Electrical Machines PDF
Electrical Machines PDF
Electrical Machines PDF
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
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Q. 7 A 220 V, 15 kW, 100 rpm shunt motor with armature resistance of 0.25 W, has a
rated line current of 68 A and a rated field current of 2.2 A. The change in field
flux required to obtain a speed of 1600 rpm while drawing a line current of 52.8 A
and a field current of 1.8 A is
(A) 18.18% increase (B) 18.18% decrease
(C) 36.36% increase (D) 36.36% decrease
Q. 8 The locked rotor current in a 3-phase, star connected 15 kW, 4 pole, 230 V, 50 Hz
induction motor at rated conditions is 50 A. Neglecting losses and magnetizing
current, the approximate locked rotor line current drawn when the motor is
connected to a 236 V, 57 Hz supply is
(A) 58.5 A (B) 45.0 A
(C) 42.7 A (D) 55.6 A
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Q. 12 A single phase air core transformer, fed from a rated sinusoidal supply, is operating
at no load. The steady state magnetizing current drawn by the transformer from
the supply will have the waveform
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(A) 1.41 A
(B) 2 A
(C) 2.24 A
(D) 3 A
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Q. 19 For the motor to deliver a torque of 2.5 Nm at 1400 rpm, the armature voltage
to be applied is
(A) 125.5 V (B) 193.3 V
(C) 200 V (D) 241.7 V
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Q. 22 The single phase, 50 Hz iron core transformer in the circuit has both the vertical
arms of cross sectional area 20 cm2 and both the horizontal arms of cross sectional
area 10 cm2 . If the two windings shown were wound instead on opposite horizontal
arms, the mutual inductance will
Q. 23 A 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor supplied from a balanced 3-phase source drives
a mechanical load. The torque-speed characteristics of the motor(solid curve) and of the
load(dotted curve) are shown. Of the two equilibrium points A and B, which of
the following options correctly describes the stability of A and B ?
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Q. 26 If the wave form of i (t) is changed to i (t) = 10 sin (100pt) A, the peak voltage
across A and B with S closed is
(A) 400 V (B) 240 V
(C) 320 V (D) 160 V
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The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with balanced,
4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The transformer is
under no load condition
Q. 27 With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux waveform will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) peaky with third-harmonic
(D) none of these
Q. 28 With S2 closed and S1 open, the current waveform in the delta winding will be
(A) a sinusoid at fundamental frequency
(B) flat-topped with third harmonic
(C) only third-harmonic
(D) none of these
Q. 29 Figure shows the extended view of a 2-pole dc machine with 10 armature conductors.
Normal brush positions are shown by A and B, placed at the interpolar axis. If
the brushes are now shifted, in the direction of rotation, to A’ and B’ as shown,
the voltage waveform VA'B' will resemble
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The figure above shows coils-1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having 4000
and 6000 turns respectively. Both the coils have a rated current of 25 A. Coil-1 is
excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply.
400
Q. 30 The coils are to be connected to obtain a single-phase, 1000 V,
auto-transformer to drive a load of 10 kVA. Which of the options given should be
exercised to realize the required auto-transformer ?
(A) Connect A and D; Common B (B) Connect B and D; Common C
(C) Connect A and C; Common B (D) Connect A and C; Common D
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(C) W1 and W4
(D) W2 and W3
The induced emf (ers) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be of
the form
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Q. 39 A 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, 1400 rpm, star connected squirrel cage induction motor
has the following parameters referred to the stator:
R'r = 1.0 W, Xs = X r = 1.5 W
Neglect stator resistance and core and rotational losses of the motor. The motor
is controlled from a 3-phase voltage source inverter with constant V/f control.
The stator line-to-line voltage(rms) and frequency to obtain the maximum torque
at starting will be :
(A) 20.6 V, 2.7 Hz
(B) 133.3 V, 16.7 Hz
(C) 266.6 V, 33.3 Hz
(D) 323.3 V, 40.3 Hz
The motor is coupled to a 220 V, separately excited d.c generator feeding power
to fixed resistance of 10 W. Two-wattmeter method is used to measure the input
power to induction motor. The variable resistance is adjusted such the motor runs
at 1410 rpm and the following readings were recorded W1 = 1800 W, W2 =- 200
W.
