M.sc. Chemistry Compiled Syllabus
M.sc. Chemistry Compiled Syllabus
M.sc. Chemistry Compiled Syllabus
(Chemistry)
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Programme
M.Sc. programme consists of two parts namely Part-I and Part-II. The Scheme of study,
Syllabi and Courses of Reading for the M.Sc. (Chemistry) Part-I and Part-II are given
below:
M.Sc. (Part-I)
M.Sc. (Part-II)
In M.Sc. Part-II the student will opt or be allotted one “major subject” out of the following:
(which he / she studied in M.Sc. Part-I)
A. Physical Chemistry
B. Inorganic Chemistry
C. Organic Chemistry
D. Biochemistry
E. Analytical Chemistry
F. Applied Chemistry
Page 1 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry)
In M.Sc. Part-II students will be divided into two streams 1) who are offered 100 marks
research thesis (about 40%). 2) who are offered 100 marks as special paper “elective
subject” (about 60%). The students will not have any right to opt for any of three (1)
Research thesis (2) Dissertation and (3) Special paper unless otherwise awarded by
the Institute.
Those students who would not be allotted research (due to lack of facilities in the
Institution) will opt / be allotted an “elective subject” instead of research and as an
Page 2 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry)
“elective subject” he/she will study the special paper (theory, Paper-I) of a second
major subject. The choice of this paper will be according to the following combinations:
Major Subjects Any one of the given two subjects for each major
subject may be opted / allotted as the elective subject.
Note: The Institute will undertake the teaching / research in the major as well as
elective subjects provided the facilities are available in regard to teachers
and equipment.
At present most of the M.Sc. students (Morning & Evening), in addition to course work
in Part-II, are awarded 100 marks research thesis for the fulfillment of their degree.
Page 3 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
1. Electrochemistry:
Idea of conductance of electrolytes, Deby-Huckle equation and limiting law, ionic
strength, weak electrolyte and Deby-Huckle theory, Activity and activity coefficients
of electrolytic solution, determination of activities, concentration cells, Types of
concentration cells, derivation of E.M.F of concentration cells with and without
transference, Fuel cells and hydrocarbon cells.
2. Quantum Chemistry:
Postulates of quantum theory, Eigen functions, operators, Schrödinger’s wave
equation, particle in one dimensional box, Normalized wave function and
orthogonality, Quantum mechanical tunneling, motion of particle in three
dimensional box and idea of degeneracy, separation of variables and derivation of
quantum numbers, Mathematical treatment of rigid rotator and calculation of bond
length of simple molecules, harmonic oscillator and calculation of bond length of
simple molecules, harmonic oscillator and calculation of vibrational frequencies,
formation of covalent bond, Mathematical treatment of He+ and H2 molecules,
discussion of overlapping integrals, molecular orbital theory and formation of H2
and O2 molecules.
3. Chemical kinetics:
Concept of rate law and order of reaction, Kinetics of 3rd order reaction with
different concentrations and molecular identity, kinetics of opposing, parallel and
consecutive reactions, basic experimental methods, Kinetics of thermally excited
chain reactions like reaction of H2 and Br2, kinetics of thermal decomposition of
ozone, N2O5 and CH3CHO.
5. Classical Thermodynamics:
Maxwell’s relations and thermodynamics formula, second law of thermodynamics,
Clausius inequality, the entropy of non ideality of a gas, Nerst heat theorem, its
applications to solid and gases, Nerst approximation formula, third law of
thermodynamics and determination of entropy by third law, Experimental
verification of third law. Adiabatic demagnetization.
6. Statistical Thermodynamics:
Sterling’s approximation, statistical treatment of entropy, partition function and its
physical significance, absolute entropy and partition functions, interpretation of
thermodynamic functions in terms of translational, rotational vibrational and
Page 4 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
electronic partition functions, Free energy and equilibrium constant from partition
function.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Physical Chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, 1995. Macmillan and Co. Ltd. St. marlins
Street, London.
2. Principles of Physical chemistry, Maron and Prutton, 1965 the Macmillan Company,
Collier Macmillan Ltd. London.
3. Physical Chemistry, Barrow, 1973, McGraw Hill, Tokyo.
4. Physical Chemistry, Moore, 1972, Rentice Hall, Englewood cliffs, Jersey.
5. Physical Chemistry, Alberty and Daniels, 1962, McGraw Hill Book Company Ltd
London.
6. Physical Chemistry, Castallan, 1972, Addson Westey Publishing Company, Menla
Park, California, London.
7. Physical Chemistry by Kundu, N and Jain, S.K.,S. Chand and Company Ltd. 1984.
8. Fundamentals of Chemical kinetics by Logan, S.R., Longman Group Ltd. 1996.
9. Elementry reaction kinetics by Latham. J.L. and burgess, A.E., 3rd Ed.,
Butterworths, London, 1997.
10. Physical Chemistry by Atkins, P.W., 5th Ed., W.H. Freeman and Company, New
Yark, 1994.
