2002 Amc 8
2002 Amc 8
2002 Amc 8
18th Annual
AMC 8
(American Mathematics Contest 8)
Solutions Pamphlet
Tuesday, NOVEMBER 19, 2002
This Solutions Pamphlet gives at least one solution for each problem on this year’s
exam and shows that all the problems can be solved using material normally associ-
ated with the mathematics curriculum for students in eighth grade or below. These
solutions are by no means the only ones possible, nor are they necessarily superior
to others the reader may devise.
We hope that teachers will share these solutions with their students. However, the
publication, reproduction, or communication of the problems or solutions of the
AMC 8 during the period when students are eligible to participate seriously jeopardizes
the integrity of the results. Duplication at any time via copier, telephone, e-mail,
World Wide Web or media of any type is a violation of the copyright law.
Correspondence about the problems and solutions should be addressed to:
Ms. Bonnie Leitch, AMC 8 Chair / [email protected]
548 Hill Avenue, New Braunfels, TX 78130
Orders for prior year Exam questions and Solutions Pamphlets should be addressed to:
Titu Andreescu, AMC Director / [email protected]
American Mathematics Competitions, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
P.O. Box 81606
Lincoln, NE 68501-1606
Copyright © 2002, Committee on the American Mathematics Competitions
Mathematical Association of America
Solutions AMC 8 2002 2
11. (C) To build the second square from the first, add 3 tiles. To build the third
from the second, add 5 tiles. The pattern of adding an odd number of tiles
continues. For the fourth square, add 7; for the fifth, add 9; for the sixth, add
11 and for the seventh, add 13.
OR
OR
To build the second square from the first, add 2 + 1 = 3 tiles. To build
the third from the second, add 3 + 2 = 5 tiles. The pattern continues and
7 + 6 = 13.
12. (B) Since the sum of the three probabilities is 1, the probability of stopping
on region C is 1 − 13 − 12 = 66 − 62 − 36 = 61 .
14. (B) The first discount means that the customer will pay 70% of the original
price. The second discount means a selling price of 80% of the discounted
price. Because 0.80(0.70) = 0.56 = 56%, the customer pays 56% of the
original price and thus receives a 44% discount.
15. (E) Areas may be found by dividing each polygon into triangles and squares
as shown.
5 5 4 12
5
5 21
A B C D E
OR
OR
OR
5x − 2(10 − x) = 29
5x − 20 + 2x = 29
7x = 49
x=7
18. (E) In 5 days, Gage skated for 5 × 75 = 375 minutes, and in 3 days he skated
for 3 × 90 = 270 minutes. So, in 8 days he skated for 375 + 270 = 645 minutes.
To average 85 minutes per day for 9 days he must skate 9 × 85 = 765 minutes,
so he must skate 765 − 645 = 120 minutes = 2 hours the ninth day.
OR
For 5 days Gage skated 10 minutes under his desired average, and for 3 days
he skated 5 minutes over his desired average. So, on the ninth day he needs
to make up 5 × 10 − 3 × 5 = 50 − 15 = 35 minutes. To do this, on the ninth
day he must skate for 85 + 35 = 120 minutes = 2 hours.
Solutions AMC 8 2002 5
19. (D) Numbers with exactly one zero have the form 0 or 0, where the blanks
are not zeros. There are (9 · 1 · 9) + (9 · 9 · 1) = 81 + 81 = 162 such numbers.
A B
Y D C E Z
OR
21. (E) There are 16 possible outcomes: HHHH, HHHT , HHT H, HT HH,
T HHH, HHT T , HT HT , HT T H, T HT H, T HHT , T T HH and HT T T ,
T HT T , T T HT , T T T H, T T T T . The first eleven have at least as many heads
as tails. The probability is 11
16 .
22. (C) When viewed from the top and bottom, there are 4 faces exposed; from
the left and right sides, there are 4 faces exposed and from the front and back,
there are 5 faces exposed. The total is 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 5 = 26 exposed
faces.
OR
Before the cubes were glued together, there were 6 × 6 = 36 faces exposed.
Five pairs of faces were glued together, so 5 × 2 = 10 faces were no longer
exposed. This leaves 36 − 10 = 26 exposed faces.
Solutions AMC 8 2002 6
23. (B) The 6 × 6 square in the upper left-hand region is tessellated, so finding
the proportion of darker tiles in this region will answer the question.
¡ ¢ The top
left-hand corner of this region is a 3 × 3 square that has 3 + 2 12 = 4 darker
tiles. So 49 of the total area will be made of darker tiles.
24. (B) Use 6 pears to make 16 oz of pear juice and 6 oranges to make 24 oz
of orange juice for a total of 40 oz of juice. The percent of pear juice is
16 4
40 = 10 = 40%.
OR
Miki can make 8 oz of orange juice with 2 oranges, so she can make 4 oz of
orange juice with 1 orange. She can make 8 oz of pear juice from 3 pears,
so she can make 83 oz of pear juice from 1 pear. With 1 orange and 1 pear,
she can make 4 + 83 = 20 8
3 oz of the blend, of which 3 oz is pear juice. As a
8
8 4
percent, 3
20 = 20 = 10 = 40% of the blend is pear juice.
3
25. (B) Only the fraction of each friend’s money is important, so we can assume
any convenient amount is given to Ott. Suppose that each friend gave Ott
$1. If this is so, then Moe had $5 orignally and now has $4, Loki had $ 4 and
now has $3, and Nick had $3, and now has $2. The four friends now have
3
$4 + $3 + $2 + $3 = $12, so Ott has 12 = 14 of the group’s money. This same
reasoning applies to any amount of money.
The
American Mathematics Contest 8 (AMC 8)
Sponsored by
The Mathematical Association of America
The Akamai Foundation
University of Nebraska – Lincoln
Contributors
American Mathematical Association of Two Year Colleges
American Mathematical Society
American Society of Pension Actuaries
American Statistical Association
Canada/USA Mathcamp and Mathpath
Casualty Actuarial Society
Clay Mathematics Institute
Consortium for Mathematics and its Applications
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Kappa Mu Epsilon
Mu Alpha Theta
National Association of Mathematicians
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Pi Mu Epsilon
School Science and Mathematics Association
Society of Actuaries