Meguiars D300, DA Microfiber Correction Compound (21-49D) : D30001, D30016

Meguiars D300, DA Microfiber Correction Compound (21-49D): D30001, D30016
Motor Active Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 2

Chemwatch: 48-8077 Issue Date: 09/09/2015
Version No: 3.1.1.1 Print Date: 23/08/2016
Safety Data Sheet according to WHS and ADG requirements L.GHS.AUS.EN
SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING
Product Identifier
Product name Meguiars D300, DA Microfiber Correction Compound (21-49D): D30001, D30016
Synonyms Not Available
Other means of
Not Available
identification
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Use according to manufacturer's directions.
Relevant identified uses
Automotive: Removes scratches and surface paint blemishes.
Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Registered company name Motor Active
Address 35 Slough Business Park, Holker Street Silverwater NSW 2128 Australia
Telephone +61 2 9737 9422|1800 350 622
Fax +61 2 9737 9414
Website www.motoractive.com.au
Email [email protected]
Emergency telephone number

Association / Organisation MotorActive
Emergency telephone
+61 2 9737 9422 (For General Information Monday to Friday 8:30am to 5:pm)
numbers
Other emergency telephone
13 11 26 (In Case of Emergency contact: Poison Information Hotline)
numbers
SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance or mixture
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL. NON-DANGEROUS GOODS. According to the WHS Regulations and the ADG Code.
CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS

Min Max
Flammability 1
Toxicity 2 0 = Minimum
Body Contact 2 1 = Low
2 = Moderate
Reactivity 0 3 = High
Chronic 2 4 = Extreme
Poisons Schedule Not Applicable

Flammable Liquid Category 4, Skin Sensitizer Category 1, Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2, Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure Category 2,
Classification [1]
Aspiration Hazard Category 1
Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HSIS ; 3. Classification drawn from EC Directive 1272/2008 - Annex VI
Label elements
GHS label elements
SIGNAL WORD DANGER
Hazard statement(s)
H227 Combustible liquid
Continued...
Chemwatch: 48-8077 Page 2 of 19 Issue Date: 09/09/2015
H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects.
H373 May cause damage to organs.
H304 May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

P201 Obtain special instructions before use.
P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. - No smoking.
P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.
P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
Precautionary statement(s) Response

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P331 Do NOT induce vomiting.
P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
P370+P378 In case of fire: Use alcohol resistant foam or normal protein foam for extinction.
P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.
P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
Precautionary statement(s) Storage

P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
P405 Store locked up.
Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.
SECTION 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Substances
See section below for composition of Mixtures
Mixtures
CAS No %[weight] Name
1344-28-1. 10-30 aluminium oxide
64742-88-7 7-13 solvent naphtha petroleum, medium aliphatic
64742-46-7. 5-10 distillates, petroleum, middle, hydrotreated
56-81-5 1-5 glycerol
63148-62-9 1-5 polydimethylsiloxane
25956-17-6 0.5-1.5 C.I. Food Red 17 - disodium salt
102-71-6 0.5-1.5 triethanolamine
7732-18-5 50-70 water
SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES
Description of first aid measures

If this product comes in contact with the eyes:
Wash out immediately with fresh running water.
Eye Contact Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids.
Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention.
Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.
If skin contact occurs:
Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
Skin Contact
Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available).
Seek medical attention in event of irritation.
If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area.
Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested.
Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures.
Inhalation
Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if
necessary.
Transport to hospital, or doctor.
Continued...
If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.

If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration.
Observe the patient carefully.
Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious.
Ingestion
Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.
Seek medical advice.
Avoid giving milk or oils.
Avoid giving alcohol.
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

For acute or short term repeated exposures to petroleum distillates or related hydrocarbons:
Primary threat to life, from pure petroleum distillate ingestion and/or inhalation, is respiratory failure.
Patients should be quickly evaluated for signs of respiratory distress (e.g. cyanosis, tachypnoea, intercostal retraction, obtundation) and given oxygen. Patients with inadequate tidal volumes or
poor arterial blood gases (pO2 50 mm Hg) should be intubated.
Arrhythmias complicate some hydrocarbon ingestion and/or inhalation and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial injury has been reported; intravenous lines and cardiac monitors should
be established in obviously symptomatic patients. The lungs excrete inhaled solvents, so that hyperventilation improves clearance.
A chest x-ray should be taken immediately after stabilisation of breathing and circulation to document aspiration and detect the presence of pneumothorax.
Epinephrine (adrenalin) is not recommended for treatment of bronchospasm because of potential myocardial sensitisation to catecholamines. Inhaled cardioselective bronchodilators (e.g.
Alupent, Salbutamol) are the preferred agents, with aminophylline a second choice.
Lavage is indicated in patients who require decontamination; ensure use of cuffed endotracheal tube in adult patients. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]
Any material aspirated during vomiting may produce lung injury. Therefore emesis should not be induced mechanically or pharmacologically. Mechanical means should be used if it is considered
necessary to evacuate the stomach contents; these include gastric lavage after endotracheal intubation. If spontaneous vomiting has occurred after ingestion, the patient should be monitored for
difficult breathing, as adverse effects of aspiration into the lungs may be delayed up to 48 hours.
Treat symptomatically.
Manifestation of aluminium toxicity include hypercalcaemia, anaemia, Vitamin D refractory osteodystrophy and a progressive encephalopathy (mixed dysarthria-apraxia of speech, asterixis,
tremulousness, myoclonus, dementia, focal seizures). Bone pain, pathological fractures and proximal myopathy can occur.
Symptoms usually develop insidiously over months to years (in chronic renal failure patients) unless dietary aluminium loads are excessive.
Serum aluminium levels above 60 ug/ml indicate increased absorption. Potential toxicity occurs above 100 ug/ml and clinical symptoms are present when levels exceed 200 ug/ml.
Deferoxamine has been used to treat dialysis encephalopathy and osteomalacia. CaNa2EDTA is less effective in chelating aluminium.
[Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology]
Periodic medical surveillance should be carried out on persons in occupations exposed to the manufacture or bulk handling of the product and this should include hepatic function tests and
urinalysis examination. [ILO Encyclopaedia]
SECTION 5 FIREFIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
The product contains a substantial proportion of water, therefore there are no restrictions on the type of extinguishing media which may be used. Choice of extinguishing media should take into
account surrounding areas.
Though the material is non-combustible, evaporation of water from the mixture, caused by the heat of nearby fire, may produce floating layers of combustible substances.
In such an event consider:
foam.
dry chemical powder.
carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Fire Incompatibility None known.
Advice for firefighters

Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.
Fire Fighting
Avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.
DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot.
Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location.
If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire.
Combustible.
Slight fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.
On combustion, may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).
Fire/Explosion Hazard May emit acrid smoke.
Mists containing combustible materials may be explosive.
Combustion products include:carbon dioxide (CO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic materialWhen aluminium oxide
dust is dispersed in air, firefighters should wear protection against inhalation of dust particles, which can also contain hazardous substances from the fire
absorbed on the alumina particles.May emit poisonous fumes.
SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

See section 8
Environmental precautions
See section 12
Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

Remove all ignition sources.
Clean up all spills immediately.
Minor Spills Avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes.
Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment.
Continued...
Contain and absorb spill with sand, earth, inert material or vermiculite.
Wipe up.
Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal.
Chemical Class: aromatic hydrocarbons
For release onto land: recommended sorbents listed in order of priority.
SORBENT
RANK APPLICATION COLLECTION LIMITATIONS
TYPE
LAND SPILL - SMALL
Feathers - pillow 1 throw pitchfork DGC, RT

cross-linked polymer - particulate 2 shovel shovel R,W,SS
cross-linked polymer- pillow 2 throw pitchfork R, DGC, RT
sorbent clay - particulate 3 shovel shovel R, I, P,
treated clay/ treated natural organic - particulate 3 shovel shovel R, I
wood fibre - pillow 4 throw pitchfork R, P, DGC, RT
LAND SPILL - MEDIUM
cross-linked polymer -particulate 1 blower skiploader R, W, SS

treated clay/ treated natural organic - particulate 2 blower skiploader R, I
sorbent clay - particulate 3 blower skiploader R, I, P
polypropylene - particulate 3 blower skiploader W, SS, DGC
feathers - pillow 3 throw skiploader DGC, RT
Major Spills
expanded mineral - particulate 4 blower skiploader R, I, W, P, DGC
Legend
DGC: Not effective where ground cover is dense
R; Not reusable
I: Not incinerable
P: Effectiveness reduced when rainy
RT:Not effective where terrain is rugged
SS: Not for use within environmentally sensitive sites
W: Effectiveness reduced when windy
Reference: Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Cleanup and Control;
R.W Melvold et al: Pollution Technology Review No. 150: Noyes Data Corporation 1988
Moderate hazard.
Clear area of personnel and move upwind.
Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard.
Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water course.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
Increase ventilation.
Stop leak if safe to do so.
Contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite.
Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling.
Absorb remaining product with sand, earth or vermiculite.
Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal.
Wash area and prevent runoff into drains.
If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.
Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.
SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE
Precautions for safe handling

The conductivity of this material may make it a static accumulator., A liquid is typically considered nonconductive if its conductivity is below 100 pS/m and is
considered semi-conductive if its conductivity is below 10 000 pS/m., Whether a liquid is nonconductive or semi-conductive, the precautions are the same., A
number of factors, for example liquid temperature, presence of contaminants, and anti-static additives can greatly influence the conductivity of a liquid.
Containers, even those that have been emptied, may contain explosive vapours.
Do NOT cut, drill, grind, weld or perform similar operations on or near containers.
DO NOT allow clothing wet with material to stay in contact with skin
Electrostatic discharge may be generated during pumping - this may result in fire.
Ensure electrical continuity by bonding and grounding (earthing) all equipment.
Restrict line velocity during pumping in order to avoid generation of electrostatic discharge (<=1 m/sec until fill pipe submerged to twice its diameter, then
<= 7 m/sec).
Avoid splash filling.
Safe handling Do NOT use compressed air for filling discharging or handling operations.
Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation.
Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs.
Use in a well-ventilated area.
Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps.
DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked.
DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials.
When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke.
Keep containers securely sealed when not in use.
Avoid physical damage to containers.
Always wash hands with soap and water after handling.
Continued...
Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
Use good occupational work practice.
Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.
Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained.
Store in original containers.
Keep containers securely sealed.
No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources.
Other information Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers.
Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.
Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

Metal can or drum
Suitable container Packaging as recommended by manufacturer.
Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks.
Avoid reaction with oxidising agents
Storage incompatibility
Avoid strong acids, bases.
SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION
Control parameters
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OEL)