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Q. 40 The speed of rotation of stator magnetic field with respect to rotor structure will
be
(A) 90 rpm in the direction of rotation
(B) 90 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
(C) 1500 rpm in the direction of rotation
(D) 1500 rpm in the opposite direction of rotation
Q. 41 Neglecting all losses of both the machines, the dc generator power output and the
current through resistance (Rex) will respectively be
(A) 96 W, 3.10 A (B) 120 W, 3.46 A
(C) 1504 W, 12.26 A (D) 1880 W, 13.71 A
Q. 43 The external resistance to be added in the armature circuit to limit the armature
current to 125% of its rated value is
(A) 31.1 W (B) 31.9 W
(C) 15.1 W (D) 15.9 W
Q. 45 Keeping the excitation voltage same, the load on the motor is increased such that
the motor current increases by 20%. The operating power factor will become
(A) 0.995 lagging (B) 0.995 leading
(C) 0.791 lagging (D) 0.848 leading
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Q. 47 The dc motor, which can provide zero speed regulation at full load without any
controller is
(A) series
(B) shunt
(C) cumulative compound
(D) differential compound
Q. 48 The electromagnetic torque Te of a drive and its connected load torque TL are as
shown below. Out of the operating points A, B, C and D, the stable ones are
(A) A, C, D (B) B, C
(C) A, D (D) B, C, D
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Q. 53 A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a starting torque of 150% and a
maximum torque of 300% with respect to rated torque at rated voltage and rated
frequency. Neglect the stator resistance and rotational losses. The value of slip
for maximum torque is
(A) 13.48% (B) 16.42%
(C) 18.92% (D) 26.79%
Q. 55 If a star-delta starter is used to start this induction motor, the per unit starting
torque will be
(A) 0.607 (B) 0.816
(C) 1.225 (D) 1.616
Q. 56 If a starting torque of 0.5 per unit is required then the per unit starting current
should be
(A) 4.65 (B) 3.75
(C) 3.16 (D) 2.13
Q. 58 For a single phase capacitor start induction motor which of the following
statements is valid ?
(A) The capacitor is used for power factor improvement
(B) The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the main winding
terminals
(C) The direction of rotation cannot be changed
(D) The direction of rotation can be changed by interchanging the supply
terminals
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Q. 62 Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in
proportion to their kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500
kVA ratings. The rating of the first transformer is 500 kVA and its pu leakage
impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating of second transformer is 250 kVA, its pu
leakage impedance is
(A) 0.20 (B) 0.10
(C) 0.05 (D) 0.025
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Q. 65 A 3-phase, 10 kW, 400 V, 4-pole, 50Hz, star connected induction motor draws 20
A on full load. Its no load and blocked rotor test data are given below.
No Load Test : 400 V 6A 1002 W
Blocked Rotor Test : 90 V 15 A 762 W
Neglecting copper loss in no load test and core loss in blocked rotor test, estimate
motor’s full load efficiency
(A) 76% (B) 81%
(C) 82.4% (D) 85%
Q. 68 The line-to-line induced emf(in volts), for a three phase connection is approximately
(A) 1143 (B) 1332
(C) 1617 (D) 1791
Q. 69 The fifth harmonic component of phase emf(in volts), for a three phase star
connection is
(A) 0 (B) 269
(C) 281 (D) 808
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Q. 74 On the torque/speed curve of the induction motor shown in the figure four points
of operation are marked as W, X, Y and Z. Which one of them represents the
operation at a slip greater than 1 ?
(A) W (B) X
(C) Y (D) Z
Q. 75 For an induction motor, operation at a slip s , the ration of gross power output to
air gap power is equal to
(A) (1 - s) 2 (B) (1 - s)
(C) (1 - s) (D) (1 - s)
Q. 76 Two magnetic poles revolve around a stationary armature carrying two coil
(c1 - c1l , c2 - c2l ) as shown in the figure. Consider the instant when the poles are
in a position as shown. Identify the correct statement regarding the polarity of
the induced emf at this instant in coil sides c1 and c2 .
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(ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field control, the respective output powers
delivered by the motor are approximately.
