Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA

Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Beam: RHB2

Code of Beam size, conc/steel grade and concrete cover

Practice
Beam width = 300 mm fcu = 30 N/mm2
BS8110 : Beam depth = 600 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Pt 1 : 1990 Concrete cover = 25 mm fyv = 460 N/mm2
Effective depth of
i. Tension reinf, d = 552.50 mm
ii. Comp. Reinf, d' = 41.00 mm

Design of flexural reinforcement

Cl 3.4.4.4 Max. moment = 249.3 kNm

K= 0.091 ~Singly Reinforced

z= 489.64 mm
As' req = 360.00 mm2 ~Provide nominal compression reinf
As req = 1272.23 mm2 ~Tension reinforcement

As min (tension reinf) = 234.00 mm2

As prov (tension reinf) = 1472.62 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.82 % Ac >0.13% and <4.0%, ok
Tension reinf provided : 3T25

As' min (comp. reinf) = 360.00 mm2 ~Governed, provide nominal bar
As' prov (comp. reinf) = 339.29 mm2 ~ Increase As' prov !!!
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.19 % Ac Provide Asmin
Comp reinf provided : 3T12

Design of shear link

Cl 3.4.5.2 Max. shear force, Vs = 167 kN v, max = 4.3818 N/mm2

Shear stress, vs = 1.0075 N/mm2 < v, max, ok

Shear stress at distance d from the support :

Shear force, Vd = 167 kN
Shear stress, vd = 1.0075 N/mm2

100As/bd = 0.888
400/d = 1.000
Design concrete shear
Table 3.9 stess, vc = 0.646 N/mm2
Table 3.8 Asv/Sv = 0.300

Bar size used = 10 mm

No. of legs = 4
Sv max = 414.375 mm

sw Liong
Link spacing = 414.375 mm ~ Provide 2T10-300

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Deflection check

Cl 3.4.6 Span length, L = 8400 mm

Support condition = 2 ( 1=cantilever, 2=simply supported, 3=continuous)
Table 3.10 Basic L/d = 20

Table 3.11 M/bd^2 = 2.72

fs = 248.38 N/mm2
Modification factor for 1.076
tension reinforcement =

Table 3.12 100As'prov/bd = 0.20

Modification factor for 1.06
compression reinforcement =

Allowable L/d = 22.89

Actual L/d = 15.20 ~Deflection passed

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Design for Torsion

Ultimate torsional moment,T = 2.00 KNm

x1 = 250 mm
y1 = 550 mm
Cl 2.4.4, eq 2 Torsional shear stress, vt = 0.0889 N/mm^2 ~Torsional reinf. is not required

Cl 2.4.6 Minimum torsional shear stress,

Table 2.3 vt, min = 0.3670 N/mm^2
Maximum combined shear stress (shear + torsion),
vtu = 4.3818 N/mm^2

10
2

sw Liong
Provided tension reinf
Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 25 3 3T25
2
3

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 3 3T12
2
3

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 300

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 150

Provided tension reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2 16 2 2T16
3 10 2 2T10

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 2 2T20
2 10 2 2T10
3 10 2 2T10

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012
Beam: RHB2

Code of Beam size, conc/steel grade and concrete cover

Practice
Beam width = 300 mm fcu = 30 N/mm2
BS8110 : Beam depth = 600 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Pt 1 : 1990 Concrete cover = 25 mm fyv = 460 N/mm2
Effective depth of
i. Tension reinf, d = 555.00 mm
ii. Comp. Reinf, d' = 41.00 mm

Design of flexural reinforcement

Cl 3.4.4.4 Max. moment = 175 kNm

K= 0.063 ~Singly Reinforced

z= 512.87 mm
As' req = 360.00 mm2 ~Provide nominal compression reinf
As req = 852.61 mm2 ~Tension reinforcement

As min (tension reinf) = 234.00 mm2

As prov (tension reinf) = 942.48 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.52 % Ac >0.13% and <4.0%, ok
Tension reinf provided : 3T20