INGREDIENT DATA
Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes
Australia Exposure Standards aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide 10 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available Not Available
Australia Exposure Standards solvent naphtha petroleum, medium aliphatic White spirits 790 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available Not Available
Australia Exposure Standards distillates, petroleum, middle, hydrotreated Oil mist, refined mineral 5 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available Not Available
Australia Exposure Standards glycerol Glycerin mist 10 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available Not Available
Australia Exposure Standards triethanolamine Triethanolamine 5 mg/m3 Not Available Not Available Sen
EMERGENCY LIMITS
Ingredient Material name TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3
aluminium oxide Aluminum oxide; (Alumina) 1.5 mg/m3 15 mg/m3 25 mg/m3
solvent naphtha petroleum,
Solvent naphtha, petroleum, medium aliphatic; (Mineral spirits, naphtha) 0.32 mg/m3 3.5 mg/m3 21 mg/m3
medium aliphatic
Stoddard solvent; (Mineral spirits, 85% nonane and 15% trimethyl benzene) 100 ppm 350 ppm 29500 ppm
medium aliphatic
distillates, petroleum, middle,
Hydrotreated middle distillate (Petroleum base oil) 0.23 mg/m3 2.5 mg/m3 15 mg/m3
hydrotreated
glycerol Glycerine (mist); (Glycerol; Glycerin) 30 mg/m3 310 mg/m3 2500 mg/m3
polydimethylsiloxane Dimethyl siloxane; (Dimethylpolysiloxane; Syltherm XLT; Syltherm 800; Silicone 360) 1.5 mg/m3 16 mg/m3 990 mg/m3
triethanolamine Triethanolamine; (Trihydroxytriethylamine) 15 mg/m3 51 mg/m3 1100 mg/m3
Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH

aluminium oxide Not Available Not Available
29,500 mg/m3 20,000 mg/m3
medium aliphatic
distillates, petroleum, middle,
Not Available Not Available
hydrotreated
glycerol Not Available Not Available
polydimethylsiloxane Not Available Not Available
C.I. Food Red 17 - disodium
Not Available Not Available
salt
triethanolamine Not Available Not Available
water Not Available Not Available
MATERIAL DATA
For aluminium oxide and pyrophoric grades of aluminium:
Twenty seven year experience with aluminium oxide dust (particle size 96% 1,2 um) without adverse effects either systemically or on the lung, and at a calculated concentration equivalent to 2
mg/m3 over an 8-hour shift has lead to the current recommendation of the TLV-TWA.
The limit should also apply to aluminium pyro powders whose toxicity is reportedly greater than aluminium dusts and should be protective against lung changes.
For aluminium oxide:

The experimental and clinical data indicate that aluminium oxide acts as an "inert" material when inhaled and seems to have little effect on the lungs nor does it produce significant organic disease
or toxic effects when exposures are kept under reasonable control.
[Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values], ACGIH, Sixth Edition
for benzene
Odour Threshold Value: 34 ppm (detection), 97 ppm (recognition)
NOTE: Detector tubes for benzene, measuring in excess of 0.5 ppm, are commercially available. The relative quality of epidemiological data and quantitative health risk assessments related to
documented and theoretical leukaemic deaths constitute the basis of the TLV-recommendation.
One study [Dow Chemical] demonstrates a significant fourfold increase in myelogenous leukaemia for workers exposed to average benzene concentrations of about 5 ppm for an average of 9 years
Continued...
and that 2 out of four individuals in the study who died from leukaemia were characterised as having been exposed to average benzene levels below 2 ppm. Based on such findings the estimated risk
of leukaemia in workers exposed at daily benzene concentrations of 10 ppm for 40 years is 155 times that of unexposed workers; at 1 ppm the risk falls to 1.7 times whilst at 0.1 ppm the risk is about
the same in the two groups. A revision of the TLV-TWA to 0.1 ppm was proposed in 1990 but this has been revised upwards as result of industry initiatives.
Typical toxicities displayed following inhalation:
At 25 ppm (8 hours): no effect
50-150 ppm: signs of intoxication within 5 hours
500-1500 ppm: signs of intoxication within 1 hour
7500 ppm: severe intoxication within 30-60 minutes
20000 ppm: fatal within 5-10 minutes
Some jurisdictions require that health surveillance be conducted on occupationally exposed workers. Some surveillance should emphasise (i) demography, occupational and medical history and
health advice (ii) baseline blood sample for haematological profile (iii) records of personal exposure.
for triethanolamine:
Exposure at or below the TLV-TWA is thought to minimise the potential for skin and eye irritation, and acute effects (including liver, kidney and nerve damage) and chronic effects (including cancer
and allergic contact dermatitis).
Odour Safety Factor (OSF)
OSF=0.77 (triethanolamine)
NOTE M: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.005% w/w benzo[a]pyrene (EINECS No 200-028-5). This note applies only to
certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex IV.
European Union (EU) List of harmonised classification and labelling hazardous substances, Table 3.1, Annex VI, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) - up to
the latest ATP
NOTE N: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if the full refining history is known and it can be shown that the substance from which it is produced is not a carcinogen. This note
applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex VI.
the latest ATP
NOTE P: The classification as a carcinogen need not apply if it can be shown that the substance contains less than 0.01% w/w benzene (EINECS No 200-753-7). Note E shall also apply when the
substance is classified as a carcinogen. This note applies only to certain complex oil-derived substances in Annex VI.
the latest ATP
Exposure controls
Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly
effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection.
The basic types of engineering controls are:
Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and
"removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match
the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.
Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.
Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection.
Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection.
An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations.
Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in
turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant.
Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:

0.25-0.5 m/s (50-100
solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air).
f/min.)
aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, welding, spray drift, plating 0.5-1 m/s (100-200
Appropriate engineering acid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active generation) f/min.)
controls
direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas discharge (active generation into 1-2.5 m/s (200-500
zone of rapid air motion) f/min.)
grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial velocity into zone of very high rapid 2.5-10 m/s (500-2000
air motion). f/min.)
Within each range the appropriate value depends on:
Lower end of the range Upper end of the range

1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents
2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity
3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use
4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only
Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square
of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to
distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of
solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction
apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used.
Personal protection
Safety glasses with side shields.

Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of
Eye and face protection lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be
readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed
at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH
Continued...
Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]

Skin protection See Hand protection below
Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC.
Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber
NOTE:
The material may produce skin sensitisation in predisposed individuals. Care must be taken, when removing gloves and other protective equipment, to avoid
all possible skin contact.
Contaminated leather items, such as shoes, belts and watch-bands should be removed and destroyed.
The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where
the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior
to the application.
The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and.has to be observed when making a final
choice.
Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include:
Hands/feet protection frequency and duration of contact,
chemical resistance of glove material,
glove thickness and
dexterity
Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent).
When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes
according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS
2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended.
Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use.
Contaminated gloves should be replaced.
Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is
recommended.
Body protection See Other protection below
Overalls.
P.V.C. apron.
Other protection Barrier cream.
Skin cleansing cream.
Eye wash unit.
Thermal hazards Not Available
Recommended material(s) Respiratory protection

GLOVE SELECTION INDEX Type AK-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI
Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: Z88 or national equivalent)
"Forsberg Clothing Performance Index". Where the concentration of gas/particulates in the breathing zone, approaches or exceeds the
The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the computer- "Exposure Standard" (or ES), respiratory protection is required.
generated selection: Degree of protection varies with both face-piece and Class of filter; the nature of protection
Meguiars D300, DA Microfiber Correction Compound (21-49D): D30001, D30016 varies with Type of filter.
Material CPI Required Minimum Half-Face Full-Face Powered Air

NATURAL RUBBER C Protection Factor Respirator Respirator Respirator
AK-PAPR-AUS /
* CPI - Chemwatch Performance Index up to 10 x ES AK-AUS P2 -
Class 1 P2
A: Best Selection
B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion AK-AUS / Class
up to 50 x ES - -
C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion 1 P2
NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, a final up to 100 x ES - AK-2 P2 AK-PAPR-2 P2 ^
selection must be based on detailed observation. -
* Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, factors such as ^ - Full-face
"feel" or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice of gloves which might otherwise A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas or hydrogen
be unsuitable following long-term or frequent use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted. cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G =
Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB =
Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling point organic compounds(below 65 degC)
Cartridge respirators should never be used for emergency ingress or in areas of unknown
vapour concentrations or oxygen content. The wearer must be warned to leave the contaminated
area immediately on detecting any odours through the respirator. The odour may indicate that
the mask is not functioning properly, that the vapour concentration is too high, or that the mask
is not properly fitted. Because of these limitations, only restricted use of cartridge respirators is
considered appropriate.
SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance Red creamy viscous lotion with a sweet odour; moderately miscible with water.
Physical state Liquid Relative density (Water = 1) 1.18

Partition coefficient
Odour Not Available Not Available
n-octanol / water
Auto-ignition temperature
Odour threshold Not Available Not Available
(°C)
Decomposition
pH (as supplied) 8.2-8.8 Not Available
temperature
Melting point / freezing
Not Available Viscosity (cSt) Not Available
point (°C)
Continued...
Initial boiling point and

193 Molecular weight (g/mol) Not Applicable
boiling range (°C)
Flash point (°C) >=93 (PMCC) Taste Not Available
Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available
Flammability Not Applicable Oxidising properties Not Available
Surface Tension (dyn/cm or
Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Not Available
mN/m)
Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Available Volatile Component (%vol) VOC = 11% (by wt)
Vapour pressure (kPa) Not Available Gas group Not Available
Solubility in water (g/L) Partly miscible pH as a solution (1%) Not Available
Vapour density (Air = 1) Not Available VOC g/L Not Available
SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Reactivity See section 7

Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials.
Chemical stability Product is considered stable.
Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
Possibility of hazardous
See section 7
reactions
Conditions to avoid See section 7
Incompatible materials See section 7
Hazardous decomposition
See section 5
products
SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Information on toxicological effects