(A) 25 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
(B) 25 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
(C) 50 kW in (i) and 75 kW in (ii)
(D) 50 kW in (i) and 50 kW in (ii)
Q. 79 In relation to DC machines, match the following and choose the correct combination
List-I List-II
Performance Variables Proportional to
P. Armature emf (E ) 1. Flux(f), speed (w) and armature
current (Ia)
Q. Developed torque (T ) 2. f and w only
R Developed power (P ) 3. f and Ia only
4. Ia and w only
5. Ia only
Codes:
P Q R
(A) 3 3 1
(B) 2 5 4
(C) 3 5 4
(D) 2 3 1
Q. 80 Under no load condition, if the applied voltage to an induction motor is reduced
from the rated voltage to half the rated value,
(A) the speed decreases and the stator current increases
(B) both the speed and the stator current decreases
(C) the speed and the stator current remain practically constant
(D) there is negligible change in the speed but the stator current decreases
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Q. 82 In a single phase induction motor driving a fan load, the reason for having a high
resistance rotor is to achieve
(A) low starting torque (B) quick acceleration
(C) high efficiency (D) reduced size
Q. 86 A 500 kVA, 3-phase transformer has iron losses of 300 W and full load copper
losses of 600 W. The percentage load at which the transformer is expected to have
maximum efficiency is
(A) 50.0% (B) 70.7%
(C) 141.4% (D) 200.0%
Q. 87 For a given stepper motor, the following torque has the highest numerical value
(A) Detent torque (B) Pull-in torque
(C) Pull-out torque (D) Holding torque
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Q. 89 The type of single-phase induction motor having the highest power factor at full
load is
(A) shaded pole type (B) split-phase type
(C) capacitor-start type (D) capacitor-run type
Q. 92 The synchronous speed for the seventh space harmonic mmf wave of a 3-phase,
8-pole, 50 Hz induction machine is
(A) 107.14 rpm in forward direction (B) 107.14 rpm in reverse direction
(C) 5250 rpm in forward direction (D) 5250 rpm in reverse direction
Q. 93 A rotating electrical machine its self-inductances of both the stator and the rotor
windings, independent of the rotor position will be definitely not develop
(A) starting torque
(B) synchronizing torque
(C) hysteresis torque
(D) reluctance torque
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Q. 99 A 400 V, 15 kW, 4-pole, 50Hz, Y-connected induction motor has full load slip of
4%. The output torque of the machine at full load is
(A) 1.66 Nm (B) 95.50 Nm
(C) 99.47 Nm (D) 624.73 Nm
Q. 100 For a 1.8c, 2-phase bipolar stepper motor, the stepping rate is
100 steps/second. The rotational speed of the motor in rpm is
(A) 15 (B) 30
(C) 60 (D) 90
Q. 102 A 400 V, 50 kVA, 0.8 p.f. leading 3-connected, 50 Hz synchronous machine has
a synchronous reactance of 2 W and negligible armature resistance. The friction
and windage losses are 2 kW and the core loss is 0.8 kW. The shaft is supplying
9 kW load at a power factor of 0.8 leading. The line current drawn is
(A) 12.29 A (B) 16.24 A
(C) 21.29 A (D) 36.88 A
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Q. 103 A 500 MW, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous generator has a rated voltage of
21.5 kV at 0.85 p.f. The line current when operating at full load rated conditions
will be
(A) 13.43 kA
(B) 15.79 kA
(C) 23.25 kA
(D) 27.36 kA
Q. 104 A simple phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load and
unity power factor. Efficiency at half load at the same power factor is
(A) 86.7% (B) 88.26%
(C) 88.9% (D) 87.8%
Q. 105 Group-I lists different applications and Group-II lists the motors for these
applications. Match the application with the most suitable motor and choose the
right combination among the choices given thereafter
Group-I Group-II
P. Food mixer 1. Permanent magnet dc motor
Q Cassette tape recorder 2. Single-phase induction motor
R. Domestic water pump 3. Universal motor
S. Escalator 4. Three-phase induction motor
5. DC series motor
6. Stepper motor
Codes:
P Q R S
(A) 3 6 4 5
(B) 1 3 2 4
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 3 2 1 4
Q. 106 A stand alone engine driven synchronous generator is feeding a partly inductive
load. A capacitor is now connected across the load to completely nullify the
inductive current. For this operating condition.
(A) the field current and fuel input have to be reduced
(B) the field current and fuel input have to be increased
(C) the field current has to be increased and fuel input left unaltered
(D) the field current has to be reduced and fuel input left unaltered
Q. 107 Curves X and Y in figure denote open circuit and full-load zero power factor(zpf)
characteristics of a synchronous generator. Q is a point on the zpf characteristics
at 1.0 p.u. voltage. The vertical distance PQ in figure gives the voltage drop
across
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Q. 108 No-load test on a 3-phase induction motor was conducted at different supply
voltage and a plot of input power versus voltage was drawn. This curve was
extrapolated to intersect the y-axis. The intersection point yields
(A) Core loss (B) Stator copper loss
(C) Stray load loss (D) Friction and windage loss
Q. 109 Figure shows an ideal single-phase transformer. The primary and secondary coils
are wound on the core as shown. Turns ratio N1 /N2 = 2 .The correct phasors of
voltages E1, E2 , currents I1, I2 and core flux F are as shown in
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Q. 114 When stator and rotor windings of a 2-pole rotating electrical machine are excited,
each would produce a sinusoidal mmf distribution in the airgap with peal values
Fs and Fr respectively. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by a space angle d at any
instant as shown in figure. Thus, half of stator and rotor surfaces will form one
pole with the other half forming the second pole. Further, the direction of torque
acting on the rotor can be clockwise or counter-clockwise.