As' min (comp. reinf) = 360.00 mm2 ~Governed, provide nominal bar
As' prov (comp. reinf) = 339.29 mm2 ~ Increase As' prov !!!
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.19 % Ac Provide Asmin
Comp reinf provided : 3T12

Design of shear link

Cl 3.4.5.2 Max. shear force, Vs = 167 kN v, max = 4.3818 N/mm2

Shear stress, vs = 1.0030 N/mm2 < v, max, ok

Shear stress at distance d from the support :

Shear force, Vd = 167 kN
Shear stress, vd = 1.0030 N/mm2

100As/bd = 0.566
400/d = 1.000
Design concrete shear
Table 3.9 stess, vc = 0.556 N/mm2
Table 3.8 Asv/Sv = 0.335

Bar size used = 10 mm

No. of legs = 4
Sv max = 416.25 mm

sw Liong
Link spacing = 416.25 mm ~ Provide 2T10-300

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Deflection check

Cl 3.4.6 Span length, L = 8400 mm

Support condition = 2 ( 1=cantilever, 2=simply supported, 3=continuous)
Table 3.10 Basic L/d = 20

Table 3.11 M/bd^2 = 1.89

fs = 260.09 N/mm2
Modification factor for 1.197
tension reinforcement =

Table 3.12 100As'prov/bd = 0.20

Modification factor for 1.06
compression reinforcement =

Allowable L/d = 25.46

Actual L/d = 15.14 ~Deflection passed

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Design for Torsion

Ultimate torsional moment,T = 2.00 KNm

x1 = 250 mm
y1 = 550 mm
Cl 2.4.4, eq 2 Torsional shear stress, vt = 0.0889 N/mm^2 ~Torsional reinf. is not required

Cl 2.4.6 Minimum torsional shear stress,

Table 2.3 vt, min = 0.3670 N/mm^2
Maximum combined shear stress (shear + torsion),
vtu = 4.3818 N/mm^2

10
2

sw Liong
Provided tension reinf
Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 3 3T20
2
3

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 3 3T12
2
3

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 300

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 150

Provided tension reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2 16 2 2T16
3 10 2 2T10

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 2 2T20
2 10 2 2T10
3 10 2 2T10

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012
Beam: RHB2

Code of Beam size, conc/steel grade and concrete cover

Practice
Beam width = 200 mm fcu = 30 N/mm2
BS8110 : Beam depth = 1000 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Pt 1 : 1990 Concrete cover = 25 mm fyv = 460 N/mm2
Effective depth of
i. Tension reinf, d = 957.00 mm
ii. Comp. Reinf, d' = 43.00 mm

Design of flexural reinforcement

Cl 3.4.4.4 Max. moment = 206 kNm

K= 0.037 ~Singly Reinforced

z= 909.15 mm
As' req = 400.00 mm2 ~Provide nominal compression reinf
As req = 566.18 mm2 ~Tension reinforcement

As min (tension reinf) = 260.00 mm2

As prov (tension reinf) = 603.19 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.30 % Ac >0.13% and <4.0%, ok
Tension reinf provided : 3T16

As' min (comp. reinf) = 400.00 mm2 ~Governed, provide nominal bar
As' prov (comp. reinf) = 402.12 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.20 % Ac >0.2% and <4.0%, ok
Comp reinf provided : 2T16

Design of shear link

Cl 3.4.5.2 Max. shear force, Vs = 132 kN v, max = 4.3818 N/mm2

Shear stress, vs = 0.6897 N/mm2 < v, max, ok

Shear stress at distance d from the support :

Shear force, Vd = 132 kN
Shear stress, vd = 0.6897 N/mm2

100As/bd = 0.315
400/d = 1.000
Design concrete shear
Table 3.9 stess, vc = 0.457 N/mm2
Table 3.8 Asv/Sv = 0.200

