Answers To Selected Problems: Chopra: Prentice-Hall PAGES JUL. 19, 2000 14:45 ICC Oregon (503) 221-9911
Answers To Selected Problems: Chopra: Prentice-Hall PAGES JUL. 19, 2000 14:45 ICC Oregon (503) 221-9911
Answers To Selected Problems: Chopra: Prentice-Hall PAGES JUL. 19, 2000 14:45 ICC Oregon (503) 221-9911
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Answers to Selected Problems
Chapter 1
1.1 ke = k1 + k2 ; m ü + ke u = p(t)
(k1 + k2 )k3
1.3 ke = ; m ü + ke u = p(t)
k1 + k2 + k3
3g 3g
1.5 θ̈ + = 0; ωn =
2L 2L
m R2 π d4G
1.8 θ̈ + θ =0
2 32L
w 3E I
1.10 ü + 3 u = 0
g L
ke k(48E I /L 3 )
1.12 ωn = ; ke =
m k + 48E I /L 3
120 E Ic
1.15 m ü + u = p(t)
11 h 3
E Ic
1.16 m ü + 2 3 u = p(t)
h
√ AE √ AE
1.17 m ü x + 2 u x = 0; m ü y + 2 uy = 0
h h
817
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mh 2 AEh
1.18 ü θ + √ u θ = 0
6 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
po 4 po
∞
1
3.26 (a) p(t) = + 2 cos jω0 t
2 π j=1, 3, 5, ...
j2
u(t) 1 4
∞
1
(b) = + 2 cos jω0 t, where (u st )o = po /k,
(u st )o 2 π j=1, 3, 5, ... j 2 (1 − β j2 )
β j = jω0 /ωn , and β j = 1
(c) Two terms are adequate.
Chapter 4
u(t) ζ
4.9 = 1 − e−ζ ωn t cos ω D t + sin ω D t
(u st )o 1 − ζ2
uo
= 1 + exp(−nζ / 1 − ζ 2 )
(u st )o
4.12 u o 12.2 in.; u 0 6.1 in.
4.17 u o = 0.536 in.; σ = 18.9 ksi
4.18 u o = 2.105 in.; σ = 37.2 ksi
po 4 ωn t1
4.23 uo = sin ωn t1 sin
k ωn t1 2
uo 4π td
4.24 = ; error = 5.9%
(u st )o 3 Tn
4.26 (a) Vb = 15.08 kips, Mb = 1206 kip-ft; (b) increase in mass has the effect of
reducing the dynamic response.
Chapter 5
5.2 Check numerical results against the theoretical solution in Tables E5.1a, b.
5.4 Check numerical results against the theoretical solution in Table E5.2.
5.8 Check numerical results against the theoretical solution in Table E5.3.
5.9 Check numerical results against the theoretical solution; the numerical results are
large in error, but the solution is stable.
5.11 Check numerical results against the theoretical solution in Table E5.4.
Chapter 6
u̇ go ζ −1 1 − ζ2
6.4 D= Tn exp − tan
2π 1 − ζ2 ζ
2
2π 2π
V = D; A = D
Tn Tn
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6.14 (a) u o = 0.674 in., M = 40.65 kip-ft; (b) u o = 2.7 in., M = 81.30 kip-ft
6.15 u o = 2.7 in., M = 81.30 kip-ft at top of column
6.16 (a) u o = 0.316 in., M = 18.3 kip-ft
(b) u o = 0.101 in., pbrace = 3.53 kips
Chapter 7
sec; 8.16Tn−2.74 for 10 < Tn ≤ 33 sec; and 0.614Tn−2 for Tn > 33 sec
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7.7
Tn = 0.02 sec Tn = 0.2 sec Tn = 2 sec
µ f y /w u m (in.) f y /w u m (in.) f y /w u m (in.)
Chapter 8
103m L 2 k L2 9L
8.2 (a) m̃ θ̈ + c̃θ̇ + k̃θ = p̃(t), m̃ = , c̃ = c, k̃ = , p̃(t) = p(t);
64 4 8
√ √ 72x
(b) ωn 16k/103m, ζ = 8c/ 103km L 4 ; (c) u(x, t) = e−ζ ωn t sin ω D t
103m Lω D
m L3 cL 3 k L3 L2
8.4 (a) m̃ θ̈ + c̃θ̇ + k̃θ = p̃(t); m̃ = ; c̃ = k̃ = ; p̃(t) = p(t)
12 12 12 6
m
8.5 z = vertical deflection of lower end of spring; m̃ z̈ + c̃ż + k̃z = p̃(t); m̃ = ;
3
c k 2
c̃ = ; k̃ = ; p̃(t) = − p(t)
4 5 5
8.7 (a) Vo (L/2) = 1426 kips, Mo (L/2) = 0.2399 × 106 kip-ft, Vbo = 1739 kips,
Mbo = 0.7368 × 106 kip-ft; (b) u o (L) = 25.1 in.