The following table gives four set of statement as regards poles and torque. Select
the correct set corresponding to the mmf axes as shown in figure.
(A) North Pole South Pole North Pole South Pole Clockwise
(B) South Pole North Pole North Pole South Pole Counter
Clockwise
(C) North Pole South Pole South Pole North Pole Counter
(D) South Pole North Pole South Pole North Pole Clockwise
Clockwise
Q. 116 A 3-phase induction motor is driving a constant torque load at rated voltage and
frequency. If both voltage and frequency are halved, following statements relate to
the new condition if stator resistance, leakage reactance and core loss are ignored
1. The difference between synchronous speed and actual speed remains same
2. The airgap flux remains same
3. The stator current remains same
4. The p.u. slip remains same
Among the above, current statements are
(A) All (B) 1, 2 and 3
(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1 and 4
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Q. 117 A single-phase induction motor with only the main winding excited would exhibit
the following response at synchronous speed
(A) Rotor current is zero
(B) Rotor current is non-zero and is at slip frequency
(C) Forward and backward rotaling fields are equal
(D) Forward rotating field is more than the backward rotating field
Q. 118 A dc series motor driving and electric train faces a constant power load. It is
running at rated speed and rated voltage. If the speed has to be brought down to
0.25 p.u. the supply voltage has to be approximately brought down to
(A) 0.75 p.u (B) 0.5 p.u
(C) 0.25 p.u (D) 0.125 p.u
***********
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SOLUTION
4 ^ h
= 120 50 = 1500 rpm
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VWX
at VWZ = 100 V ; = 100
2
2
VYZ 100
2
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E1 = n1 f1
E2 a n2 kc f2 m
203.55 = 1000 f1
207.45 b 1600 lc f2 m
f 2 = 0.6369f1
f1 - f2 f - 0.6369f1
% reduce in flux = 100 = 1 # 100
f1 # f1
- 36.3%
Sol. 8 Option (B) is correct.
Given that magnetizing current and losses are to be neglected. Locked rotor line
current.
I2 = E2 = E2 (R2 = 0)
Z2 R 22 + X 22
I2 = E2 = E2 \ E2
X2 wL 2 f
50 = 230 57
I2l b 236 lb 50 l
So
I2l = 45.0 A
Sol. 9 Option (B) is correct.
Since the core length of the second transformer is 2 times of the first, so the
core area of the second transformer is twice of the first.
Let subscript 1 is used for first transformer and 2 is used for second transform.
Area a2 = 2a1
Length l2 = 2 l1
N 2 ma
Magnetizing inductance, L =
l
N = no. of turns
m = length of flux path
a = cross section area
l = length
L\a N and m are same for both the
l
transformer
L 1 = a1 : l 2
L2 a 2 l1
L 1 = a1 : 2 l1
L2 2a1 l1
L 2 = 2 L1
Thus, magnetizing reactance of second transformer is 2 times of first.
Magnetizing current Xm2 = 2 Xm1
Im = V
Xm
Im1 = V1 : Xm2 = V1 2 Xm1
Im2 V2 Xm1 b 2V1 lc Xm1 m (V2 = 2V1)
Im2 = 2 Im1
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Now the flux is reduced by 10% keeping the torque to be constant, so the current
will be
Ia f1 = Ia f2
1 2
f
Ia = Ia 1 = 10 # 1 = 11.11 A ` f2 = 0.9f1
2 1
f2 0.9
Eb \ Nf
Eb Nf
& = 2 2 = 0.9
2
N1 = N 2
Eb 1
N1 f 1
Eb = 0.9Eb = 0.9 # 210 = 189 V
2 1
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N2 Eb 2
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N1 = 4000
N2 = 6000
I = 25 A
V = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
Coil are to be connected to obtain a single Phase, 400 V auto transfer to drive
1000
Load 10 kVA. Connected A & D common B
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Then E2 =- 0 - 48 V
Sol. 39 Option (B) is correct.
Given 400 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, 1400 rpm star connected squirrel cage induction
motor.
