SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present
tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly,
which is why it's sometimes called present indefinite).
The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to
describe habits, unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements. The simple
present tense is simple to form. Just use the base form of the verb: (I take, you take, we take, they
take) The 3rd person singular takes an -s at the end. (he takes, she takes)

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED:

 To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and
wishes:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general
truth)
 To give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
 To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Your exam starts at 09.00
 To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

NOTES ON THE SIMPLE PRESENT, THIRD PERSON

SINGULAR
 In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
 Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the
infinitive of the verb.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
 Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
 Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject Verb The Rest of the sentence

I / you / we / they speak / learn English at home

he / she / it speaks / learns English at home
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes
 kiss – kisses
 fix – fixes
 buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries
 worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says

Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense

To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't with all verbs
EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might, should etc.).

 Affirmative: You speak French.

Negative: You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We use Don't when the
subject is I, you, we or they.

 Affirmative: He speaks German.

Negative: He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and the verb to make a
negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence
(because it is in third person) disappears in the negative sentence. We will see the reason why
below.

Negative Contractions
Don't = Do not
Doesn't = Does not

I don't like meat = I do not like meat.

There is no difference in meaning though we normally use contractions in spoken English
Questions in the Simple Present Tense
To make a question in English we normally use Do or Does. It has no translation in Spanish
though it is essential to show we are making a question. It is normally put at the beginning of the
question.

 Affirmative: You speak English.

Question: Do you speak English?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to make it a question.
We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

 Affirmative: He speaks French.

Question: Does he speak French?

When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative
sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence
(because it is in third person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must,
might, should etc.)

Word Order of Questions with Do and Does

The following is the word order to construct a basic question in English using Do or Does.

Do/Does Subject Verb* The Rest of the sentence

Do I / you / we / they have / need

a new bike?
Does he / she / it want etc.
*Verb: The verb that goes here is the base form of the infinitive = The infinitive without TO before
the verb. Instead of the infinitive To have it is just the have part.

Remember that the infinitive is the verb before it is conjugated (changed) and it begins with TO.
For example: to have, to eat, to go, to live, to speak etc.

Examples of Questions with Do and Does:

 Do you need a dictionary?

 Does Mary need a dictionary?
 Do we have a meeting now?
 Does it rain a lot in winter?
 Do they want to go to the party?
 Does he like pizza?
 RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS
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

 A. PRESENT TENSE

 1. Simple Present Tense
Formula :
 +) S + V1 + O/C
 -) S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
 ?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :
 +) Sisca Reads book everyday
 -) Sisca does not Read book everyday
 ?) does Sisca Read book everyday
  Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
  For I, We, You, They = do
  He, She, It = Does
 Example Sentence :
 (+) She is a new people here.
 (-) She isn’t a new people here.
 (?) Is she a new people here?


2. Present Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 +) S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing
badminton now
 -) S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They are not playing
badminton now
 ?) Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are they playing
badminton now ?
  Yes They are / no they are not
  For I = am
  They, we, you = are
  He, She, It = Is

Example Sentence :
 (+) He is playing badminton now
 (-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
 (?) Is he playing badminton now.



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3. Present Perfect Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Example :
 (+) you have eaten mine.
 (-) she has not been to Rome.
 (?) have you finished?

 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + have/has + been + Ving
 (-) : S + have/has + not + been + Ving
 (?) : Have/has + S + been + Ving

Example :
 (+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
 (-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
 (?) Has she been going to Malang ?


 B. PAST TENSE

 5. Simple Past Tense
 Formula :
 +} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
 -} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
 ?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :
 +} We were at school yesterday
 -} We were not at school yesterday
 ?} Were we at school yesterday ?
  For I, He, She, It = Was
  They, we, you = were

Example Sentence :
 (+) I saw a good film last night
 (-) I saw not a good film last night
 (?) Saw I a good film last night

 6. Past Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + was/were + Ving
 (-) : S + was/were + NOT + Ving
 (?) : Was/Were + S + Ving

Example :
 (+) They were talking about sport when I met him.
 (-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him.
 (?) Were they talking about sport when I met him.


7. Past Perfect Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
 (+) : S + had + V3
 (-) : S + had + not + V3
 (?) : Had + S + V3

Example :
 (+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
 (-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
 (?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?


8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Example :
 (+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
 (-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
 (?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?



C. FUTURE TENSE

 9. Simple Future Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Example :
 (+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
 (-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
 (?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?


10. Future Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Example :
 (+) I will be writing a comic.
 (-) I will not writing a comic.
 (?) Will I be writing a comic ?


11. Future Perfect Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Example :
 (+) You will have forgotten me by then.
 (-) We will not have left.
 (?) Will they have received it?


12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main
verb

Example :
 (+) I will have been reading a news paper.
 (-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
 (?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?



D. PAST FUTURE TENSE


 13. Past Future Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + would + V1
 (-) : S + would + not + V1
 (?) : Would + S + V1

Example :
 (+) They would buy a home the previous day.
 (-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
 (?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?


14. Past Future Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + would + be + Ving
 (-) : S + would + not + be + Ving
 (?) : Would + S + be + Ving

Example :
 (+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
 (-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
 (?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?


15. Past Future Perfect Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + would + have + V3
 (-) : S + would + not + have + V3
 (?) : Would + S + have + V3

Example :
 (+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
 (-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
 (?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?


16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
 Formula :
 (+) : S + would + have + been + Ving
 (-) : S + would + not + have + been + Ving
 (?) : Would + S + have + been + Ving

Example :
 (+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
 (-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
 (?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?