Bar size used = 10 mm

No. of legs = 4
Sv max = 717.75 mm

sw Liong
Link spacing = 717.75 mm ~ Provide 2T10-250

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Deflection check

Cl 3.4.6 Span length, L = 8400 mm

Support condition = 2 ( 1=cantilever, 2=simply supported, 3=continuous)
Table 3.10 Basic L/d = 20

Table 3.11 M/bd^2 = 1.12

fs = 269.86 N/mm2
Modification factor for 1.403
tension reinforcement =

Table 3.12 100As'prov/bd = 0.21

Modification factor for 1.07
compression reinforcement =

Allowable L/d = 29.89

Actual L/d = 8.78 ~Deflection passed

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Design for Torsion

Ultimate torsional moment,T = 2.00 KNm

x1 = 150 mm
y1 = 950 mm
Cl 2.4.4, eq 2 Torsional shear stress, vt = 0.1071 N/mm^2 ~Torsional reinf. is not required

Cl 2.4.6 Minimum torsional shear stress,

Table 2.3 vt, min = 0.3670 N/mm^2
Maximum combined shear stress (shear + torsion),
vtu = 4.3818 N/mm^2

10
2

sw Liong
Provided tension reinf
Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 3 3T16
2
3

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2
3

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 250

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 150

Provided tension reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2 16 2 2T16
3 10 2 2T10

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 2 2T20
2 10 2 2T10
3 10 2 2T10

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012
Beam: RHB2

Code of Beam size, conc/steel grade and concrete cover

Practice
Beam width = 200 mm fcu = 30 N/mm2
BS8110 : Beam depth = 600 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Pt 1 : 1990 Concrete cover = 25 mm fyv = 460 N/mm2
Effective depth of
i. Tension reinf, d = 559.00 mm
ii. Comp. Reinf, d' = 41.00 mm

Design of flexural reinforcement

Cl 3.4.4.4 Max. moment = 43 kNm

K= 0.023 ~Singly Reinforced

z= 531.05 mm
As' req = 240.00 mm2 ~Provide nominal compression reinf
As req = 202.33 mm2 ~Tension reinforcement

As min (tension reinf) = 156.00 mm2

As prov (tension reinf) = 339.29 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.28 % Ac >0.13% and <4.0%, ok
Tension reinf provided : 3T12

As' min (comp. reinf) = 240.00 mm2 ~Governed, provide nominal bar
As' prov (comp. reinf) = 339.29 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.28 % Ac >0.2% and <4.0%, ok
Comp reinf provided : 3T12

Design of shear link

Cl 3.4.5.2 Max. shear force, Vs = 40 kN v, max = 4.3818 N/mm2

Shear stress, vs = 0.3578 N/mm2 < v, max, ok

Shear stress at distance d from the support :

Shear force, Vd = 40 kN
Shear stress, vd = 0.3578 N/mm2

100As/bd = 0.303
400/d = 1.000
Design concrete shear
Table 3.9 stess, vc = 0.451 N/mm2
Table 3.8 Asv/Sv = 0.200

Bar size used = 10 mm

No. of legs = 4
Sv max = 419.25 mm

sw Liong
Link spacing = 419.25 mm ~ Provide 2T10-300

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Deflection check

Cl 3.4.6 Span length, L = 8400 mm

Support condition = 2 ( 1=cantilever, 2=simply supported, 3=continuous)
Table 3.10 Basic L/d = 20

Table 3.11 M/bd^2 = 0.69

fs = 171.44 N/mm2
Modification factor for 2.153
tension reinforcement =

Table 3.12 100As'prov/bd = 0.30

Modification factor for 1.09
compression reinforcement =

Allowable L/d = 47.03

Actual L/d = 15.03 ~Deflection passed

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Design for Torsion

Ultimate torsional moment,T = 2.00 KNm

x1 = 150 mm
y1 = 550 mm
Cl 2.4.4, eq 2 Torsional shear stress, vt = 0.1875 N/mm^2 ~Torsional reinf. is not required