R = 1.00 W, Xs = Xlr = 1.5 W
So, for max. torque slip Sm = Rlr
Xsm + Xlrm
For starting torque Sm = 1
Then Xsm + Xlrm = Rlr
2pfm Ls + 0.2pfm Llr = 1
Frequency at max. torque
fm = 1
2p (Ls + Llr )
Ls = Xs = 1.5
2p # 50 2p # 50
Llr = 1.5
2p # 50
fm = 1 = 50 = 16.7 Hz
1.5 + 1.5 3
In const V/f control method 50 50
V1 = 400 = 8
f1 50
V2 = 8
f1
So V2 = f2 # 8 = 16.7 # 8 = 133.3 V
Sol. 40 Option (A) is correct.
Given 3-f, 440 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole slip ring motor
Motor is coupled to 220 V
N = 1410 rpm, W1 = 1800 W, W2 = 200 W
120f
So, Ns = = 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
P 4
Relative speed = 1500 - 1410
= 90 rpm in the direction of rotation.
Sol. 41 Option (C) is correct.
Neglecting losses of both machines
Slip(S ) = Ns - N = 1500 - 1410 = 0.06
Ns 1500
total power input to induction motor is
Pin = 1800 - 200 = 1600 W
Output power of induction motor
Pout = (1 - S) Pin = (1 - 0.06) 1600 = 1504 W
Losses are neglected so dc generator input power = output power
= 1504 W
2
So, I R = 1504
I = 1504 = 12.26 A
10
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The shunt motor provides speed regulation at full load without any controller.
Sol. 48 Option (C) is correct.
From the given characteristics point A and D are stable
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Efficiency 95% = 50 # 1 # 1
50 # Wcu + Wi
So Wcu + Wi = 2.631
Reconfigured as a 500 V/750 V auto-transformer
auto-transformer efficiency
h= 150 = 98.276%
150 + 2.631
Sol. 52 Option (B) is correct.
Given 3-f, 3-stack
Variable reluctance step motor has 20-poles
Step angle = 360 = 6c
3 # 20
Sol. 53 Option (D) is correct.
Given a 3-f squirrel cage induction motor starting torque is 150% and maximum
torque 300%
So TStart = 1.5TFL
Tmax = 3TFL
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I Fl
Per unit starting current
Isc = 0.5 = 3.16 A
I Fl 0.05
Sol. 57 Option (D) is correct.
In transformer, in open circuit test, current is drawn at low power factor but in
short circuit test current drawn at high power factor.
Sol. 58 Option (B) is correct.
A single-phase capacitor start induction motor. It has cage rotor and its stator
has two windings.
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The two windings are displaced 90c in space. The direction of rotation can be
changed by reversing the main winding terminals.
Sol. 59 Option (B) is correct.
In DC motor, compensating winding is used for neutralizing armature reactance
while interpole winding is used for improving commutation.
Interpoles generate voltage necessary to neutralize the e.m.f of self induction in
the armature coils undergoing commutation. Interpoles have a polarity opposite
to that of main pole in the direction of rotation of armature.
Sol. 60 Option (A) is correct.
Given: A 230 V, DC machine, 20 A at 200 V as a generator.
Ra = 0.2 W
The machine operated as a motor at same terminal voltage and current, flux
increased by 10%
So for generator
Eg = V + Ia Ra
= 200 + 20 # 0.2
Eg = 204 volt
for motor Em = V - Ia Ra
= 200 - 20 # 0.2
Em = 196 volt
Eg N f
So = g # g
Em Nm fm
204 = Ng 1
196 Nm # 1.1
Nm = 196 = 0.87
Ng 204 # 1.1
Sol. 61 Option (B) is correct.
A synchronous generator is feeding a zero power factor(lagging) load at rated
current then the armature reaction is demagnetizing.
Sol. 62 Option (B) is correct.
Given the rating of first transformer is 500 kVA
Per unit leakage impedance is 0.05 p.u.
Rating of second transformer is 250 kVA
actual impedance
So, Per unit impedance =
base impedance
and, Per unit leakage impedance \ 1
kVA
Then 500 kVA # 0.05 = 250 kVA # x
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Given T1 = T2
S2 = 0.04 # b 400 l # 30
2
Then
240 50
S2 = 0.066
Nr = Ns (1 - S)
120f
Nr =
P
So Nr = 120 # 30 ^1 - 0.066h = 840.6 rpm
4
Sol. 64 Option (A) is correct.
Given a 3-f induction motor
P = 4 , V = 400 V , f = 50 Hz
r1 = 1.0 W , r2l= 0.5 W
X1 = Xl2 = 1.2 W, Xm = 35 W
So, Speed of motor is
120f
Ns = = 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
P 4
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= b 20 l # 762 = 1354.67
2
15
Total losses = 1354.67 + 1002 = 2356.67
Efficiency = 10000 100 = 81%
10000 + 2356.67 #
Sol. 66 Option (A) is correct.