8.9 (a) Vo (L/2) = 216 kips, Mo (L/2) = 3.629 × 104 kip-ft, Vbo = 263 kips,
Mbo = 11.15 × 104 kip-ft;
(b) u o (L) = 3.79 in.
8.10 u 1o = 0.519, u 2o = 0.830, u 3o = 0.934 in.; V3o = 41.2, V2o = 114.4, Vbo = 160.2
kips; M2o = 494, M1o = 1867, Mbo = 3789 kip-ft
8.12 u 1o = 0.312, u 2o = 0.624, u 3o = 0.935 in.; V3o = 48.2, V2o = 112.4, V1o = 144.5
kips; M2o = 578, M1o = 1927, Mbo = 3661 kip-ft
8.15 Floor displacements (in.): 1.34, 2.39, 3.39, 3.98, 4.28
Story shears (kips): 38.5, 110, 171, 214, 238
Floor overturning moments (kip-ft): 462, 1782, 3833, 6399, 9255
8.17 ωn = 0.726 E I /m L 3
√ √
8.18 ω1 = 2.536k/m, ψ1 = 1 0.366 T ; ω2 = 9.464k/m, ψ2 = 1 −1.366 T
π 4 E I /32L 3
8.19 ωn2 =
if ψ(x) = 1 − cos π x
m 1 + (π 2 /16)(R/L)2 2L
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Chapter 9
mL 1 0 ü 1 162E I 8 −7 u1 p1 (t)
9.2 + =
3 0 1 ü 2 5L 3 −7 8 u2 p2 (t)
m 2 1 EI 28 −10
9.4 m= ,k= 3
6 1 2 L −10 4
1 ü 1 EI 37.15 −15.12 u1 p1 (t)
9.6 m + 3 =
0.5 ü 2 h −15.12 10.19 u2 p2 (t)
1 ü 1 EI 40.85 −23.26 5.11 u1 p1 (t)
9.9 m 1 ü 2 + 3 −23.26 31.09 −14.25 u 2 = p2 (t)
0.5 ü 3 h 5.11 −14.25 10.06 u3 p3 (t)
1 ü 1 EI 33.36 −14.91 1.94 u 1 p 1 (t)
9.11 m 1 ü 2 + 3 15.96 −5.49 u 2 = p2 (t)
0.5 ü h (sym) 3.92 u p (t)
3 3 3
9.13 u = u 1 u 2 u 3 , where u 1 is the horizontal displacement of the masses and u 2
and u 3 are the vertical displacements of the right and left masses, respectively.
mü + ku = peff (t)
5 3E I 28 6 −6
m=m 1 ,k = 6 7 3 ; peff (t) = −mιü g (t)
1 10L 3 −6 3 7
1 0 0 for ü g (t) = ü gx (t)
0 1 1
for ü g (t) = ü gy (t)
1
ι =
T √ 1 √ √1 for ü g (t) = ü gbd (t)
2 2 2
− 2 √12 √12
√1
for ü g (t) = ü gbc (t)
−L L − L for ü g (t) = ü gθ (t)
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Chapter 10
10.3 (a) u 1 (t) = 0.5 cos ω1 t + 0.5 cos ω2 t; u 2 (t) = 0.5 cos ω1 t − 0.5 cos ω2 t
10.6 (a) ω1 = 3.750 E√I /mh 3 , ω2 = 9.052√ E I /mh 3 ,
φ1 = 1 2 T , φ2 = 1 − 2 T
10.7 ω1 = 1.971 E I /mh 3 , ω2 = 8.609 E I /mh 3 , φ1 = 0.919 1 T ,
φ2 = −0.544 1 T
10.8 (a) u 1 (t) = 1.207 cos ω1 t − 0.207 cos ω2 t, u 2 (t) = 1.707 cos ω1 t + 0.293 cos ω2 t
10.10 ω1 = 2.407 E I /mh 3 , ω2 = 7.193 E I /mh 3
φ1 = 0.482 1 −0.490/h − 0.490/h − 0.304/h − 0.304/hT
φ2 = −1.037 1 − 0.241/h − 0.241/h − 1.677/h − 1.677/hT
10.12 ωn = αn E I /mh 3 , α1 = 2.241, α2 = 4.899, α3 = 7.14; φ1 = 0.314 0.686 1 T ,
φ2 = −0.5 −0.5 1 T , φ3 = 3.186 −2.186 1 T
10.14 ωn = αn E I /mh 3 , α1 = 1.423, α2 = 4.257, α3 = 6.469; φ1 = 0.7 0.873 1 T ,
φ2 = −0.549 −0.133 1 T , φ3 = 1.301 −1.614 1 T
u 1 (t) 1.2440 −0.3333 0.0893
10.15 (a) u 2 (t) = 2.1547 cos ω1 t + 0 cos ω2 t + −0.1547 cos ω3 t
u 3 (t) 2.4880 0.3333 0.1786
u 1 (t) 0.935 0.065
10.16 (a) u 2 (t) = 2.04 cos ω1 t + −0.0668 cos ω3 t
u 3 (t) 2.98 0.0205
10.23 (a) ωn = αn E I /m L ; αn = 0.5259, 1.6135, 1.7321;