Cl 2.4.6 Minimum torsional shear stress,

Table 2.3 vt, min = 0.3670 N/mm^2
Maximum combined shear stress (shear + torsion),
vtu = 4.3818 N/mm^2

10
2

sw Liong
Provided tension reinf
Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 3 3T12
2
3

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 3 3T12
2
3

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 300

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 150

Provided tension reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2 16 2 2T16
3 10 2 2T10

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 2 2T20
2 10 2 2T10
3 10 2 2T10

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012
Beam: RHB1

Code of Beam size, conc/steel grade and concrete cover

Practice
Beam width = 300 mm fcu = 30 N/mm2
BS8110 : Beam depth = 600 mm fy = 460 N/mm2
Pt 1 : 1990 Concrete cover = 25 mm fyv = 460 N/mm2
Effective depth of
i. Tension reinf, d = 559.00 mm
ii. Comp. Reinf, d' = 41.00 mm

Design of flexural reinforcement

Cl 3.4.4.4 Max. moment = 71.6 kNm

K= 0.025 ~Singly Reinforced

z= 531.05 mm
As' req = 360.00 mm2 ~Provide nominal compression reinf
As req = 336.90 mm2 ~Tension reinforcement

As min (tension reinf) = 234.00 mm2

As prov (tension reinf) = 452.39 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.25 % Ac >0.13% and <4.0%, ok
Tension reinf provided : 4T12

As' min (comp. reinf) = 360.00 mm2 ~Governed, provide nominal bar
As' prov (comp. reinf) = 452.39 mm2 ~ OK
Table 3.27 Percentage of rebar = 0.25 % Ac >0.2% and <4.0%, ok
Comp reinf provided : 4T12

Design of shear link

Cl 3.4.5.2 Max. shear force, Vs = 67 kN v, max = 4.3818 N/mm2

Shear stress, vs = 0.3995 N/mm2 < v, max, ok

Shear stress at distance d from the support :

Shear force, Vd = 67 kN
Shear stress, vd = 0.3995 N/mm2

100As/bd = 0.270
400/d = 1.000
Design concrete shear
Table 3.9 stess, vc = 0.434 N/mm2
Table 3.8 Asv/Sv = 0.300

Bar size used = 10 mm

No. of legs = 4
Sv max = 419.25 mm

sw Liong
Link spacing = 419.25 mm ~ Provide 2T10-300

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Deflection check

Cl 3.4.6 Span length, L = 8400 mm

Support condition = 2 ( 1=cantilever, 2=simply supported, 3=continuous)
Table 3.10 Basic L/d = 20

Table 3.11 M/bd^2 = 0.76

fs = 214.10 N/mm2
Modification factor for 1.867
tension reinforcement =

Table 3.12 100As'prov/bd = 0.27

Modification factor for 1.08
compression reinforcement =

Allowable L/d = 40.42

Actual L/d = 15.03 ~Deflection passed

sw Liong
Project : Berjaya Carpark Job No : NA
Desc : Ramp beam design Date : 26-Jun-2012

Design for Torsion

Ultimate torsional moment,T = 2.00 KNm

x1 = 250 mm
y1 = 550 mm
Cl 2.4.4, eq 2 Torsional shear stress, vt = 0.0889 N/mm^2 ~Torsional reinf. is not required

Cl 2.4.6 Minimum torsional shear stress,

Table 2.3 vt, min = 0.3670 N/mm^2
Maximum combined shear stress (shear + torsion),
vtu = 4.3818 N/mm^2

10
2

sw Liong
Provided tension reinf
Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 4 4T12
2
3

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 12 4 4T12
2
3

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 300

sw Liong
ADOPT LINK SPACING : 150

Provided tension reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 16 2 2T16
2 16 2 2T16
3 10 2 2T10

Provided compression reinf

Layer rebar dia nos. of rebar
1 20 2 2T20
2 10 2 2T10
3 10 2 2T10

sw Liong