Given 3-f star connected synchronous motor
internal reactance = 10 W
Operating at 50% load, unity power factor, 400 V, 5 kW
Excitation increased = 1%
So,
full load current
I Fl = 5 # 103 = 7.22
3 # 400 # 1
E 2 = (V cos q - Ia Ra) 2 + (V sin q - Ia Xs) 2
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EL = 3 # 808
EL = 1400 V (approximate)
Sol. 68 Option (A) is correct.
line to line induced voltage, so in 2 phase winding
Slot/ pole/ph = 6
Tph = 480 = 240
2
Slot angle = 180 # 4 = 15c
48
sin 6 # (15/2)
Kd = = 0.903
6 sin (15/2)
K p = cos b 36 l = 0.951
2
E ph = 4.44 # 0.025 # 50 # 240 # 0.951 # 0.903
= 1143
Sol. 69 Option (A) is correct.
Fifth harmonic component of phase emf
So Angle = 180 = 36c
5
the phase emf of fifth harmonic is zero.
Sol. 70 Option (C) is correct.
Given that: A 300 kVA transformer
Efficiency at full load is 95% and 0.8 p.f. lagging
96% efficiency at half load and unity power factor
So
For Ist condition for full load
95% = kVA # 0.8 ...(1)
kVA # 0.8 + Wcu + Wi
Second unity power factor half load
96% = kVA # 0.5 ...(2)
kVA # 0.5 + Wcu + Wi
So Wcu + Wi = 12.63
0.25Wcu + 0.96Wi = 6.25
Then Wcu = 8.51, Wi = 4.118
Sol. 71 Option (B) is correct.
X # p.f. # kVA
Efficiency (h) =
X # kVA + Wi + Wcu # X2
So X = 4.118 = 0.6956
8.51
h% = 0.6956 # 1 # 300
0.6956 # 300 + 4.118 + 8.51 # (0.6956) 2
h = 96.20%
Sol. 72 Option (D) is correct.
The leakage reactances X1 , and X2l are equal and magnetizing reactance Xm is
higher than X1 , and X2l
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X1 . X2l << Xm
Sol. 73 Option (B) is correct.
Three phase star delta connection of transformer induces a phase difference of 30c
between output and input line voltage.
Sol. 74 Option (A) is correct.
Given torque/speed curve of the induction motor
When the speed of the motor is in forward direction then slip varies from 0 to 1
but when speed of motor is in reverse direction or negative then slip is greater
then 1. So at point W slip is greater than 1.
Sol. 75 Option (B) is correct.
For an induction motor the ratio of gross power output to air-gap is equal to
(1 - s)
gross power
So = (1 - s)
airgap power
Sol. 76 Option (A) is correct.
Given that two magnetic pole revolve around a stationary armature.
At c1 the emf induced upward and no emf induced at c2 and c2l
Sol. 77 Option (B) is correct.
Given A 50 kW DC shunt motor is loaded, then
at half the rated speed by armature voltage control
So P\N
Pnew = 50 = 25 kW
2
At 1.5 time the rated speed by field control
P = constant
So P = 50 kW
Sol. 78 Option (C) is correct.
In synchronous machine, when the armature terminal are shorted the field current
should first be decreased to zero before started the alternator.
In open circuit the synchronous machine runs at rated synchronous speed. The
field current is gradually increased in steps.
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The short circuit ratio is the ratio of field current required to produced the rated
voltage on open to the rated armature current.
Sol. 79 Option (D) is correct.
In DC motor, E = PNf b Z l
A
or E = Kfwn
So armature emf E depends upon f and w only and torque developed depends
upon
PZfIa
T =
2pA
So, torque(T ) is depends of f and Ia and developed power(P ) is depend of flux
f, speed w and armature current Ia .
Sol. 80 Option ( ) is correct.
Sol. 81 Option (B) is correct.
Given a three-phase cage induction motor is started by direct on line switching at
rated voltage. The starting current drawn is 6 time the full load current.
Full load slip = 4%
So
TSt ISt 2
bTFl l = b I Fl l # S Fl
= (6) 2 # 0.04 = 1.44
Sol. 82 Option (B) is correct.
Given single-phase induction motor driving a fan load, the resistance rotor is high
So
Eb = V - Ia Ra ...(1)
Pmech = Ea Ia
t = Pmech ...(2)
wm
From equation (1) and (2) the high resistance of rotor then the motor achieves
quick acceleration and torque of starting is increase.
Sol. 83 Option (A) is correct.