Inhalation of vapours may cause drowsiness and dizziness. This may be accompanied by narcosis, reduced alertness, loss of reflexes, lack of coordination and
vertigo.
Inhalation of vapours or aerosols (mists, fumes), generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the
individual.
Limited evidence or practical experience suggests that the material may produce irritation of the respiratory system, in a significant number of individuals,
following inhalation. In contrast to most organs, the lung is able to respond to a chemical insult by first removing or neutralising the irritant and then repairing
the damage. The repair process, which initially evolved to protect mammalian lungs from foreign matter and antigens, may however, produce further lung
damage resulting in the impairment of gas exchange, the primary function of the lungs. Respiratory tract irritation often results in an inflammatory response
involving the recruitment and activation of many cell types, mainly derived from the vascular system.
The acute toxicity of inhaled alkylbenzenes is best described by central nervous system depression. As a rule, these compounds may also act as general
anaesthetics.
Inhaled Systemic poisoning produced by general anaesthesia is characterised by lightheadedness, nervousness, apprehension, euphoria, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting and sensations of heat, cold or numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, unconsciousness and
respiratory depression and arrest. Cardiac arrest may result from cardiovascular collapse. Bradycardia, and hypotension may also be produced.
Inhaled alkylbenzene vapours cause death in animals at air levels that are relatively similar (typically LC50s are in the range 5000 -8000 ppm for 4 to 8 hour
exposures). It is likely that acute inhalation exposure to alkylbenzenes resembles that to general anaesthetics.
Alkylbenzenes are not generally toxic other than at high levels of exposure. This may be because their metabolites have a low order of toxicity and are easily
excreted. There is little or no evidence to suggest that metabolic pathways can become saturated leading to spillover to alternate pathways. Nor is there
evidence that toxic reactive intermediates, which may produce subsequent toxic or mutagenic effects, are formed
Acute effects from inhalation of high concentrations of vapour are pulmonary irritation, including coughing, with nausea; central nervous system depression -
characterised by headache and dizziness, increased reaction time, fatigue and loss of co-ordination
Central nervous system (CNS) depression may include nonspecific discomfort, symptoms of giddiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, anaesthetic effects,
slowed reaction time, slurred speech and may progress to unconsciousness. Serious poisonings may result in respiratory depression and may be fatal.
Swallowing of the liquid may cause aspiration of vomit into the lungs with the risk of haemorrhaging, pulmonary oedema, progressing to chemical pneumonitis;
serious consequences may result.
Signs and symptoms of chemical (aspiration) pneumonitis may include coughing, gasping, choking, burning of the mouth, difficult breathing, and bluish
Ingestion
coloured skin (cyanosis).
Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual.
Acute toxic responses to aluminium are confined to the more soluble forms.
The liquid may be miscible with fats or oils and may degrease the skin, producing a skin reaction described as non-allergic contact dermatitis. The material is
unlikely to produce an irritant dermatitis as described in EC Directives .
Skin Contact Repeated exposure may cause skin cracking, flaking or drying following normal handling and use.
Contact with aluminas (aluminium oxides) may produce a form of irritant dermatitis accompanied by pruritus.
Though considered non-harmful, slight irritation may result from contact because of the abrasive nature of the aluminium oxide particles.
Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material
Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or may produce significant
ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of experimental animals.
Eye Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis);
temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur.
Instillation of isoparaffins into rabbit eyes produces only slight irritation.
Strong evidence exists that the substance may cause irreversible but non-lethal mutagenic effects following a single exposure.
Practical experience shows that skin contact with the material is capable either of inducing a sensitisation reaction in a substantial number of individuals, and/or
of producing a positive response in experimental animals.
Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation.
Chronic
Serious damage (clear functional disturbance or morphological change which may have toxicological significance) is likely to be caused by repeated or
prolonged exposure. As a rule the material produces, or contains a substance which produces severe lesions. Such damage may become apparent following
direct application in subchronic (90 day) toxicity studies or following sub-acute (28 day) or chronic (two-year) toxicity tests.
Continued...
Exposure to the material may cause concerns for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects, generally on the basis that results in appropriate animal
studies provide strong suspicion of developmental toxicity in the absence of signs of marked maternal toxicity, or at around the same dose levels as other toxic
effects but which are not a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects.
Exposure to the material may result in a possible risk of irreversible effects. The material may produce mutagenic effects in man. This concern is raised,
generally, on the basis of
appropriate studies using mammalian somatic cells in vivo. Such findings are often supported by positive results from in vitro mutagenicity studies.
Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems.
Chronic exposure to aluminas (aluminium oxides) of particle size 1.2 microns did not produce significant systemic or respiratory system effects in workers.
When hydrated aluminas were injected intratracheally, they produced dense and numerous nodules of advanced fibrosis in rats, a reticulin network with
occasional collagen fibres in mice and guinea pigs, and only a slight reticulin network in rabbits. Shaver's disease, a rapidly progressive and often fatal
interstitial fibrosis of the lungs, is associated with a process involving the fusion of bauxite (aluminium oxide) with iron, coke and silica at 2000 deg. C.
The weight of evidence suggests that catalytically active alumina and the large surface area aluminas can induce lung fibrosis(aluminosis) in experimental
animals, but only when given by the intra-tracheal route. The pertinence of such experiments in relation to workplace exposure is doubtful especially since it has
been demonstrated that the most reactive of the aluminas (i.e. the chi and gamma forms), when given by inhalation, are non-fibrogenic in experimental animals.
However rats exposed by inhalation to refractory aluminium fibre showed mild fibrosis and possibly carcinogenic effects indicating that fibrous aluminas might
exhibit different toxicology to non-fibrous forms. Aluminium oxide fibres administered by the intrapleural route produce clear evidence of carcinogenicity.
Saffil fibre an artificially produced form alumina fibre used as refractories, consists of over 95% alumina, 3-4 % silica. Animal tests for fibrogenic, carcinogenic
potential and oral toxicity have included in-vitro, intraperitoneal injection, intrapleural injection, inhalation, and feeding. The fibre has generally been inactive in
animal studies. Also studies of Saffil dust clouds show very low respirable fraction.
There is general agreement that particle size determines that the degree of pathogenicity (the ability of a micro-organism to produce infectious disease) of
elementary aluminium, or its oxides or hydroxides when they occur as dusts, fumes or vapours. Only those particles small enough to enter the alveolii (sub 5 um)
are able to produce pathogenic effects in the lungs.
Occupational exposure to aluminium compounds may produce asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Long-term overexposure may
produce dyspnoea, cough, pneumothorax, variable sputum production and nodular interstitial fibrosis; death has been reported. Chronic interstitial pneumonia
with severe cavitations in the right upper lung and small cavities in the remaining lung tissue, have been observed in gross pathology. Shaver's Disease may
result from occupational exposure to fumes or dusts; this may produce respiratory distress and fibrosis with large blebs. Animal studies produce no indication
that aluminium or its compounds are carcinogenic.
Because aluminium competes with calcium for absorption, increased amounts of dietary aluminium may contribute to the reduced skeletal mineralisation
(osteopenia) observed in preterm infants and infants with growth retardation. In very high doses, aluminium can cause neurotoxicity, and is associated with
altered function of the blood-brain barrier. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders,
vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium, such as deodorants or antacids. In those without allergies, aluminium
is not as toxic as heavy metals, but there is evidence of some toxicity if it is consumed in excessive amounts. Although the use of aluminium cookware has not
been shown to lead to aluminium toxicity in general, excessive consumption of antacids containing aluminium compounds and excessive use of aluminium-
containing antiperspirants provide more significant exposure levels. Studies have shown that consumption of acidic foods or liquids with aluminium significantly
increases aluminium absorption, and maltol has been shown to increase the accumulation of aluminium in nervous and osseus tissue. Furthermore, aluminium
increases oestrogen-related gene expression in human breast cancer cells cultured in the laboratory These salts' estrogen-like effects have led to their
classification as a metalloestrogen.Some researchers have expressed concerns that the aluminium in antiperspirants may increase the risk of breast cancer.
After absorption, aluminium distributes to all tissues in animals and humans and accumulates in some, in particular bone. The main carrier of the aluminium ion
in plasma is the iron binding protein, transferrin. Aluminium can enter the brain and reach the placenta and foetus. Aluminium may persist for a very long time in
various organs and tissues before it is excreted in the urine. Although retention times for aluminium appear to be longer in humans than in rodents, there is little
information allowing extrapolation from rodents to the humans.
At high levels of exposure, some aluminium compounds may produce DNA damage in vitro and in vivo via indirect mechanisms. The database on
carcinogenicity of aluminium compounds is limited. No indication of any carcinogenic potential was obtained in mice given aluminium potassium sulphate at
high levels in the diet.
Aluminium has shown neurotoxicity in patients undergoing dialysis and thereby chronically exposed parenterally to high concentrations of aluminium. It has been
suggested that aluminium is implicated in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease and associated with other neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However,
these hypotheses remain controversial. Several compounds containing aluminium have the potential to produce neurotoxicity (mice, rats) and to affect the male
reproductive system (dogs). In addition, after maternal exposure they have shown embryotoxicity (mice) and have affected the developing nervous system in the
offspring (mice, rats). The available studies have a number of limitations and do not allow any dose-response relationships to be established. The combined
evidence from several studies in mice, rats and dogs that used dietary administration of aluminium compounds produce lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels
(LOAELs) for effects on neurotoxicity, testes, embryotoxicity, and the developing nervous system of 52, 75, 100, and 50 mg aluminium/kg bw/day, respectively.
Similarly, the lowest no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) for effects on these endpoints were reported at 30, 27, 100, and for effects on the developing
nervous system, between 10 and 42 mg aluminium/kg bw per day, respectively.
Controversy exists over whether aluminium is the cause of degenerative brain disease (Alzheimer's disease or AD). Several epidemiological studies show a
possible correlation between the incidence of AD and high levels of aluminium in drinking water. A study in Toronto, for example, found a 2.6 times increased
risk in people residing for at least 10 years in communities where drinking water contained more than 0.15 mg/l aluminium compared with communities where
the aluminium level was lower than 0.1 mg/l. A neurochemical model has been suggested linking aluminium exposure to brain disease. Aluminium concentrates
in brain regions, notably the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and amygdala where it preferentially binds to large pyramid-shaped cells - it does not bind to a
substantial degree to the smaller interneurons. Aluminium displaces magnesium in key metabolic reactions in brain cells and also interferes with calcium
metabolism and inhibits phosphoinositide metabolism. Phosphoinositide normally controls calcium ion levels at critical concentrations.
Under the microscope the brain of AD sufferers show thickened fibrils (neurofibrillary tangles - NFT) and plaques consisting of amyloid protein deposited in
the matrix between brain cells. Tangles result from alteration of "tau" a brain cytoskeletal protein. AD tau is distinguished from normal tau because it is
hyperphosphorylated. Aluminium hyperphosphorylates tau in vitro. When AD tau is injected into rat brain NFT-like aggregates form but soon degrade.
Aluminium stabilises these aggregates rendering them resistant to protease degradation. Plaque formation is also enhanced by aluminium which induces the
accumulation of amyloid precursor protein in the thread-like extensions of nerve cells (axons and dendrites). In addition aluminium has been shown to depress
the activity of most neuro-transmitters similarly depressed in AD (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, glutamate and GABA).
Aluminium enters the brain in measurable quantities, even when trace levels are contained in a glass of tap water. Other sources of bioavailable aluminium
include baking powder, antacids and aluminium products used for general food preparation and storage (over 12 months, aluminium levels in soft drink packed
in aluminium cans rose from 0.05 to 0.9 mg/l). [Walton, J and Bryson-Taylor, D. - Chemistry in Australia, August 1995]
On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed by at least one classification body that the material may produce carcinogenic or
mutagenic effects; in respect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment.
Meguiars D300, DA
Microfiber Correction TOXICITY IRRITATION
Compound (21-49D): Not Available Not Available
D30001, D30016
TOXICITY IRRITATION
aluminium oxide
[1] Not Available
Oral (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
TOXICITY IRRITATION
solvent naphtha petroleum, [2] [CCINFO]
dermal (rat) LD50: 28000 mg/kg
medium aliphatic
[2] Nil reported
Continued...
TOXICITY IRRITATION
distillates, petroleum, [1] [CCINFO-Shell]
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
middle, hydrotreated
Oral (rat) LD50: >5000 mg/kg [1] None reported [EXXON]
TOXICITY IRRITATION
glycerol dermal (guinea pig) LD50: 54000 mg/kg [1] Not Available
[1]
Oral (rat) LD50: >20-<39800 mg/kg
TOXICITY IRRITATION
[2] Eye (rabbit): 100 mg/1h - mild
polydimethylsiloxane Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >2000 mg/kg
Oral (rat) LD50: >17000 mg/kg [2]
TOXICITY IRRITATION
Dermal (rabbit) LD50: >10,000 mg/kg [2] Not Available
salt
[2]
Oral (rat) LD50: >10,000 mg/kg
TOXICITY IRRITATION
[2] Eye (rabbit): 0.1 ml -
dermal (rat) LD50: >18080 mg/kg
[2] Eye (rabbit): 10 mg - mild
Oral (rat) LD50: 5559.6 mg/kg
Eye (rabbit): 5.62 mg - SEVERE
minor conjunctival irritation
minor iritis,
triethanolamine
no corneal injury *
no irritation *
Skin (human): 15 mg/3d (int)-mild
Skin (rabbit): 4 h occluded
Skin (rabbit): 560 mg/24 hr- mild
with significant discharge;
TOXICITY IRRITATION
water
[2] Not Available
Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data
extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
Studies indicate that normal, branched and cyclic paraffins are absorbed from the mammalian gastrointestinal tract and that the absorption of n-paraffins is
inversely proportional to the carbon chain length,with little absorption above C30. With respect to the carbon chain lengths likely to be present in mineral oil,
n-paraffins may be absorbed to a greater extent that iso- or cyclo-paraffins.
The major classes of hydrocarbons have been shown to be well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract in various species. In many cases, the hydrophobic
Meguiars D300, DA
hydrocarbons are ingested in association with dietary lipids. The dependence of hydrocarbon absorption on concomitant triglyceride digestion and
Microfiber Correction
absorption,is known as the "hydrocarbon continuum hypothesis", and asserts that a series of solubilising phases in the intestinal lumen, created by dietary
Compound (21-49D):
triglycerides and their digestion products, afford hydrocarbons a route to the lipid phase of the intestinal absorptive cell (enterocyte) membrane. While some
D30001, D30016
hydrocarbons may traverse the mucosal epithelium unmetabolised and appear as solutes in lipoprotein particles in intestinal lymph, there is evidence that most
hydrocarbons partially separate from nutrient lipids and undergo metabolic transformation in the enterocyte. The enterocyte may play a major role in
determining the proportion of an absorbed hydrocarbon that, by escaping initial biotransformation, becomes available for deposition in its unchanged form in
peripheral tissues such as adipose tissue, or in the liver.
for petroleum:
This product contains benzene which is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia and n-hexane which has been shown to metabolize to compounds which are
neuropathic.
This product contains toluene. There are indications from animal studies that prolonged exposure to high concentrations of toluene may lead to hearing loss.
This product contains ethyl benzene and naphthalene from which there is evidence of tumours in rodents
Carcinogenicity: Inhalation exposure to mice causes liver tumours, which are not considered relevant to humans. Inhalation exposure to rats causes kidney
tumours which are not considered relevant to humans.
Mutagenicity: There is a large database of mutagenicity studies on gasoline and gasoline blending streams, which use a wide variety of endpoints and give
predominantly negative results. All in vivo studies in animals and recent studies in exposed humans (e.g. petrol service station attendants) have shown negative
results in mutagenicity assays.
Reproductive Toxicity: Repeated exposure of pregnant rats to high concentrations of toluene (around or exceeding 1000 ppm) can cause developmental
SOLVENT NAPHTHA
effects, such as lower birth weight and developmental neurotoxicity, on the foetus. However, in a two-generation reproductive study in rats exposed to gasoline
PETROLEUM, MEDIUM
vapour condensate, no adverse effects on the foetus were observed.
ALIPHATIC
Human Effects: Prolonged/ repeated contact may cause defatting of the skin which can lead to dermatitis and may make the skin more susceptible to irritation
and penetration by other materials.
Lifetime exposure of rodents to gasoline produces carcinogenicity although the relevance to humans has been questioned. Gasoline induces kidney cancer in
male rats as a consequence of accumulation of the alpha2-microglobulin protein in hyaline droplets in the male (but not female) rat kidney. Such abnormal
accumulation represents lysosomal overload and leads to chronic renal tubular cell degeneration, accumulation of cell debris, mineralisation of renal medullary
tubules and necrosis. A sustained regenerative proliferation occurs in epithelial cells with subsequent neoplastic transformation with continued exposure. The
alpha2-microglobulin is produced under the influence of hormonal controls in male rats but not in females and, more importantly, not in humans.
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce a contact dermatitis (nonallergic). This form of dermatitis is often
characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling the epidermis. Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer (spongiosis) and
intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
Continued...
For toluene:
Acute Toxicity
Humans exposed to intermediate to high levels of toluene for short periods of time experience adverse central nervous system effects ranging from headaches
to intoxication, convulsions, narcosis, and death. Similar effects are observed in short-term animal studies.
Humans - Toluene ingestion or inhalation can result in severe central nervous system depression, and in large doses, can act as a narcotic. The ingestion of
about 60 mL resulted in fatal nervous system depression within 30 minutes in one reported case.
Constriction and necrosis of myocardial fibers, markedly swollen liver, congestion and haemorrhage of the lungs and acute tubular necrosis were found on
autopsy.
Central nervous system effects (headaches, dizziness, intoxication) and eye irritation occurred following inhalation exposure to 100 ppm toluene 6 hours/day for
4 days.
Exposure to 600 ppm for 8 hours resulted in the same and more serious symptoms including euphoria, dilated pupils, convulsions, and nausea . Exposure to
10,000-30,000 ppm has been reported to cause narcosis and death
Toluene can also strip the skin of lipids causing dermatitis
Animals - The initial effects are instability and incoordination, lachrymation and sniffles (respiratory exposure), followed by narcosis. Animals die of respiratory
failure from severe nervous system depression. Cloudy swelling of the kidneys was reported in rats following inhalation exposure to 1600 ppm, 18-20 hours/day
for 3 days
Subchronic/Chronic Effects:
Repeat doses of toluene cause adverse central nervous system effects and can damage the upper respiratory system, the liver, and the kidney. Adverse effects
occur as a result from both oral and the inhalation exposures. A reported lowest-observed-effect level in humans for adverse neurobehavioral effects is 88 ppm.
Humans - Chronic occupational exposure and incidences of toluene abuse have resulted in hepatomegaly and liver function changes. It has also resulted in
nephrotoxicity and, in one case, was a cardiac sensitiser and fatal cardiotoxin.
Neural and cerebellar dystrophy were reported in several cases of habitual "glue sniffing." An epidemiological study in France on workers chronically exposed
to toluene fumes reported leukopenia and neutropenia. Exposure levels were not given in the secondary reference; however, the average urinary excretion of
hippuric acid, a metabolite of toluene, was given as 4 g/L compared to a normal level of 0.6 g/L
Animals - The major target organs for the subchronic/chronic toxicity of toluene are the nervous system, liver, and kidney. Depressed immune response has
been reported in male mice given doses of 105 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Toluene in corn oil administered to F344 male and female rats by gavage 5 days/week for
13 weeks, induced prostration, hypoactivity, ataxia, piloerection, lachrymation, excess salivation, and body tremors at doses 2500 mg/kg. Liver, kidney, and heart
weights were also increased at this dose and histopathologic lesions were seen in the liver, kidneys, brain and urinary bladder. The no-observed-adverse effect
level (NOAEL) for the study was 312 mg/kg (223 mg/kg/day) and the lowest-observed-adverse effect level (LOAEL) for the study was 625 mg/kg (446
mg/kg/day) .
Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity
Exposures to high levels of toluene can result in adverse effects in the developing human foetus. Several studies have indicated that high levels of toluene can
also adversely effect the developing offspring in laboratory animals.
Humans - Variable growth, microcephaly, CNS dysfunction, attentional deficits, minor craniofacial and limb abnormalities, and developmental delay were seen
in three children exposed to toluene in utero as a result of maternal solvent abuse before and during pregnancy
Animals - Sternebral alterations, extra ribs, and missing tails were reported following treatment of rats with 1500 mg/m3 toluene 24 hours/day during days 9-14
of gestation. Two of the dams died during the exposure. Another group of rats received 1000 mg/m3 8 hours/day during days 1-21 of gestation. No maternal
deaths or toxicity occurred, however, minor skeletal retardation was present in the exposed fetuses. CFLP Mice were exposed to 500 or 1500 mg/m3 toluene
continuously during days 6-13 of pregnancy. All dams died at the high dose during the first 24 hours of exposure, however none died at 500 mg/m3. Decreased
foetal weight was reported, but there were no differences in the incidences of skeletal malformations or anomalies between the treated and control offspring.
Absorption - Studies in humans and animals have demonstrated that toluene is readily absorbed via the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption
through the skin is estimated at about 1% of that absorbed by the lungs when exposed to toluene vapor.
Dermal absorption is expected to be higher upon exposure to the liquid; however, exposure is limited by the rapid evaporation of toluene .
Distribution - In studies with mice exposed to radiolabeled toluene by inhalation, high levels of radioactivity were present in body fat, bone marrow, spinal
nerves, spinal cord, and brain white matter. Lower levels of radioactivity were present in blood, kidney, and liver. Accumulation of toluene has generally been
found in adipose tissue, other tissues with high fat content, and in highly vascularised tissues .
Metabolism - The metabolites of inhaled or ingested toluene include benzyl alcohol resulting from the hydroxylation of the methyl group. Further oxidation
results in the formation of benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. The latter is conjugated with glycine to yield hippuric acid or reacted with glucuronic acid to form
benzoyl glucuronide. o-cresol and p-cresol formed by ring hydroxylation are considered minor metabolites
Excretion - Toluene is primarily (60-70%) excreted through the urine as hippuric acid. The excretion of benzoyl glucuronide accounts for 10-20%, and
excretion of unchanged toluene through the lungs also accounts for 10-20%. Excretion of hippuric acid is usually complete within 24 hours after exposure.
The materials included in the Lubricating Base Oils category are related from both process and physical-chemical perspectives;
The potential toxicity of a specific distillate base oil is inversely related to the severity or extent of processing the oil has undergone, since:
The adverse effects of these materials are associated with undesirable components, and
The levels of the undesirable components are inversely related to the degree of processing;
Distillate base oils receiving the same degree or extent of processing will have similar toxicities;
The potential toxicity of residual base oils is independent of the degree of processing the oil receives.
The reproductive and developmental toxicity of the distillate base oils is inversely related to the degree of processing.
Unrefined & mildly refined distillate base oils contain the highest levels of undesirable components, have the largest variation of hydrocarbon molecules and
have shown the highest potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activities. Highly and severely refined distillate base oils are produced from unrefined and mildly
refined oils by removing or transforming undesirable components. In comparison to unrefined and mildly refined base oils, the highly and severely refined
distillate base oils have a smaller range of hydrocarbon molecules and have demonstrated very low mammalian toxicity. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity
testing of residual oils has been negative, supporting the belief that these materials lack biologically active components or the components are largely
non-bioavailable due to their molecular size.
Toxicity testing has consistently shown that lubricating base oils have low acute toxicities. Numerous tests have shown that a lubricating base oil’s mutagenic
and carcinogenic potential correlates with its 3-7 ring polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) content, and the level of DMSO extractables (e.g. IP346 assay),
both characteristics that are directly related to the degree/conditions of processing
Highly and Severely Refined Distillate Base Oils
DISTILLATES, Acute toxicity: Multiple studies of the acute toxicity of highly & severely refined base oils have been reported. Irrespective of the crude source or the method or
PETROLEUM, MIDDLE, extent of processing, the oral LD50s have been observed to be >5 g/kg (bw) and the dermal LD50s have ranged from >2 to >5g/kg (bw). The LC50 for
HYDROTREATED inhalation toxicity ranged from 2.18 mg/l to> 4 mg/l.
When tested for skin and eye irritation, the materials have been reported as “non-irritating” to “moderately irritating”
Testing in guinea pigs for sensitization has been negative
Repeat dose toxicity: . Several studies have been conducted with these oils. The weight of evidence from all available data on highly & severely refined base
oils support the presumption that a distillate base oil’s toxicity is inversely related to the degree of processing it receives. Adverse effects have been reported
with even the most severely refined white oils - these appear to depend on animal species and/ or the peculiarities of the study.
The granulomatous lesions induced by the oral administration of white oils are essentially foreign body responses. The lesions occur only in rats, of which
the Fischer 344 strain is particularly sensitive,
The testicular effects seen in rabbits after dermal administration of a highly to severely refined base oil were unique to a single study and may have been
related to stress induced by skin irritation, and
The accumulation of foamy macrophages in the alveolar spaces of rats exposed repeatedly via inhalation to high levels of highly to severely refined base oils
is not unique to these oils, but would be seen after exposure to many water insoluble materials.
Reproductive and developmental toxicity: A highly refined base oil was used as the vehicle control in a one-generation reproduction study. The study was
conducted according to the OECD Test Guideline 421. There was no effect on fertility and mating indices in either males or females. At necropsy, there were no
consistent findings and organ weights and histopathology were considered normal by the study’s authors.
A single generation study in which a white mineral oil (a food/ drug grade severely refined base oil) was used as a vehicle control is reported. Two separate
groups of pregnant rats were administered 5 ml/kg (bw)/day of the base oil via gavage, on days 6 through 19 of gestation. In one of the two base oil dose
Continued...
groups, three malformed foetuses were found among three litters The study authors considered these malformations to be minor and within the normal ranges
for the strain of rat.
Genotoxicity:
In vitro (mutagenicity): Several studies have reported the results of testing different base oils for mutagenicity using a modified Ames assay Base oils with no
or low concentrations of 3-7 ring PACs had low mutagenicity indices.
In vivo (chromosomal aberrations): A total of seven base stocks were tested in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a bone marrow cytogenetics assay.
The test materials were administered via gavage at dose levels ranging from 500 to 5000 mg/kg (bw). Dosing occurred for either a single day or for five
consecutive days. None of the base oils produced a significant increase in aberrant cells.
Carcinogenicity: Highly & severely refined base oils are not carcinogens, when given either orally or dermally.
typical for isoparaffinic hydrocarbons: isoparaffinic hydrocarbon:
For glycerol:
Acute toxicity: Glycerol is of a low order of acute oral and dermal toxicity with LD50 values in excess of 4000 mg/kg bw. At very high dose levels, the signs of
toxicity include tremor and hyperaemia of the gastro-intestinal -tract. Skin and eye irritation studies indicate that glycerol has low potential to irritate the skin and
the eye. The available human and animal data, together with the very widespread potential for exposure and the absence of case reports of sensitisation, indicate
that glycerol is not a skin sensitiser.
Repeat dose toxicity: Repeated oral exposure to glycerol does not induce adverse effects other than local irritation of the gastro-intestinal tract. The overall
NOEL after prolonged treatment with glycerol is 10,000 mg/kg bw/day (20% in diet). At this dose level no systemic or local effects were observed. For
inhalation exposure to aerosols, the NOAEC for local irritant effects to the upper respiratory tract is 165 mg/m3 and 662 mg/m3 for systemic effects.
Genotoxicity: Glycerol is free from structural alerts, which raise concern for mutagenicity. Glycerol does not induce gene mutations in bacterial strains,
GLYCEROL chromosomal effects in mammalian cells or primary DNA damage in vitro. Results of a limited gene mutation test in mammalian cells were of uncertain
biological relevance. In vivo, glycerol produced no statistically significant effect in a chromosome aberrations and dominant lethal study. However, the limited
details provided and the absence of a positive control, prevent any reliable conclusions to be drawn from the in vivo data. Overall, glycerol is not considered to
possess genotoxic potential.
Carcinogenicity: The experimental data from a limited 2 year dietary study in the rat does not provide any basis for concerns in relation to carcinogenicity. Data
from non-guideline studies designed to investigate tumour promotion activity in male mice suggest that oral administration of glycerol up to 20 weeks had a
weak promotion effect on the incidence of tumour formation.
Reproductive and developmental toxicity: No effects on fertility and reproductive performance were observed in a two generation study with glycerol
administered by gavage (NOAEL 2000 mg/kg bw/day). No maternal toxicity or teratogenic effects were seen in the rat, mouse or rabbit at the highest dose
levels tested in a guideline comparable teratogenicity study (NOEL 1180 mg/kg bw/day).
For siloxanes:
Effects which based on the reviewed literature do not seem to be problematic are acute toxicity, irritant effects, sensitization and genotoxicity.
Some studies indicate that some of the siloxanes may have endocrine disrupting properties, and reproductive effects have caused concern about the possible
effects of the siloxanes on humans and the environment.
Only few siloxanes are described in the literature with regard to health effects, and it is therefore not possible to make broad conclusions and comparisons of
the toxicity related to short-chained linear and cyclic siloxanes based on the present evaluation. Data are primarily found on the cyclic siloxanes D4
(octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane)
and D5 (decamethylcyclopentasiloxane) and the short-linear HMDS (hexamethyldisiloxane).
These three siloxanes have a relatively low order of acute toxicity by oral, dermal and inhalatory routes and do not require classification for this effect.
They are not found to be irritating to skin or eyes and are also not found sensitizing by skin contact. Data on respiratory sensitization have not been identified.
Subacute and subchronic toxicity studies show that the liver is the main target organ for D4 which also induces liver cell enzymes. This enzyme induction
contributes to the elimination of the substance from the tissues. Primary target organ for D5 exposure by inhalation is the lung. D5 has an enzyme induction
profile similar to that of D4. Subacute and subchronic inhalation of HMDS affect in particular the lungs and kidneys in rats.
None of the investigated siloxanes show any signs of genotoxic effects in vitro or in vivo. Preliminary results indicate that D5 has a potential carcinogenic
effect.
D4 is considered to impair fertility in rats by inhalation and is classified as a substance toxic to reproduction in category 3 with the risk phrase R62 ('Possible
POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
risk of impaired fertility').
The results of a study to screen for oestrogen activity indicate that D4 has very weak oestrogenic and antioestrogenic activity and is a partial agonist (enhances
the effect of the estrogen). It is not uncommon for compounds that are weakly
oestrogenic to also have antioestrogenic properties. Comparison of the oestrogenic potency of D4 relative to ethinyloestradiol (steroid hormone) indicates that
D4 is 585,000 times less potent than ethinyloestradiol in the rat stain Sprague- Dawley and 3.7 million times less potent than ethinyloestradiol in the Fisher-344
rat strain. Because of the lack of effects on other endpoints designated to assess oestrogenicity, the oestrogenicity as mode of action for the D4 reproductive
effects has been questioned. An indirect mode of action causing a delay of the LH (luteinising hormone) surge necessary for optimal timing of ovulation has
been suggested as the mechanism.
Based on the reviewed information, the critical effects of the siloxanes are impaired fertility (D4) and potential carcinogenic effects (uterine tumours in
females). Furthermore there seem to be some effects on various organs following
repeated exposures, the liver (D4), kidney (HMDS) and lung (D5 and HMDS) being the target organs.
A possible oestrogenic effect contributing to the reproductive toxicity of D4 is debated. There seems however to be some indication that this toxicity may be
caused by another mechanism than oestrogen activity
The material may be irritating to the eye, with prolonged contact causing inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis.
No toxic response noted during 90 day subchronic inhalation toxicity studies The no observable effect level is 450 mg/m3. Non-irritating and non-sensitising in
human patch test. [Xerox]*
C.I. FOOD RED 17 -
Substance has been investigated as a reproductive effector in rats.
DISODIUM SALT
While it is difficult to generalise about the full range of potential health effects posed by exposure to the many different amine compounds, characterised by those
used in the manufacture of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, it is agreed that overexposure to the majority of these materials may cause adverse health
effects.
Many amine-based compounds can induce histamine liberation, which, in turn, can trigger allergic and other physiological effects, including
bronchoconstriction or bronchial asthma and rhinitis.
Systemic symptoms include headache, nausea, faintness, anxiety, a decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), itching, erythema (reddening
of the skin), urticaria (hives), and facial edema (swelling). Systemic effects (those affecting the body) that are related to the pharmacological action of amines
are usually transient.
Typically, there are four routes of possible or potential exposure: inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and ingestion.
Inhalation:
Inhalation of vapors may, depending upon the physical and chemical properties of the specific product and the degree and length of exposure, result in moderate
TRIETHANOLAMINE to severe irritation of the tissues of the nose and throat and can irritate the lungs.
Products with higher vapour pressures have a greater potential for higher airborne concentrations. This increases the probability of worker exposure.
Higher concentrations of certain amines can produce severe respiratory irritation, characterised by nasal discharge, coughing, difficulty in breathing, and
chest pains.
Chronic exposure via inhalation may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, sore throat, bronchopneumonia, and possible lung damage. Also,
repeated and/or prolonged exposure to some amines may result in liver disorders, jaundice, and liver enlargement. Some amines have been shown to cause
kidney, blood, and central nervous system disorders in laboratory animal studies.
While most polyurethane amine catalysts are not sensitisers, some certain individuals may also become sensitized to amines and may experience respiratory
distress, including asthma-like attacks, whenever they are subsequently exposed to even very small amounts of vapor. Once sensitised, these individuals must
avoid any further exposure to amines. Although chronic or repeated inhalation of vapor concentrations below hazardous or recommended exposure limits should
not ordinarily affect healthy individuals, chronic overexposure may lead to permanent pulmonary injury, including a reduction in lung function, breathlessness,
Continued...
chronic bronchitis, and immunologic lung disease.