3
1 1 0
φ1 = −1.9492 , φ2 = 1.2826 , φ3 = 1
1.9492 −1.2826 1
u 1 (t) 0.3969 0.6031
(b) u 2 (t) = −0.7736 cos ω1 t + 0.7736 cos ω2 t
u 3 (t) 0.7736 −0.7736
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Chapter 11
0.824 −0.257
0
11.1 c = (sym) −0.110 , ζ2 = 0.0430
0.604
0.229
0.848 −0.234 −0.023
11.2, 11.4 c = (sym) 0.628 −0.133
0.252
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
13.7 Peak values of total responses: u 1 = 0.580 in., u 2 = 0.957 in., u 3 = 1.103 in.,
Vb = 189.3 kips, V2 = 138.1 kips, V3 = 52.2 kips, Mb = 4321 kip-ft, M2 = 2268
kip-ft, M1 = 627 kip-ft
13.9 M1∗ = 2.3213m, M2∗ = 0.1667m, M3∗ = 0.0121m
h ∗1 = 2h, h ∗2 = −h, h ∗3 = 2h
13.11 (a) Floor displacements: u 1 (t) = 0.427D1 (t) + 0.377D2 (t) + 0.197D3 (t),
u 2 (t) = 1.007D1 (t) + 0.182D2 (t) − 0.189D3 (t),
u 3 (t) = 1.352D1 (t) − 0.508D2 (t) + 0.157D3 (t)
(b) Bending moments in first-story column:
Mtop = mh [0.301A1 (t) + 0.068A2 (t) + 0.023A3 (t)] ,
Mbase = mh [0.753A1 (t) + 0.084A2 (t) + 0.020A3 (t)]
Bending moments at ends of second floor beams:
Ma = Mb = mh [−0.541A1 (t) + 0.057A2 (t) + 0.003A3 (t)]
13.32 (i) u(t) = 0.8889u go sin 6.667t, u t (t) = 1.3889u go sin 6.667t,
M = −(3E I /L 2 )u(t); (ii) u(t) = 1.7778u go sin 6.667t,
u t (t) = 2.7778u go sin 6.667t, M = −(3E I /L 2 )u(t)
13.54
u 3 (in.) Va (kips) Vb (kips)
SRSS 165.0 3.158 144.3
CQC 77.27 1.465 182.3
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13.58
u x (in.) u y (in.) (b/2)u θ (in.) Vx (kips) Vy (kips) T (kip-in.)
CQC 6.286 6.309 1.662 56.6 52.4 2331.4
SRSS 6.286 6.306 1.678 56.6 52.3 2357.8
Bending moments (kip-in.):
May Max Mby Mbx Mcy Mcx Mdy Md x
CQC 1108 1055 554.0 845.5 824.2 845.5 1648 1055
SRSS 1405 1050 702.7 847.1 702.7 847.1 1405 1050
13.59
Displacement SRSS Rule (in.) CQC Rule (in.)
ux 0.724 0.767
uy 0.470 0.544
uz 0.421 0.195
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
16.2 ωn = αn E I /m L 4 ; α1 = 15.42, α2 = 49.97, and α3 = 104.2
L 2W L 3 cos ω3 t cos ω5 t cos ω7 t
16.4 u ,t =− 4 cos ω1 t + + + + ···
2 π EI 81 625 2401
L 8 pL 4 1 − cos ω2 t 1 − cos ω6 t 1 − cos ω10 t
16.6 u ,t = 5 − + − ···
4 π EI 32 7776 100,000
16.7 u(L/2, t) = q1 (t) − q3 (t) + q5 (t) − q7 (t) − q9 (t) − · · ·
where qn (t) is given
by (valid if ω n = nπ ν/L)
2 po 1 ωn2 nπ ν (nπ ν/L)2
qn (t) = 1 − cos t + cos ω n t
nπm ωn2 ωn2 − (nπ ν/L)2 L ωn2 − (nπ ν/L)2
t ≤ L/ν
2 po 1 ωn2
qn (t) = 2− 1+ 2 (−1) cos ωn (t − td )
n
nπm ωn2 ωn − (nπ ν/L)2
(nπν/L)2
+ 2 cos ωn t t ≥ L/ν
ωn − (nπ ν/L)2
16.11 u o (L) = 7.410 in., Vbo = 1365 kips, Mbo = 186,503 kip-ft
Chapter 17
11.765 E I 130.467 E I
17.2 ω̃1 = , ω̃2 =
L2 mo L2 mo
φ̃1 (x) = 1.0 sin(πx/L) − 0.0036 sin(3πx/L)
φ̃2 (x) = 0.2790 sin(πx/L) + 0.9603 sin(3πx/L)
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