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    Causes and Effects of Earthquakes

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    Karma Akabane
    1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates deep underground or by volcanic activity near the earth's surface. 2) Major natural causes of earthquakes include the collision of continental plates with oceanic plates, movement of magma during volcanic eruptions, and the dislocation or shifting of the earth's crust. 3) Earthquakes can have both destructive effects like collapsing buildings and triggering tsunamis, and constructive effects like creating hot springs or changing coastal landscapes.

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    Causes and Effects of Earthquakes

    Uploaded by

    Karma Akabane
    161 views4 pages
    1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates deep underground or by volcanic activity near the earth's surface. 2) Major natural causes of earthquakes include the collision of continental plates with oceanic plates, movement of magma during volcanic eruptions, and the dislocation or shifting of the earth's crust. 3) Earthquakes can have both destructive effects like collapsing buildings and triggering tsunamis, and constructive effects like creating hot springs or changing coastal landscapes.

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    Earthquake

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    1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates deep underground or by volcanic activity near the earth's surface. 2) Major natural causes of earthquakes include the collision of continental plates with oceanic plates, movement of magma during volcanic eruptions, and the dislocation or shifting of the earth's crust. 3) Earthquakes can have both destructive effects like collapsing buildings and triggering tsunamis, and constructive effects like creating hot springs or changing coastal landscapes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    161 views4 pages

    Causes and Effects of Earthquakes

    Uploaded by

    Karma Akabane
    1) Earthquakes are caused by the sudden movement of tectonic plates deep underground or by volcanic activity near the earth's surface. 2) Major natural causes of earthquakes include the collision of continental plates with oceanic plates, movement of magma during volcanic eruptions, and the dislocation or shifting of the earth's crust. 3) Earthquakes can have both destructive effects like collapsing buildings and triggering tsunamis, and constructive effects like creating hot springs or changing coastal landscapes.

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    Earthquake refers to the sudden violent

    movement of the earth’s crust. It creates


    seismic waves. It often causes great
    destruction. Its causes and effects are
    mentioned below.

    Natural Causes of Earthquake:


    1. Tectonic Movement: This
    particularly happens when the
    continental plate collides against
    the oceanic plate. The oceanic plate
    is overridden by the continental
    plate. By a process called
    subduction jerky movements are
    caused along the inclined surface.
    Tectonic earthquakes have occurred
    in Assam in 1950.

    2. Volcanic Activity: Earthquakes


    may also be caused by the
    movement of lava beneath the
    surface of the earth during volcanic
    activity. The earthquakes due to
    Krakatoa volcanic eruption in 1883
    is a good example of volcanic
    eruption.

    3. Dislocation of the Earth’s crust:


    Earthquakes may be caused by the
    dislocation of the crust beneath the
    surface of the Earth.

    4. Adjustment in inner Rock Beds:


    Earthquakes are also caused where
    is an adjustment between Sima
    [i.e., beneath the ocean is formed
    by Silica and Magnesium = Si + ma
    = Sima] and Sial (i.e., Continent is
    formed by Silica and Aluminium = Si
    + al = Sial) in the interior of the
    Earth’s Crust. This Earthquake may
    be called as a Plutonic Earthquake.
    5. Pressure of gases in the interior:
    The expansion and contraction of
    gases in the interior of the Earth
    sometimes cause a sudden shake
    on the Earth’s surface.

    6. Other Causes:
    1. Landslides and avalanches,

    2. Denudation of the
    Landmasses and
    depositions of materials,

    3. Faulting and folding in the


    rock beds are responsible for
    causing minor
    earthquakes.

    Man-made Earthquakes:

    1. The impounding of large quantities of


    water behind dams disturbs the
    crustal balance. This causes
    earthquakes such as the Koyna
    earthquake in Maharashtra.

    2. The shock waves through rocks set


    up by the underground testing of
    Atom bombs or Hydrogen bombs
    may be severe to cause earthquake.
    Effects of Earthquake
    Destructive Effects:

    1. Earthquake causes dismantling of


    buildings, bridge and other
    structures at or near epicenter.
    Many men and animals are killed or
    buried under collapsed houses.

    2. Rails are folded, underground wires


    broken. Fire breaks out inevitably in
    large towns.

    3. Earthquakes originate sea waves


    called Tsunamis.

    4. Earthquakes result in the formation


    of cracks and fissures on the ground
    formation.

    5. The earthquakes cause landslides


    and disturb the isostatic
    equilibrium.

    6. Landslide due to earthquake may


    block valleys to form lakes.

    Constructive Effects:
    1. Sometimes the earthquakes cause
    formation of hot springs which are
    very useful to people.
    2. The earthquakes sometimes cause
    submergence in coastal land, and
    result in formation of inlets, bays
    and gulfs which help to develop of
    fishing and shipping etc.

    3. Sometimes, the earthquakes cause


    emergence of costs and bring
    fertile shore out of water to give
    chance to develop crop production.

    Earthquake Belts:
    1. The Circum-Pacific Mountain
    belt: About 70% of all earthquakes
    happen here. These cover islands
    areas of Japan, Philippines and
    Indonesia shaped like an arc. This
    belt is also known as the Pacific
    Ring of Fire.
    2. The Mid-World Mountain Belt:
    About 20%, of all earthquakes occur
    in this belt covering parts of Europe
    and Asia.
    3. Other Belts: Remaining 10% are
    scattered in 0-700 km range over
    ocean floor, rift valleys and other
    areas.

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