Inhalation hazards are increased when exposure to amine catalysts occurs in situations that produce aerosols, mists, or heated vapors. Such situations include
leaks in fitting or transfer lines. Medical conditions generally aggravated by inhalation exposure include asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema.
Skin Contact:
Skin contact with amine catalysts poses a number of concerns. Direct skin contact can cause moderate to severe irritation and injury-i.e., from simple redness
and swelling to painful blistering, ulceration, and chemical burns. Repeated or prolonged exposure may also result in severe cumulative dermatitis.
Skin contact with some amines may result in allergic sensitisation. Sensitised persons should avoid all contact with amine catalysts. Systemic effects resulting
from the absorption of the amines through skin exposure may include headaches, nausea, faintness, anxiety, decrease in blood pressure, reddening of the skin,
hives, and facial swelling. These symptoms may be related to the pharmacological action of the amines, and they are usually transient.
Eye Contact:
Amine catalysts are alkaline in nature and their vapours are irritating to the eyes, even at low concentrations.
Direct contact with the liquid amine may cause severe irritation and tissue injury, and the “burning” may lead to blindness. (Contact with solid products may
result in mechanical irritation, pain, and corneal injury.)
Exposed persons may experience excessive tearing, burning, conjunctivitis, and corneal swelling.
The corneal swelling may manifest itself in visual disturbances such as blurred or “foggy” vision with a blue tint (“blue haze”) and sometimes a halo
phenomenon around lights. These symptoms are transient and usually disappear when exposure ceases.
Some individuals may experience this effect even when exposed to concentrations below doses that ordinarily cause respiratory irritation.
Ingestion:
The oral toxicity of amine catalysts varies from moderately to very toxic.
Some amines can cause severe irritation, ulceration, or burns of the mouth, throat, esophagus,and gastrointestinal tract.
Material aspirated (due to vomiting) can damage the bronchial tubes and the lungs.
Affected persons also may experience pain in the chest or abdomen, nausea, bleeding of the throat and the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, dizziness,
drowsiness, thirst, circulatory collapse, coma, and even death.
Polyurethane Amine Catalysts: Guidelines for Safe Handling and Disposal; Technical Bulletin June 2000
Alliance for Polyurethanes Industry
The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce a contact dermatitis (nonallergic). This form of dermatitis is often
characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling epidermis. Histologically there may be intercellular oedema of the spongy layer (spongiosis) and
intracellular oedema of the epidermis.
For triethanolamine (and its salts):
Acute toxicity: Triethanolamine is of low toxicity by the oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Oral LD50 values have been shown to range from
approximately 5-10 g/kg. The dermal LD50 is greater than 2 g/kg . The inhalation LC50 is greater than a saturated atmosphere
Repeat Dose Toxicity: The studies to determine toxicity of triethanolamine from repeated exposure were conducted for a duration of 91 days or 2 years. In both
studies the NOAEL was at least 1000 mg/kg. There was no evidence of gross or histopathological change that could be attributed to treatment. Also,
triethanolamine was shown to be non-carcinogenic.
Genetic Toxicity: Mutation (bacterial);This endpoint has been satisfied by two studies using 4 strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537) of Salmonella
typhimurium. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic in any of the tester strains.
Chromosomal aberration (mammalian, in vitro) – This endpoint was satisfied by a cytogenetic assay using Chinese hamster lung cells. Triethanolamine did not
induce chromosome aberrations in this test system.
Reproductive Toxicity: No studies have been conducted to specifically evaluate the effect of triethanolamine on reproductive performance. However, based on
consideration of the repeat dose toxicity studies of at least 90 days duration, there were no abnormalities noted in the histopathological examination of
reproductive organs. This fact, and the lack of effects on foetal development, allow the conclusion that triethanolamine would not be expected to produce adverse
effects to reproductive performance and fertility.
Developmental Toxicity: This endpoint was satisfied using a developmental toxicity screening study according to the Chernoff-Kavlock method . Based on the
results from this test, triethanolamine does not impair development of the fetus.
The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3:
NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing.
NOTE: Substance has been shown to be mutagenic in at least one assay, or belongs to a family of chemicals producing damage or change to cellular DNA.
Lachrymation, diarrhoea, convulsions, urinary tract changes, changes in bladder weight, changes in testicular weight, changes in thymus weight, changes in
liver weight, dermatitis after systemic exposure, kidney, ureter, bladder tumours recorded. Equivocal tumourigen by RTECS criteria. Dermal rabbit value quoted
above is for occluded patch in male or female animals * Union Carbide
The following information refers to contact allergens as a group and may not be specific to this product.
Meguiars D300, DA Contact allergies quickly manifest themselves as contact eczema, more rarely as urticaria or Quincke's oedema. The pathogenesis of contact eczema involves
Microfiber Correction a cell-mediated (T lymphocytes) immune reaction of the delayed type. Other allergic skin reactions, e.g. contact urticaria, involve antibody-mediated immune
Compound (21-49D): reactions. The significance of the contact allergen is not simply determined by its sensitisation potential: the distribution of the substance and the opportunities
D30001, D30016 & for contact with it are equally important. A weakly sensitising substance which is widely distributed can be a more important allergen than one with stronger
TRIETHANOLAMINE sensitising potential with which few individuals come into contact. From a clinical point of view, substances are noteworthy if they produce an allergic test
reaction in more than 1% of the persons tested.
Meguiars D300, DA
Microfiber Correction
Compound (21-49D):
No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.
D30001, D30016 &
ALUMINIUM OXIDE &
WATER
NOTE: Detailed analysis of the molecular structure, by various Authorities/ Agencies and in other cases by Chemwatch, indicates that the azo colourant can
split off carcinogenic arylamines.
The azo linkage is considered the most labile portion of an azo dye. The linkage easily undergoes enzymatic breakdown, but thermal or photochemical
breakdown may also take place. The breakdown results in cleavage of the molecule and in release of the component amines. Water solubility determines the
ultimate degradation pathways of the dyes. For example the azo linkage of many azo pigments is, due to very low solubility in water, not available for intracellular
enzymatic breakdown but may be susceptible to endogenous micro-organisms found in the bladder or in the gut.
After cleavage of the azo linkage by bacteria, the component aromatic amines are absorbed in the intestine and excreted in the urine. Twenty-two of the
component amines are recognised as potential human carcinogens, and/or several of them have shown carcinogenic potential on experimental animals.
Sulfonation of the dye reduces the toxicity by enhancement of the excretion.
Meguiars D300, DA The component amines which may be released from azo dyes are mostly aromatic amines (compounds where an amine group or amine-generating group(s)
Microfiber Correction are connected to an aryl moiety). In general, aromatic amines known as carcinogenic may be grouped into five groups
Compound (21-49D): Anilines, e.g. o-toluidine.
D30001, D30016 & C.I. FOOD Extended anilines, e.g. benzidine.
RED 17 - DISODIUM SALT Fused ring amines, e.g. 2-naphthylamine.
Aminoazo and other azo compounds, e.g. 4-(phenylazo)aniline.
Heterocyclic amines.
The aromatic amines containing moieties of anilines, extended anilines and fused ring amines are components of the majority of the industrially important azo
dyes.
Reductive fission of the azo group, either by intestinal bacteria or by azo reductases of the liver and extra-hepatic tissues can cause benzidine-based aromatic
amines to be released. Such breakdown products have been detected in animal experiments as well as in man (urine). Mutagenicity, which has been observed
with numerous azo colourants in in vitro test systems, and the carcinogenicity in animal experiments are attributed to the release of amines and their
subsequent metabolic activation. There are now epidemiological indications that occupational exposure to benzidene-based azo colourants can increase the
Continued...
incidence of bladder carcinoma.