Given V/f control of induction motor, the maximum developed torque remains
same
we have, E = 4.44Kw ffT1
1
If the stator voltage drop is neglected the terminal voltage E1 . To avoid saturation
and to minimize losses motor is operated at rated airgap flux by varying terminal
voltage with frequency. So as to maintain (V/f ) ratio constant at the rated value,
the magnetic flux is maintained almost constant at the rated value which keeps
maximum torque constant.
Sol. 84 Option (B) is correct.
Given P = 1000 kVA , 6.6 kV
Reactance = 20 W and neglecting the armature resistance at full load and unity
power factor
So P = 3 VL IL
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I = 1000 = 87.47 A
3 # 6. 6
E ph = 4.2 kV
EL = 3 E ph a Star connection
EL = 1.732 # 4.2 = 7.26 kV
Sol. 85 Option (C) is correct.
Torque angle az = tan- 1 b Xs l
Ra
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a E = V - IRa
So no load losses = (25 - 1.5 # 0.8) 1.5 = 35.7 W
At load condition I = 3.5 A
Iron losses = I2 R = (3.5) 2 # 0.8 = 9.8 W
Total losses = No load losses + iron losses
= 35.7 + 9.8 = 45.5 W
Total power P = VI
P = 25 # 3.5
P = 87.5 W
output
Efficiency =
input
total power - losses
h= = 87.5 - 45.5 # 100
total power 87.5
= 48.0%
Vin = 3300 V
Vout = 3300 + 230 = 3530 V
Output current I2 and output voltage 230 V
So
3
I2 = 50 # 10 = 217.4 A
230
When the output voltage is Vout then kVA rating of auto transformer will be
I2 = 3530 # 217.4
= 767.42 kVA
Sol. 96 Option (D) is correct.
Given that 100 kVA, 11000/400 V, Delta-star distribution transformer resistance
is 0.02 pu and reactance is 0.07 pu
So pu impedance Z pu = 0.02 + j0.07
Base impedance referred to primary
2
(11 # 103) 2
Z Base = V P = = 3630 W
VL IL /3 100 # 103
3
The phase impedance referred to primary
Z primary = Z pu # Z Base
= (0.02 + j0.07) (3630) = 72.6 + j254.1
Sol. 97 Option (A) is correct.
Given that
230 V, 50 Hz, 4-Pole, capacitor-start induction motor
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Zm = Rm + Xm = 6.0 + j4.0 W
ZA = RA + XA = 8.0 + j6.0 W
Phase angle of main winding
+Im = + - Zm =- + (6 + j4) =- +33.7c
So angle of the auxiliary winding when the capacitor is in series.
j
+IA =- + (8 + j6) + 1 = + (8 + j6) -
jwC wC
a = +I A - +I m
6- 1
So 90 =- tan >f
-1 wC p - (- 33.7)H
8
1 = 18 w = 2pf
wC
So C = 1 = 1
18 # 2pf 18 # 2 # 3.14 # 50
= 176.8 mF
Sol. 98 Option (A) is correct.
Given that the armature has per phase synchronous reactance of
1.7 W and two alternator is connected in parallel
So,
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120f
So Ns = = 120 # 50 = 1500 rpm
P 4
Actual speed = synchronous speed - slip
N = 1500 - 4 # 1500 = 1440 rpm
100
Torque developed T = P , where ws (1 - S) = 2pN
ws (1 - S) 60
3
= 15 # 10 # 60 = 99.47 Nm
2p # 1440
Sol. 100 Option (B) is correct.
Given 1.8c angle, 2-f Bipolar stepper motor and stepping rate is
100 step/second
So step required for one revolution
= 360 = 200 steps
1.8
a Time required for one revolution = 2 seconds
rev/sec = 0.5 rps
and rev/min = 30 rpm
Sol. 101 Option (C) is correct.
Given that:
P = 8 Pole, DC generator has wave-wound armature containing 32 coil of 6 turns
each. Simplex wave wound flux per pole is 0.06 Wb
N = 250 rpm
So induced armature voltage
fZNP
Eg =
60A
Z = total no.of armature conductor = 2CNC = 2 # 32 # 6 = 384
Eg = 0.06 # 250 # 3.84 # 8
60 # 2
a A = 2 for wave winding
Eg = 384 volt
Sol. 102 Option (C) is correct.
Given a 400 V, 50 Hz and 0.8 p.f. loading delta connection 50 Hz synchronous
machine, the reactance is 2 W. The friction and windage losses are 2 kW and core
losses is 0.8 kW and shaft is supply 9 kW at a 0.8 loading power factor
So
Input power = 9 kW + 2 kW + 0.8 kW = 11.8 kW
a Input power = 3 V2 I2 = 11.8 kW
I2 = 11.8 kW = 21.29 A
3 # 400 # 0.8
Sol. 103 Option (B) is correct.
Given that 500 MW, 3-f star connected synchronous generator has a rated
voltage of 21.5 kV and 0.85 Power factor
So 3 VL IL = 500 MW
IL = 500 # 106 = 15.79 # 103
3 # 21.5 # 103 # 0.85
IL = 15.79 kA
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Given open circuit and full-load zero power factor of a synchronous generator. At
point Q the zero power factor at 1.0 pu voltage. The voltage drop at point PQ is
across synchronous reactance.
Sol. 108 Option (D) is correct.
Given no load test on 3-f induction motor, the graph between the input power
and voltage drop is shown in figure, the intersection point yield the friction and
windage loss.
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and V1 = N1 = 4
V3 N3 1
V3 = 100 V
so current in secondary winding
I2 = V2 = 200 = 20 A
R 10
The current in third winding when the capacitor is connected
so I 3 = V3 = 100 = j40
- jXc - j2.5
When the secondary winding current I2 is referred to primary side i.e I 1'
So I 1' = N2 = 2
I2 N1 4
I 1' = 20 = 10 A
2
and winding third current I 3 is referred to Primary side i.e I 1'' . I 3 flows to opposite
to I1
So I 1'' = N 3 = 1
- I3 N1 4
I 1'' =- j10
So total current in primary winding is
I1 = I 1'' + I 2'' = 10 - j10 A
Sol. 113 Option (A) is correct.
Given that:
P Stator winding current is dc, rotor winding current is ac
Q Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is dc
R Stator winding current is ac, rotor winding current is ac
S Stator has salient pole and rotor has commutator
T Rotor has salient pole and slip rings and stator is cylindrical
U Both stator and rotor have poly-phase windings
So
DC motor/machines:
The stator winding is connected to dc supply and rotor winding flows ac current.
Stator is made of salient pole and Commutator is connected to the rotor so rotor
winding is supply ac power.
Induction machines:
In induction motor the ac supply is connected to stator winding and rotor and
stator are made of poly-phase windings.
Synchronous machines:
In this type machines the stator is connected to ac supply but rotor winding is
excited by dc supply. The rotor is made of both salient pole and slip rings and
stator is made of cylindrical.
Sol. 114 Option (C) is correct.
Given that
Fs is the peak value of stator mmf axis. Fr is the peak value of
rotor mmf axis. The rotor mmf lags stator mmf by space angle
d. The direction of torque acting on the rotor is clockwise or counter clockwise.
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When the opposite pole is produced in same half portion of stator and rotor
then the rotor moves. So portion of stator is north-pole in ABC and rotor abc is
produced south pole as well as portion surface CDA is produced south pole and
the rotor cda is produced North pole.
The torque direction of the rotor is clock wise and torque at surface is in counter
clockwise direction.
Sol. 115 Option (A) is correct.
Given that:
A 4-pole, 3-f, double layer winding has 36 slots stator with 60c phase spread, coil
span is 7 short pitched
so,
Pole pitch = slot = 36 = 9
pole 4
Slot/pole/phase = 3
so, 3-slots in one phase, if it is chorded by 2 slots then
Out of 3 " 2 have different phase
Out of 36 " 24 have different phase.
Sol. 116 Option (B) is correct.
Given that:
3-f induction motor is driving a constant load torque at rated voltage and
frequency. Voltage and frequency are halved and stator resistance, leakage
reactance and core losses are ignored.
Then the motor synchronous speed and actual speed difference are same.
120f
Ns =
P
The leakage reactance are ignored then the air gap flux remains same and the
stator resistance are ignored then the stator current remain same.
Sol. 117 Option (D) is correct.
Given that: 1-f induction motor main winding excited then the rotating field of
motor changes, the forward rotating field of motor is greater then the back ward
rotating field.
Sol. 118 Option (B) is correct.
Given that:
A dc series motor driving a constant power load running at rated speed and rated
voltage. It’s speed brought down 0.25 pu. Then
Emf equation of dc series motor
E = V - (Ra + Rse)
Ra + Rse = R
so, E = V - IR = KfN
then N = E
Kf
In series motor faI
so, N = V - IR
KI
At constant power load
E # I = T # W = Const ...(1)
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T = KfI = KI 2 ...(2)
If W is decreased then torque increases to maintain power constant.
T \ I2
W = 1 then T = 4
4
So current is increased 2 time and voltage brought down to 0.5 pu.
***********
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