However, the success of the rights revolution has also produced an inflation of rights claims.

The range of interests

subject to rights claims has grown considerably. It is true that the list of human rights in international instruments is
impressive and appears to be forever expanding.4 The notion of human rights has special appeal to many minority
language activists, lawyers and scholars, which tend to address and invoke language rights as though they were
obviously human rights Commented [F1]: What gave rise to linguistic rights

a number of specialists on minority language issues have been advocating a human rights approach to language
rights.5 Indeed, they have popularized the concept of ‗linguistic human rights Commented [F2]: Linguistic rights were presented as
linguistic human rights
The emphasis of the ‗linguistic human rights‘ approach is placed on language rights to education.
“Minority-language education guarantee has two purposes: first, education in ones language provides an
important way to preserve and promote the minority group’s language and culture…there is also a strong
remedial component-designed to protect the French and English minorities from assimilation and to give
recognition and encouragement to the two official language groups in Canada” Commented [F3]: As Muslims in continent were induced
to assimilate with hindus.

It is a Collective Right for parents in a French speaking community to enroll their children in a French-Language
Program (so long as the numbers warrant).

Linguistic rights protect the individual and collective right to choose one’s language or languages for
communication both within the private and the public spheres. They include the right to speak one’s
own language in legal, administrative and judicial acts, the right to receive education in one’s own
language, and the right for media to be broadcast in one’s own language. For minority groups the
opportunity to use one’s own language can be of crucial importance, since it protects individual and
collective identity and culture as well as participation in public life. Commented [F4]: What is linguistic rights

Having regard to the Universal Declaration of the Collective Rights of Peoples, Barcelona, May 1990, which declared
that all peoples have the right to express and develop their culture, language and rules of organization and, to this
end, to adopt political, educational, communications and governmental structures of their own, within different
political frameworks; Commented [F5]: Minorities have the right to develop
their culture.
which recommended that linguistic rights be considered as fundamental rights of the individual;

Considering that the majority of the world’s endangered languages belong to non-sovereign peoples and that the
main factors which prevent the development of these languages and accelerate the process of language substitution
include the lack of self-government and the policy of states which impose their political and administrative
structures and their language; Commented [F6]: With the death of language of course,
culture the entire trapping would die along with language.

Considering that invasion, colonisation, occupation and other instances of political, economic or social subordination
often involve the direct imposition of a foreign language or, at the very least, distort perceptions of the value of
languages and give rise to hierarchical linguistic attitudes which undermine the language loyalty of speakers; and
considering that the languages of some peoples which have attained sovereignty are consequently immersed in a
process of language substitution as a result of a policy which favours the language of former colonial or imperial
powers; Commented [F7]: How colonization affect the language

Considering that, in order to ensure peaceful coexistence between language communities, overall principles must be
found so as to guarantee the promotion and respect of all languages and their social use in public and in private; Commented [F8]: Possible conclusion and respect of
other language for sustaining the order in society and natino
Considering that various factors of an extralinguistic nature (historical, political, territorial, demographic, economic,
sociocultural and sociolinguistic factors and those related to collective attitudes) give rise to problems which lead to
the extinction, marginalization and degeneration of numerous languages, and that linguistic rights must therefore be
examined in an overall perspective, so as to apply appropriate solutions in each case; Commented [F9]: What factors give rise to the problems?

This Declaration considers as a language community any human society established historically in a particular
territorial space, whether this space be recognized or not, which identifies itself as a people and has developed a
common language as a natural means of communication and cultural cohesion among its members. The term
language proper to a territory refers to the language of the community historically established in such a space Commented [F10]: Poignant story of language formation.

For presentation

Speech is core to our humanity. In a key sense, we ‘talked ourselves’ free from biological determinism. Speech is
obviously fundamental to our capacity to assert political rights, and determine, ‘what is just and unjust’ (Aristotle,
Politics, 1992, p. 60; [350bc, 1253a16]). Rights therefore mean little if they do not relate to speech.

The world’s languages are dying. Ninety percent of them are expected to disappear in the next hundred years.

People who lose their linguistic and cultural identity may lose an essential element in a social process that commonly
teaches respect for nature and understanding of the natural environment and its processes. Commented [F11]: When people move into another
country they change completely.
any reduction of language diversity diminishes the adaptational strength of our species because it lowers the pool of
knowledge from which we can draw. Commented [F12]: When language dies the pool of
knowledge decreases.

1972 Language violence in Sindh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1972 Language violence in Sindh occurred starting on 7 July, 1972 when the Sindh Assembly passed The
Sind Teaching, Promotion and Use of Sindhi Language Bill, 1972 which established Sindhi language as the sole
official language of the province resulting in language violence in Sindh, Pakistan.[1]
The proclamation of Sindhi as the official language of Sindh resulted in the Daily Jang, a Urdu from Karachi,
publishing a full-page story on their front page surrounded by a banner with the statement "Urdu ka janaza hai
zara dhoom se nikle" (It is the funeral of Urdu thus should be a flaunting one) by Rais Amrohvi.[2][3] Due to the
clashes, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto compromised and announced that Urdu and Sindhi will both be official
languages of Sindh. The making of Sindhi as an equal language to Urdu for official purposes frustrated the Urdu-
speaking people as they did not speak the Sindhi language.

Language can serve, in all spheres of social life, to bring people together or to divide them. Language rights can serve
to unite societies, whereas violations of language rights can trigger and inflame conflict. Commented [F13]: Laguage can bring people together as
well as divide them as happed in Bangladesh

Implicit in these non-discrimination provisions is the fact that if a state denies a speaker of a minority language access
to rights on the basis of the language they speak, the state will be deemed to be in violation of the right to use a
minority language. Commented [F14]: Which factors would be responsible
to declare a state as vilator of linguistic rights
English has become a lingua franca, lingua economica, lingua emotiva, lingua academica, lingua cultura and lingua
bellica