The acute toxicity of azo dyes is low.. However, potential health effects are recognised.
Despite a very broad field of application and exposure, sensitising properties of azo dyes have been identified in relatively few reports. Red azoic dyes have been
linked to allergic contact dermatitis in heavily exposed workers. Furthermore, textiles coloured with disperse azo dyes have caused allergic dermatitis in a few
cases.
SOLVENT NAPHTHA
PETROLEUM, MEDIUM
The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce
ALIPHATIC &
conjunctivitis.
TRIETHANOLAMINE
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as
reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis
of RADS include the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes
GLYCEROL &
to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity
TRIETHANOLAMINE
on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis
of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the
irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance
(often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity

Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity
Serious Eye
STOT - Single Exposure
Damage/Irritation
Respiratory or Skin
STOT - Repeated Exposure
sensitisation
Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard
Legend: – Data available but does not fill the criteria for classification
– Data required to make classification available
– Data Not Available to make classification
SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Toxicity
Ingredient Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source
aluminium oxide LC50 96 Fish 0.0029mg/L 2
aluminium oxide EC50 168 Crustacea 0.0076mg/L 2
aluminium oxide EC50 48 Crustacea 0.7364mg/L 2
aluminium oxide EC50 96 Algae or other aquatic plants 0.0054mg/L 2
aluminium oxide NOEC 72 Algae or other aquatic plants >=0.004mg/L 2
EC50 48 Crustacea >100mg/L 1
medium aliphatic
EC50 96 Algae or other aquatic plants =450mg/L 1
medium aliphatic
distillates, petroleum,
NOEC 48 Crustacea =10mg/L 1
middle, hydrotreated
glycerol EC0 24 Crustacea >500mg/L 1
glycerol EC50 96 Algae or other aquatic plants 77712.039mg/L 3
glycerol LC50 96 Fish >11mg/L 2
polydimethylsiloxane LC50 96 Fish 3.16mg/L 4
LC50 96 Fish 124.04mg/L 2
salt
EC50 48 Crustacea 346.45mg/L 2
salt
EC50 48 Crustacea 486.5mg/L 2
salt
EC50 96 Algae or other aquatic plants 44524mg/L 2
salt
NOEC 72 Algae or other aquatic plants 1.902mg/L 2
salt
triethanolamine LC50 96 Fish 0.0011807mg/L 4
triethanolamine EC10 96 Algae or other aquatic plants 7.1mg/L 1
triethanolamine EC50 48 Crustacea 609.88mg/L 2
triethanolamine NOEC 504 Crustacea 16mg/L 2
triethanolamine EC50 72 Algae or other aquatic plants >107- <260mg/L 2
water EC50 384 Crustacea 199.179mg/L 3
water EC50 96 Algae or other aquatic plants 8768.874mg/L 3
water LC50 96 Fish 897.520mg/L 3
Continued...
Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 3. EPIWIN Suite V3.12 -
Legend: Aquatic Toxicity Data (Estimated) 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) -
Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data
When spilled this product may act as a typical oil, causing a film, sheen, emulsion or sludge at or beneath the surface of the body of water. The oil film on water surface may physically affect the
aquatic organisms, due to the interruption of the
oxygen transfer between the air and the water
Oils of any kind can cause:
drowning of water-fowl due to lack of buoyancy, loss of insulating capacity of feathers, starvation and vulnerability to predators due to lack of mobility
lethal effects on fish by coating gill surfaces, preventing respiration
asphyxiation of benthic life forms when floating masses become engaged with surface debris and settle on the bottom and
adverse aesthetic effects of fouled shoreline and beaches
In case of accidental releases on the soil, a fine film is formed on the soil, which prevents the plant respiration process and the soil particle saturation. It may cause deep water infestation.
Within an aromatic series, acute toxicity increases with increasing alkyl substitution on the aromatic nucleus. For example, there is an increase in toxicity as alkylation of the naphthalene structure
increases. The order of most toxic to least in a study using grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) was dimethylnaphthalenes > methylnaphthalenes
>naphthalenes.
Studies conclude that the toxicity of an oil appears to be a function of its di-aromatic and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons, which includes three-ring hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene.
The heavier (4-, 5-, and 6-ring) PAHs are more persistent than the lighter (2- and 3-ring) PAHs and tend to have greater carcinogenic and other chronic impact potential. PAHs in general are
more frequently associated with chronic risks. These risks include cancer and often are the result of exposures to complex mixtures of chronic-risk aromatics (such as PAHs, alkyl PAHs,
benzenes, and alkyl benzenes), rather than exposures to low levels of a single compound.
Anthrcene is a phototoxic PAH . UV light greatly increases the toxicity of anthracene to bluegill sunfish. . Benchmarks developed in the absence of UV light may be under-protective, and biological
resources in strong sunlight are at more risk than those that are not.
for lubricating oil base stocks:
Vapor Pressure Vapor pressures of lubricating base oils are reported to be negligible. In one study, the experimentally measured vapour pressure of a solvent-dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate
base oil was 1.7 x 10exp-4 Pa . Since base oils are mixtures of C15 to C50 paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbon isomers, representative components of those structures were selected
to calculate a range of vapor pressures. The estimated vapor pressure values for these selected components of base oils ranged from 4.5 x 10exp-1 Pa to 2 x 10exp-13Pa. Based on Dalton's Law
the expected total vapour pressure for base oils would fall well below minimum levels (10exp-5 Pa) of recommended experimental procedures.
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): In mixtures such as the base oils, the percent distribution of the hydrocarbon groups (i.e., paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics) and the carbon chain lengths
determines in-part the partitioning characteristics of the mixture. Generally, hydrocarbon chains with fewer carbon atoms tend to have lower partition coefficients than those with higher carbon
numbers .However, due to their complex composition, unequivocal determination of the log Kow of these hydrocarbon mixtures cannot be made. Rather, partition coefficients of selected C15 chain-
length hydrocarbon structures representing paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic constituents in base oil lubricants were modelled . Results showed typical log Kow values from 4.9 to 7.7, which
were consistent with values of >4 for lubricating oil basestocks
Water Solubility:When released to water, base oils will float and spread at a rate that is viscosity dependent. While water solubility of base oils is typically very low, individual hydrocarbons exhibit
a wide range of solubility depending on molecular weight and degree of unsaturation. Decreasing molecular weight (i.e., carbon number) and increasing levels of unsaturation increases the water
solubility of these materials. As noted for partition coefficient, the water solubility of lubricating base oils cannot be determined due to their complex mixture characteristics. Therefore, the water
solubility of individual C15 hydrocarbons representing the different groups making up base oils (i.e., linear and branched paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics) was modelled. Based on water
solubility modelling of those groups, aqueous solubilities are typically much less than 1 ppm. (0.003-0.63 mg/l)
Environmental Fate:
Photodegradation: Chemicals having potential to photolyse have UV/visible absorption maxima in the range of 290 to 800 nm. Some chemicals have absorption maxima significantly below 290
nm and consequently cannot undergo direct photolysis in sunlight (e.g. chemicals such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, saturated alcohols, and saturated acids). Most hydrocarbon constituents of the
materials in this category are not expected to photolyse since they do not show absorbance within the 290-800 nm range. However, photodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can
occur and may be a significant degradation pathway for these constituents of lubricating base oils. The degree and rate at which PAHs may photodegrade depend upon whether conditions allow
penetration of light with sufficient energy to effect a change. For example,polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) compounds bound to sediments may persist due to a lack of sufficient light
penetration
Atmospheric gas-phase reactions can occur between organic chemicals and reactive molecules such as photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, ozone and nitrogen oxides. Atmospheric
oxidation as a result of radical attack is not direct photochemical degradation, but indirect degradation. In general, lubricating base oils have low vapour pressures and volatilisation is not expected
to be a significant removal mechanism for the majority of the hydrocarbon components. However, some components (e.g., C15 branched paraffins and naphthenes) appear to have the potential to
volatilise Atmospheric half-lives of 0.10 to 0.66 days have been calculated for representative C15 hydrocarbon components of lubricating base oils
Stability in Water: Chemicals that have a potential to hydrolyze include alkyl halides, amides, carbamates, carboxylic acid esters and lactones, epoxides, phosphate esters, and sulfonic acid
esters. Because lubricating base oils do not contain significant levels of these functional groups, materials in the lubricating base oils category are not subject to hydrolysis
Chemical Transport and Distribution in the Environment : Based on the physical-chemical characteristics of component hydrocarbons in lubricating base oils, the lower molecular weight
components are expected to have the highest vapour pressures and water solubilities, and the lowest partition coefficients. These factors enhance the potential for widespread distribution in the
environment. To gain an understanding of the potential transport and distribution of lubricating base oil components, the EQC (Equilibrium Criterion) model was used to characterize the
environmental distribution of different C15 compounds representing different structures found in lube oils (e.g., paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics). The modelling found partitioning to soil or
air is the ultimate fate of these C15 compounds. Aromatic compounds partition principally to soil. Linear paraffins partition mostly to soil, while branching appears to allow greater distribution to air.
Naphthenes distribute to both soil and air, with increasing proportions in soil for components with the greater number of ring structures. Because the modelling does not take into account
degradation factors, levels modelled in the atmosphere are likely overstated in light of the tendency for indirect photodegradation to occur.
Biodegradation: The extent of biodegradation measured for a particular lubricating oil basestock is dependent not only on the procedure used but also on how the sample is presented in the
biodegradation test. Lubricant base oils typically are not readily biodegradable in standard 28-day tests. However, since the oils consist primarily of hydrocarbons that are ultimately assimilated by
microorganisms, and therefore inherently biodegradable. Twenty-eight biodegradability studies have been reported for a variety of lubricating base oils. Based on the results of ultimate
biodegradability tests using modified Sturm and manometric respirometry testing the base oils are expected to be, for the most part, inherently biodegradable. Biodegradation rates found using the
modified Sturm procedure ranged from 1.5 to 29%. Results from the manometric respirometry tests on similar materials showed biodegradation rates from 31 to 50%. Biodegradation rates
measured in 21-day CEC tests for similar materials ranged from 13 to 79%.
Ecotoxicity:
Numerous acute studies covering fish, invertebrates, and algae have been conducted to assess the ecotoxicity of various lubricating base oils. None of these studies have shown evidence of acute
toxicity to aquatic organisms. Eight, 7-day exposure studies using rainbow trout failed to demonstrate toxicity when tested up to the maximum concentration of 1000 mg/L applied as dispersions.
Three, 96-hour tests with rainbow trout also failed to show any toxic effects when tested up to 1000 mg/L applied as dispersions. Similarly, three 96-hour tests with fathead minnows at a maximum
test concentration of 100 mg/L water accommodated fractions (WAF) showed no adverse effects. Two species of aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna and Gammarus sp.) were exposed to WAF
solutions up to 10,000 mg/L for 48 and 96-hours, respectively, with no adverse effects being observed. Four-day exposures of the freshwater green alga (Scenedesmus subspicatus) to 500 mg/L
WAF solutions failed to show adverse effects on growth rate and algal cell densities in four studies
Multiple chronic ecotoxicity studies have shown no adverse effects to daphnid survival or reproduction. In 10 of 11 chronic studies, daphnids were exposed for 21 days to WAF preparations of
lubricating base oils with no ill effects on survival or reproduction at the maximum concentration of 1000 mg/L. One test detected a reduction in reproduction at 1000 mg/L. Additional data support
findings of no chronic toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and fish. No observed effect levels ranged from 550 to 5,000 mg/L when tested as either dispersions or WAFs.
The data described above are supported by studies on a homologous series of alkanes. The author concluded that the water solubility of carbon chains .C10 is too limited to elicit acute toxicity. This
also was shown for alkylbenzene compounds having carbon numbers .C15. Since base oils consist of carbon compounds of C15 to C50, component hydrocarbons that are of acute toxicological
concern are, for the most part, absent in these materials. Similarly, due to their low solubility, the alkylated two to three ring polyaromatic components in base oils are not expected to cause acute or
chronic toxicity. This lack of toxicity is borne out in the results of the reported studies.
The effects of crude and refined oils on organisms found in fresh and sea water ha been extensively reviewed.
sea water. Where spillages occur the non-mobile species suffer the greatest mortality, whereas fish species can often escape from the affected region. The extent of the initial mortality depends on
the chemical nature of the oil, the location, and the physical conditions, particularly the temperature and wind velocity. Most affected freshwater and marine communities recover from the effects of
an oil spill within a year. The occurrence of biogenic hydrocarbons in the world's oceans is well recorded. They have the characteristic isoprenoid structure, and measurements made in water
columns indicate a background concentration of 1.0 to 10 ul/l. The higher molecular weight materials are dispersed as particles, with the highest concentrations of about 20 ul/l occurring in the top
3 mm layer of water.
A wide variation in the response of organisms to oil exposures has been noted. The larvae of fish and crustaceans appear to be most susceptible to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil.
Exposures of plankton and algae have indicated that certain species of diatoms and green algae are inhibited, whereas microflagellates are not.
For the most part, molluscs and most intertidal worm species appear to be tolerant of oil contamination.
Drinking Water Standards: hydrocarbon total: 10 ug/l (UK max.).
Continued...
For aluminium and its compounds and salts:

