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TITLE: THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS AND
COMMUNICATIONS
NAME: NURFARHANA BT. RAMLEE
IC NO: 931227-13-5942
INDEX NO: BK061A058
GROUP MEMBER: KHUSYAIRIE EZAM B. MAZLAN
1.0 Introduction
The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information

from one 1 point to another point inside the network. The information can be stored in a
device in the network such as a personal computer and it can also be generated live
outside the network such as a speech or could be generated by a process on another piece
of information like automatic sales transactions at the end of a business day. The device
does not necessarily have to be a computer; it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a
printer in the network. Due to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the
fact that each type of information has its own conditions for intelligibility, the computer
network has evolved into a highly complex system. Specialized knowledge from many
areas of science and engineering goes into the design of networks. It is practically
impossible for a single area of science or engineering to be entirely responsible for the
design of all the components. Therefore, a study of computer networks branches into
many areas as we go up from fundamentals to the advanced levels.
2.0 Mobile Computing
2.1 Definition
Mobile computing is using a computing device while in transit. Mobile computing
implies wireless transmission, but wireless transmission does not necessarily
imply mobile computing. It is a generic term describing one's ability to use
technology while moving, as opposed to portable computers, which are only
practical for use while deployed in a stationary configuration. Fixed wireless
applications use satellites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent
objects such as buildings and towers.
2.2 Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

iPhone 3Gs
2.2.1 Specifications 2.2.2 Services 2.2.3 Frequencies
- General: 2G Network GSM - Data GPRS - 3G HSDPA, 7.2 Mbps

850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - EDGE - WLAN Wi-Fi: 802.11 Hz
- 3G Network: HSDPA 850 / - 3G HSDPA - Bluetooth: v2.1 with A2DP
1900 / 2100 - WLAN Wi-Fi - Features OS: iPhone OS
- Size Dimensions: 115.5 x - Bluetooth (based on Mac OS) CPU
62.1 x 12.3 mm ARM Cortex A8 600 MHz
- USB: v2.0
- Weight: 135 g
- Features OS: iPhone OS
- Display Type: TFT (based on Mac OS) CPU
capacitive touchscreen, 16M ARM Cortex A8 600 MHz
colors
- PowerVR SGX graphics
- Size: 320 x 480 pixels, 3.5”
- Messaging: SMS (threaded
- Multi-touch input method view)
- Accelerometer sensor for - MMS
auto-rotate
- Email
- Proximity sensor for auto
- Browser: HTML (Safari)
turn-off
- Games: Downloadable, incl.
- Scratch-resistant surface
motion-based
- Speakerphone: 3.5 mm
- GPS: A-GPS support
headset jack
- Digital compass
- Internal: 16 GB/ 32 GB
storage, 256 MB RAM - Google Maps
- Camera Primary: 3.15 MP, - Audio/video player
2048x1536 pixels - TV-out
- Video: VGA@30fps, video - Voice command/dial
geo-tagging
- Battery: Standard battery, Li-
Ion
3.0 Internet Technology and Services
3.1 VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission
technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP (internet protocol)
networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks. Other terms
frequently encountered and synonymous with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet
telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband
phone. Example of VoIP adapter setup is in residential network.
3.2 BLOG
A blog (a contraction of the term "web log") is a type of website, usually
maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of
events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly
displayed in reverse-chronological order.
4.0 Types of Network
4.1 PAN
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication

among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants)
close to one's person. The devices may or may not belong to the person in
question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for
communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal
communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet.
Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and
FireWire.
4.2 VPN
A virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public
telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices
or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. A virtual
private network can be contrasted with an expensive system of owned or leased
lines that can only be used by one organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide
the organization with the same capabilities, but at a much lower cost.
4.3 WLAN
A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a wireless local area network that links two or more
computers or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology
based to enable communication between devices in a limited area. This gives
users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage area and still be
connected to the network.
4.4 WIMAX
WiMAX, meaning Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a
telecommunications technology that provides wireless transmission of data using
a variety of transmission modes, from point-to-multipoint links to portable and
fully mobile internet access. The technology provides up to 3 Mbit/s broadband
speeds without the need for cables. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.16
standard (also called Broadband Wireless Access). The name "WiMAX" was
created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to promote
conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX as
"a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless
broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".
5.0 Conclusion
We can conclude that computer networks and communication makes our life easier in
which it enables us to communicate over long distances, wide coverage area and
unlimited access.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_Internet_Protocol
http://oranggila.dagdigdug.com/category/computer-science/page/files/2008/11/voip-
overview.gif
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network
http://www.pan.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_network
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/vpn.htm
http://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid200_gci213324,00.html
http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/wirelessproducts/g/bldef_wlan.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/wimax.htm
http://www.wimax.com/education
http://oranggila.dagdigdug.com/category/computer-science/page/3/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network
http://www.nos.org/htm/funda4.htm
http://www.gsmarena.com/apple_iphone_3gs-2826.php

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TITLE: THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN NETWORKS AND

The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information

2.0 Mobile Computing

2.2 Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

- General: 2G Network GSM - Data GPRS - 3G HSDPA, 7.2 Mbps

4.0 Types of Network

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication

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