Transport Layer Services

Transport Layer Services:
Here we discuss some services of Transport layer.
CONNECTION ORIENTED SERVICES:

Transport layer provides a connection oriented service to the upper layer. Before the transferring
of data, a virtual connection is established between source and destination, after all data is
transferred the connection is terminated. Transport layer providing stream oriented mechanism.
CONNECTIONLESS SERVICES:
Transport layer also provides a connection less service to the upper layers. There is no need to
establish a virtual connection between source and destination to transfer data. Connectionless
service is used for fast data transfer than connection oriented but when there is no congestion.
FLOW CONTROL:
Transport layer provide flow control mechanism, receiver of the data control the amount of data
that are to be send by the sender and this is done through Sliding Window or Go Back N. if the
receiver has buffer of 4kb and received 2kb unprocessed data so the receiver has the ability to
receive 2kb more.
ERROR CONTROL:
It is the responsibility of transport layer to provide error free data transmission. For error
controlling three simple tools Checksum, ACK and Timeout are used. Error control includes
mechanism for detecting lost, damaged or unordered and also duplicated segments. After errors
are detected, it includes methods for correcting them.
CONGESTION CONTROL:
Congestion control mechanism is used to control the entry of traffic on a link in order to avoid
congestion. For example, if the network cannot deliver the data as fast as the data created by the
sender or if the receiver is unable to receive, it must tell the sender to slow down.
RETRANSMISSION:
In this mechanism the transport layer provides the facility of retransmission. Those packets or
segments that are lost, corrupted are retransmitted OR if ACK is lost, times is out and also in case
of out of order delivery retransmission take place.
Transport Layer Protocols:

There are many Transport layer protocols but here we discuss a few protocols of Transport layer.
The Transport layer includes two major protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User
Datagram Protocol (UDP).
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) at the Transport Layer
help in data communication as .
1) An interface for network applications to access the network.

2) Provides means accepting data from different applications and directing that data to the recipient
application on the receiving device (Multiplexing). Same way, on the receiving device the data
need to be directed to the correct application, for that data was meant for (De-multiplexing).
3) Error checking, flow control, and verification. These two protocols work differently to achieve
these goals.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
TCP is a reliable protocol. TCP provides extensive error control and flow control to ensure the
successful delivery of data. TCP is called as a connection-oriented protocol.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

UDP is not a reliable protocol. There is no error checking features for UDP and is designed for
situations when extensive control features are not necessary. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is
called as a connectionless protocol.
Difference between Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram

Protocol (UDP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
1) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection oriented protocol, which means the
devices should open a connection before transmitting data and should close the connection
gracefully after transmitting the data.
2) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) assure reliable delivery of data to the destination.
3) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) protocol provides extensive error checking mechanisms
such as flow control and acknowledgment of data.
4) Sequencing of data is a feature of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
5) Delivery of data is guaranteed if you are using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
6) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is comparatively slow because of these extensive error
checking mechanisms
7) Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is possible in Transmission Control Protocol

(TCP) using TCP port numbers.
Diagram:
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
1) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is Datagram oriented protocol with no overhead for opening a
connection (using three-way handshake), maintaining a connection, and closing (terminating) a
connection.
2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is efficient for broadcast/multicast type of network

transmission.
3) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) has only the basic error checking mechanism using checksums.
4) There is no sequencing of data in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
5) The delivery of data cannot be guaranteed in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
6) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is faster, simpler and more efficient than TCP. However, User
Datagram Protocol (UDP) it is less robust then TCP
7) Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is possible in User Datagram Protocol (UDP) using UDP port
numbers.
8) There is no retransmission of lost packets in User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Multiplexing and Demultiplexing in Transport Layer:
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing services are provided in almost every protocol
architecture ever designed. UDP and TCP perform the demultiplexing and multiplexing
jobs by including two special fields in the segment headers: the source port number field
and the destination port number field.
Multiplexing:
Gathering data from multiple application processes of sender ,enveloping that data with
header and sending them as a whole to the intended receiver is called as multiplexing.
Demultiplexing:
Delivering received segments at receiver side to the correct app layer processes is called
as demultiplexing.
How Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is done:
For sending data from an application at sender side to an application at the destination
side, sender must know the IP address of destination and port number of the application
(at the destination side) to which he want to transfer the data.
References:
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/computer-network-multiplexing-demultiplexing-transport-layer/
http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/differences-between-tcp-and-udp.php
file:///Y:/2.pdf

Transport Layer Services

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Transport Layer Services:

Here we discuss some services of Transport layer.

CONNECTION ORIENTED SERVICES:

Transport Layer Protocols:

1) An interface for network applications to access the network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

Difference between Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram

4) Sequencing of data is a feature of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

7) Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is possible in Transmission Control Protocol

2) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is efficient for broadcast/multicast type of network

4) There is no sequencing of data in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

5) The delivery of data cannot be guaranteed in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

8) There is no retransmission of lost packets in User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

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