Despite its prevalence in the environment, no known form of life uses aluminium salts metabolically. In keeping with its pervasiveness, aluminium is well tolerated by plants and animals.Owing to
their prevalence, potential beneficial (or otherwise) biological roles of aluminium compounds are of continuing interest.
Environmental fate:
Aluminium occurs in the environment in the form of silicates, oxides and hydroxides, combined with other elements such as sodium, fluorine and arsenic complexes with organic matter.
Acidification of soils releases aluminium as a transportable solution. Mobilisation of aluminium by acid rain results in aluminium becoming available for plant uptake.
As an element, aluminum cannot be degraded in the environment, but may undergo various precipitation or ligand exchange reactions. Aluminum in compounds has only one oxidation state (+3),
and would not undergo oxidation-reduction reactions under environmental conditions. Aluminum can be complexed by various ligands present in the environment (e.g., fulvic and humic acids). The
solubility of aluminum in the environment will depend on the ligands present and the pH.
The trivalent aluminum ion is surrounded by six water molecules in solution. The hydrated aluminum ion, [Al(H2O)6]3+, undergoes hydrolysis, in which a stepwise deprotonation of the coordinated
water ligands forms bound hydroxide ligands (e.g., [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+, [Al(H2O)4(OH)2]+). The speciation of aluminum in water is pH dependent. The hydrated trivalent aluminum ion is the
predominant form at pH levels below 4. Between pH 5 and 6, the predominant hydrolysis products are Al(OH)2+ and Al(OH)2+, while the solid Al(OH)3 is most prevalent between pH 5.2 and 8.8.
The soluble species Al(OH)4- is the predominant species above pH 9, and is the only species present above pH 10. Polymeric aluminum hydroxides appear between pH 4.7 and 10.5, and increase
in size until they are transformed into colloidal particles of amorphous Al(OH)3, which crystallise to gibbsite in acid waters. Polymerisation is affected by the presence of dissolved silica; when
enough silica is present, aluminum is precipitated as poorly crystallised clay mineral species.
Hydroxyaluminum compounds are considered amphoteric (e.g., they can act as both acids and bases in solution). Because of this property, aluminum hydroxides can act as buffers and resist pH
changes within the narrow pH range of 4-5.
Monomeric aluminum compounds, typified by aluminum fluoride, chloride, and sulfate, are considered reactive or labile compounds, whereas polymeric aluminum species react much more slowly
in the environment. Aluminum has a stronger attraction for fluoride in an acidic environment compared to other inorganic ligand.
The adsorption of aluminum onto clay surfaces can be a significant factor in controlling aluminum mobility in the environment, and these adsorption reactions, measured in one study at pH 3.0-4.1,
have been observed to be very rapid. However, clays may act either as a sink or a source for soluble aluminum depending on the degree of aluminum saturation on the clay surface.
Within the pH range of 5-6, aluminum complexes with phosphate and is removed from solution. Because phosphate is a necessary nutrient in ecological systems, this immobilization of both
aluminum and phosphate may result in depleted nutrient states in surface water.
Plant species and cultivars of the same species differ considerably in their ability to take up and translocate aluminum to above-ground parts. Tea leaves may contain very high concentrations of
aluminum, >5,000 mg/kg in old leaves. Other plants that may contain high levels of aluminum include Lycopodium (Lycopodiaceae), a few ferns, Symplocos (Symplocaceae), and Orites
(Proteaceae). Aluminum is often taken up and concentrated in root tissue. In sub-alpine ecosystems, the large root biomass of the Douglas fir, Abies amabilis, takes up aluminum and immobilizes
it, preventing large accumulation in above-ground tissue. It is unclear to what extent aluminum is taken up into root food crops and leafy vegetables. An uptake factor (concentration of aluminum in
the plant/concentration of aluminum in soil) of 0.004 for leafy vegetables and 0.00065 for fruits and tubers has been reported, but the pH and plant species from which these uptake factors were
derived are unclear. Based upon these values, however, it is clear that aluminum is not taken up in plants from soil, but is instead biodiluted.
Aluminum concentrations in rainbow trout from an alum-treated lake, an untreated lake, and a hatchery were highest in gill tissue and lowest in muscle. Aluminum residue analyses in brook trout
have shown that whole-body aluminum content decreases as the fish advance from larvae to juveniles. These results imply that the aging larvae begin to decrease their rate of aluminum uptake, to
eliminate aluminum at a rate that exceeds uptake, or to maintain approximately the same amount of aluminum while the body mass increases. The decline in whole-body aluminum residues in
juvenile brook trout may be related to growth and dilution by edible muscle tissue that accumulated less aluminum than did the other tissues.
The greatest fraction of the gill-associated aluminum was not sorbed to the gill tissue, but to the gill mucus. It is thought that mucus appears to retard aluminum transport from solution to the
membrane surface, thus delaying the acute biological response of the fish. It has been reported that concentrations of aluminum in whole-body tissue of the Atlantic salmon exposed to high
concentrations of aluminum ranging from 3 ug/g (for fish exposed to 33 ug/L) to 96 ug/g (for fish exposed to 264 ug/L) at pH 5.5. After 60 days of exposure, BCFs ranged from 76 to 190 and were
directly related to the aluminum exposure concentration. In acidic waters (pH 4.6-5.3) with low concentrations of calcium (0.5-1.5 mg Ca/L), labile aluminum between 25 and 75 ug/L is toxic.
Because aluminum is toxic to many aquatic species, it is not bioaccumulated to a significant degree (BCF <300) in most fish and shellfish; therefore, consumption of contaminated fish does not
appear to be a significant source of aluminum exposure in humans.
Bioconcentration of aluminum has also been reported for several aquatic invertebrate species. BCF values ranging from 0.13 to 0.5 in the whole-body were reported for the snail. Bioconcentration
of aluminum has also been reported for aquatic insects.
Ecotoxicity:
Freshwater species pH >6.5
Fish: Acute LC50 (48-96 h) 5 spp: 0.6 (Salmo salar) - 106 mg/L; Chronic NOEC (8-28 d): 7 spp,NOEC, 0.034-7.1 mg/L. The lowest measured chronic figure was an 8-d LC50 of 0.17 mg/L for
Micropterus sp.
Amphibian: Acute LC50 (4 d): Bufo americanus, 0.86-1.66 mg/L; Chronic LC50 (8-d) 2.28 mg/L
Crustaceans LC50 (48 h): 1 sp 2.3-36 9 mg/L; Chronic NOEC (7-28 d) 3 spp, 0.136-1.72 mg/L
Algae EC50 (96 h): population growth, 0.46-0.57 mg/L; 2 spp, chronic NOEC, 0.8-2.0 mg/L
Freshwater species pH <6.5 (all between pH 4.5 and 6.0)
Fish LC50 (24-96 h): 4 spp, 0.015 (S. trutta) - 4.2 mg/L; chronic data on Salmo trutta, LC50 (21-42 d) 0.015- 0.105 mg/L
Amphibians LC50 (4-5 d): 2 spp, 0.540-2.670 m/L (absolute range 0.40-5.2 mg/L)
Alga: 1 sp NOEC growth 2.0 mg/L
Among freshwater aquatic plants, single-celled plants are generally the most sensitive to aluminium. Fish are generally more sensitive to aluminium than aquatic invertebrates. Aluminium is a gill
toxicant to fish, causing both ionoregulatory and respiratory effects.
The bioavailability and toxicity of aluminium is generally greatest in acid solutions. Aluminium in acid habitats has been observed to be toxic to fish and phytoplankton. Aluminium is generally more
toxic over the pH range 4.4.5.4, with a maximum toxicity occurring around pH 5.0.5.2. The inorganic single unit aluminium species (Al(OH)2 +) is thought to be the most toxic. Under very acid
conditions, the toxic effects of the high H+ concentration appear to be more important than the effects of low concentrations of aluminium; at approximately neutral pH values, the toxicity of
aluminium is greatly reduced. The solubility of aluminium is also enhanced under alkaline conditions, due to its amphoteric character, and some researchers found that the acute toxicity of
aluminium increased from pH 7 to pH 9. However, the opposite relationship was found in other studies. The uptake and toxicity of aluminium in freshwater organisms generally decreases with
increasing water hardness under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. Complexing agents such as fluoride, citrate and humic substances reduce the availability of aluminium to organisms,
resulting in lower toxicity. Silicon can also reduce aluminium toxicity to fish.
Drinking Water Standards:
aluminium: 200 ug/l (UK max.)
200 ug/l (WHO guideline)
chloride: 400 mg/l (UK max.)
250 mg/l (WHO guideline)
fluoride: 1.5 mg/l (UK max.)
1.5 mg/l (WHO guideline)
nitrate: 50 mg/l (UK max.)
50 mg/l (WHO guideline)
sulfate: 250 mg/l (UK max.)
Soil Guideline: none available.
Air Quality Standards: none available.
Biodegradation of azo dyes can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. In both cases, the initial step in the biodegradation is the reductive cleavage of the azo-bond. Under aerobic
conditions the initial step of cleavage of the azo-bond is typically followed by hydroxylation and ring opening of the aromatic intermediates.
The electron-withdrawal character of azo-groups generates electron deficiency and thus makes the compounds less susceptible to oxidative catabolism. As a consequence, many of these
chemicals tend to persist under aerobic environmental conditions. Aerobic degradation of azo dyes is not expected as oxygen is often an inhibitor of azo reduction. Biodegradation of these dyes by
aerobic sludge is reported to be insignificant as greater than 50% of the dye remains unchanged or is only slightly modified.
Reduction of azo dyes occurs primarily under anaerobic conditions through cleavage of the azo linkage. While azo dyes are generally stable under aerobic conditions, they are susceptible to
reductive degradation under the anaerobic conditions characteristic of sediment. A possible pathway of azo dye degradation is azo-reductase under anaerobic conditions followed by mineralisation
under aerobic conditions, with the resultant end products being NH3, CO2 and H2O.
The great majority of azo dyes are water soluble and they colour different substrates by becoming physically attached. The attachment may be due to adsorption, absorption or mechanical
adherence. Most of the commercial available azo dyes are in fact formulations of several components in order to improve the technical properties of the dyeing process.
The content of a specific dye lies in the range of 10 to 98%.
Soluble azo dyes, which are likely to remain in solution and therefore are unlikely to adsorb to sediment or sludge, the above anaerobic pathway is unlikely to occur.
An important natural abiotic degradation mechanism is photolysis and hydrolysis as a function of pH in the range of pH 4-9 . The evidence of the role of hydrolysis in degradation of azo dyes is not
Continued...
conclusive. Even though the dyes have absorption maxima in the range of visible and UV-light, photo-reduction does not play a dominant role in the environmental fate of dyes, although its
contribution to the total mineralisation of widely dispersed trace amounts may be underestimated. Furthermore, hydrolysis seems not to be an important degradation pathway either, except for
reactive dyes, which are hydrolysed rapidly in aqueous solution. For the metabolites, photolysis may be of some importance, whereas hydrolysis does not seem to be an important degradation route.
If the dye is not broken during rigors of biological waste treatment, it is unlikely to degrade rapidly in the less severe conditions of the environment. The reductive cleavage of the azo-bond is the
major degradation pathway for azo dyes. Photo-reduction of azo dyes to hydrazines and amines is possible, but it is likely to be very slow, except in oxygen-poor water. The stability of the dyes to
visible and UV-light is very high, and therefore only slow degradation has been shown. The photo-stability of azo dyestuffs is high in pure water but in the presence of natural humic materials, the
photo decomposition is strongly accelerated, probably through oxidation by single oxygen or oxy-radicals
Although azo dyes are generally not readily or inherently biodegradable, bioaccumulation or adsorption to sediment is not expected due to their, generally, low partition coefficient
Certain of the Acid and Basic azo dyes are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms (fish, crustaceans, algae and bacteria); this is also true of some Direct dyes. Reactive dyes generally have very high
effect concentration levels (>100 mg/l) and are not considered to be toxic to aquatic organisms. The non-ionic (Disperse and Solvent) dyes are toxic or potentially toxic. Solvent dyes may even be
acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. The Mordant dyes (nonionics) generally do not exhibit any toxicity at levels below 100 mg/l.
DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways.
Persistence and degradability

Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air
glycerol LOW LOW
triethanolamine LOW LOW
water LOW LOW
Bioaccumulative potential
Ingredient Bioaccumulation
glycerol LOW (LogKOW = -1.76)
triethanolamine LOW (BCF = 3.9)
water LOW (LogKOW = -1.38)
Mobility in soil
Ingredient Mobility
glycerol HIGH (KOC = 1)
triethanolamine LOW (KOC = 10)
water LOW (KOC = 14.3)
SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste treatment methods

Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty.
Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible.
Otherwise:
If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then
puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill.
Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product.
Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some
areas, certain wastes must be tracked.
A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate:
Reduction
Reuse
Product / Packaging Recycling
disposal Disposal (if all else fails)
This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. If it has been contaminated, it may be
possible to reclaim the product by filtration, distillation or some other means. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type.
Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate.
DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains.
It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal.
In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first.
Where in doubt contact the responsible authority.
Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.
Consult State Land Waste Authority for disposal.
Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site.
Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill.
SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION
Labels Required
Marine Pollutant NO
HAZCHEM Not Applicable
Land transport (ADG): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Sea transport (IMDG-Code / GGVSee): NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Continued...
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL and the IBC code

Not Applicable
SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
Safety, health and environmental regulations / legislation specific for the substance or mixture
ALUMINIUM OXIDE(1344-28-1.) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

Australia Exposure Standards International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by the IARC
Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) Monographs
SOLVENT NAPHTHA PETROLEUM, MEDIUM ALIPHATIC(64742-88-7) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
Australia Exposure Standards Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
Australia Hazardous Substances Information System - Consolidated Lists International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Classified by the IARC
Monographs
DISTILLATES, PETROLEUM, MIDDLE, HYDROTREATED(64742-46-7.) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

Monographs
GLYCEROL(56-81-5) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE(63148-62-9) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

Australia Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS)
C.I. FOOD RED 17 - DISODIUM SALT(25956-17-6) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS
TRIETHANOLAMINE(102-71-6) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

Monographs
WATER(7732-18-5) IS FOUND ON THE FOLLOWING REGULATORY LISTS

National Inventory Status

Australia - AICS Y
Canada - DSL Y
N (polydimethylsiloxane; solvent naphtha petroleum, medium aliphatic; glycerol; triethanolamine; water; C.I. Food Red 17 - disodium salt; aluminium oxide;
Canada - NDSL
distillates, petroleum, middle, hydrotreated)
China - IECSC Y
Europe - EINEC / ELINCS /
N (polydimethylsiloxane)
NLP
Japan - ENCS N (polydimethylsiloxane; solvent naphtha petroleum, medium aliphatic; water; C.I. Food Red 17 - disodium salt; distillates, petroleum, middle, hydrotreated)
Korea - KECI Y
New Zealand - NZIoC Y
Philippines - PICCS Y
USA - TSCA Y
Y = All ingredients are on the inventory
Legend:
N = Not determined or one or more ingredients are not on the inventory and are not exempt from listing(see specific ingredients in brackets)
SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION
Other information
Ingredients with multiple cas numbers

Name CAS No
glycerol 56-81-5, 29796-42-7, 30049-52-6, 37228-54-9, 75398-78-6, 78630-16-7, 8013-25-0
25956-17-6, 64553-31-7, 66813-73-8
salt
Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using
available literature references.
A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at:
www.chemwatch.net
The SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other
settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered.
Definitions and abbreviations

PC－TWA: Permissible Concentration-Time Weighted Average
Continued...
PC－STEL: Permissible Concentration-Short Term Exposure Limit

IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ACGIH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TEEL: Temporary Emergency Exposure Limit。
IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations
OSF: Odour Safety Factor
NOAEL :No Observed Adverse Effect Level
LOAEL: Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
TLV: Threshold Limit Value
LOD: Limit Of Detection
OTV: Odour Threshold Value
BCF: BioConcentration Factors
BEI: Biological Exposure Index
This document is copyright.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written
permission from CHEMWATCH.
TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700.
end of SDS

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Motor Active Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 2

SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / MIXTURE AND OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING

Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Emergency telephone number

SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixture

CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS

Poisons Schedule Not Applicable

GHS label elements

SIGNAL WORD DANGER

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction.

Precautionary statement(s) Prevention

Precautionary statement(s) Response

Precautionary statement(s) Storage

Precautionary statement(s) Disposal

SECTION 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures

If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

SECTION 5 FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture

Advice for firefighters

SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

LAND SPILL - SMALL

Feathers - pillow 1 throw pitchfork DGC, RT

LAND SPILL - MEDIUM

cross-linked polymer -particulate 1 blower skiploader R, W, SS

Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS.

SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE

Precautions for safe handling

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS (OEL)

Ingredient Original IDLH Revised IDLH

For aluminium oxide:

Type of Contaminant: Air Speed:

Within each range the appropriate value depends on:

Lower end of the range Upper end of the range

Safety glasses with side shields.

Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]

Recommended material(s) Respiratory protection

Material CPI Required Minimum Half-Face Full-Face Powered Air

SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Physical state Liquid Relative density (Water = 1) 1.18

Initial boiling point and

SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity See section 7

SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Information on toxicological effects

Oral (rat) LD50: >17000 mg/kg [2]

chronic bronchitis, and immunologic lung disease.

incidence of bladder carcinoma.

Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity

SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION