. This theory emphasizes on the individual’s motivation and how external factors
affects on the individual performance. The term motivation as stated in the study of
individual, which will arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of
there is a positive stimulus that would bring out the positive behaviour in the life of the
learners. In such this paper put into consideration the social environment that nurtures
were considered: the students’ profile in terms of their parental involvement family
personality. These variables are because they are considered as the nurturing social
environment and in one way or other these may influence the study habit of the
students.
It is important to consider the study habits of the students on how they manage
their time efficiently, and how to have effective varied study techniques to keep them
afloat. These things are important for them to form a good study habit. These things are
acquiring good grades as expected by parents and school authorities. In such the
cooperation of the parents and teachers are needed because they are going to take
another step in learning process which is the secondary level or high school. In addition
to that high school is the training ground for college if students started a poor study
There are books written of some authors that will help students how to have an
effective study habit. According to T.G. Dawood (2006) that time management skills are
prioritize important task and balance their time efficiently. Study techniques are methods
which involve the application of a group of techniques to achieve a process result (Vijay
Sheth 2005). In addition it is one way of realizing the best method of performing a task
which can be effective in studying. According to the research study of Eun Chun Seul
(1999) she quoted from Morgan and Deese (1973) that studying is really an all-out effort
and learning, and it is only practiced successfully when one really learns. It means that
studying takes a lot of time to practice, it involves sacrifices for leisure’s in order to
make it a habit. Furthermore no one can learn for you, learning is solely controlled by
the learner itself. In addition with this the secret of effective study is found in the
student’s firm determination and desire to learn. In addition students must have a
genuine interest to learn and desire to study in the best possible way.
Definition of Terms
This study aimed to determine the study habits among Grade IV pupils at St.
Bridget College.
1. What are the study habits among Grade IV pupils in SBC? How often do they
practice it?
2. How do the following factors influence pupils good study habits relative to:
pupils themselves?
The study was conducted in St. Bridget College, Elementary Department during
Specifically, this study concentrated on the different types of study habits, factors
that influence good study habits, possible results of good study habits in relation to
reading skills as assessed by the students and proposed study habits plan for Grade IV
pupils.
pupils in school.
The findings of this study would be useful and valuable as it will give insights to
students, future teachers and future researchers in planning for the best activities that
To the Administrators, who are the policies making body of the school. Through
the findings of the study, they can provide inputs to revise modify and suggest some
activities wherein the different skills can be developed among the students.
To the Teachers, the teachers are the facilitators of learning and the students
are the active participants of it and so both elements are needed for the learning
process to take place. And this study will provide them information to their concern
regarding the poor study habits of their students enrolled in Grade IV, St. Bridget
College. Through this study, they can think of a way on how they can increase the
interest of the students upon studying. They can also properly motivate and guide their
students toward acquiring good study habits, thus making the students perform well in
their academic responsibilities. In this way, the students hopefully will never gain
decreasing scores during their school performances but finally an increasing result.
To the Parents, one of the reasons why the students will attend their classes is
their parents’ motivation to them. In this study, the parents will be able to know their role
upon improving their children’s study habits which then can help their children in
attaining a perfect mark for their academic or curricular performances. They can also
support their children in developing and enhancing skills by showing and giving full
To the Students, the students will be given an idea to know more about their
selves and on how they are going to determine their study habits so they can improve it
for the better. The student themselves should know whatever is conceived to have great
contribution on the learning of the students. In this way, it is not just their study habits
To the future Teachers, this study will provide some insights on how to carry out
their task, prepare and develop instructional materials when they are already in the field.
To the Researchers, the findings of this study may provide them information
about the study habits in which they can possibly make use in real life situation. They
can also utilize the findings of this study for reference purposes as they conduct similar
investigation.
Furthermore, this study will not only give benefits to the following mentioned
above but also to the other factors that can affect each components of beneficiaries
Research Design
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
Thank you for answering this survey questionnaire. Rest assured that the gathered
The researcher,
SBC Faculty
Directions: Below are types of study habits. Please put a check mark ( ) in the
4 - Always
3 - Sometimes
2 - Seldom
1 - Never
I’ve learned
Total
Part II- Factors Influencing Good Study Habits
influencing good study habits. Please put a check mark ( ) in the appropriate column
3 – To a Great Extent
2 – To a Moderate Extent
1 – To a Least Extent
desirable knowledge
6. Develops creativity
class
pair/group work
Total
Part III – Possible results of good study habits in relation to reading skills of
pupils themselves
Directions: The following are the possible results of good study habits in relation to your
reading skills. Please put a check mark ( ) in the appropriate column that best describe
3 – To a Great Extent
2 – To a Moderate Extent
1 – To a Least Extent
4 3 2 1
comprehension
examinations
Veronica P.et.al.,March16,2013