11. Physical Chemistry by Alberty, R.A. and Silbey, R.J., John Wiley, New York, 1995.
12. Physical Chemistry by Engel, T. and Ried, P., 1st Ed,. Pearson education, Inc. 2006.
13. Electrochemical Methods and applications by bard, A. and Faulkner, L.R., John
Wiley, New York, 1980. Elements of classical and statistical thermodynamics by
Nash, L.K. Addison Wesley Co. Ltd., 1979.
14. Hand book of surface and Colloid Chemistry by Birdi, K.S., CRC Press, 1997.
15. Heterogeneous Catalysis: Principles and applications by Bond, G.C., 2nd Ed., Oxford,
Clarendon press, 1987.
16. Surfactants and interfacial Phenomena by Rosen, Milton J., John Wiley, New York,
1978.
Page 5 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry (Practical) Paper – V
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Basic Concepts:
Preparation of standard molar and Normal solutions and percentage compositions
of different compounds.
2. Chemical Kinetics:
To investigate the kinetics of hydrolysis of ethyl in the presence of an acid.
To determine the relative strength of acids (HCl and H2SO4) studying the
hydrolysis of an ester.
4. Phase Equilibria:
To determine the partition coefficient of benzoic acid and iodine between CCl4 and
H2O.
5. Refractrometery:
To determine the unknown concentration of sucrose solution and ethanol solution.
7. Spectrophotometery:
To determine the wavelength of maximum absorption of compounds using
spectrophotometer.
To determine the unknown concentration of a compound using spectrophotometer.
8. Phase Equilibrium:
To determine the phase diagram of Naphthalene and diphenyl system.
To determine the phase diagram of urea and phenol.
To determine the phase diagram of Benzoic acid and Naphthalene.
Page 6 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
9. Optical activity measurement:
To determine the unknown percentage composition of the following by using
polarimeter (Sucrose, glucose).
To determine the specific and molar rotation of optically active compound (sucrose,
glucose).
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Advanced Experimental Physical Chemistry by Ayodhya Sing.
2. Experimental Physical Chemistry by Daniel
3. Experimental Physical Chemistry by G.Peter Mattews.
4. Experiments in Physical Chemistry by Shoemaker.
M.Sc. (Part-II)
Page 7 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Physical Chemistry by Alberty, R.A. and Silbey, R.J., John Wiley, New York, 1995.
2. Physical Chemistry by Engel, T. and Ried, P., 1st Ed,. Pearson education, Inc. 2006.
3. Electrochemical Methods and applications by bard, A. and Faulkner, L.R., John Wiley,
New York, 1980.
4. Elements of classical and statistical thermodynamics by Nash, L.K. Addison Wesley
Co. Ltd., 1979.
5. Physical Chemistry by Kundu, N and Jain, S.K.S. Chand and Company Ltd. 1984.
6. Fundamentals of chemical kinetics by Logan, S.R, Longman Group Ltd. 1996.
7. Elementry reaction kinetics by Latham.J.L. And Burgess, A.E.3rd Ed., Butterworths,
London, 1977.
8. Heterogeneous Catalysis: Principles and applications by Bond, G.C., 2nd Ed., Oxford,
Clarendon press, 1987.
9. Physical Chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, 1995. Macmillan and Co. Ltd. St. marlins
Street, London.
10. Principles of Physical chemistry, Maron and Prutton, 1965 the Macmillan Company,
Collier Macmillan Ltd. London.
11. Physical Chemistry, Barrow, 1973, McGraw Hill, Tokyo.
12. Physical Chemistry, Moore, 1972, Rentice Hall, Englewood cliffs, Jersey.
2. Photo Chemistry:
Laws of photochemistry, quantum efficiency and its determination Photochemical
reactions, excited state symbols; photosensitized reactions, phosphorescence,
fluorescence, chemiluminescence, Lasers.
Page 8 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
4. Polymers:
Classification of polymers; kinetics of condensation, addition and co-polymerisaiton
reactions; Molecular mass distribution, determination of molecular masses by different
methods. Analysis techniques.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
Page 9 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Physical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry (Practical) Paper III-A
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
3. Colloidal State:
Preparation of As2 S3 sol, and comparison of precipitating powers of different cations.
4. Spectrophotometry:
(i) Detemination of percentage composition of two coloured components in solution.
(ii) Study of kinetics of iodination of acetone and decomposition of benzene diazonium
chloride.
(iii) Predicting normal modes of vibration for simple molecules and interpretation of
their IR Spectra.
7. Adsorption measurements:
Verification of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms for Adsorption of acetic
acid on active charcoal.
8. Potentiometric measurements:
A. Potentiometric Titrations
(i) Acid base (ii) Oxidation-reduction
B. Equilibrium constant determination.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Advanced Experimental Physical Chemistry by Ayodhya Sing.
2. Experimental Physical Chemistry by Daniel
3. Experimental Physical Chemistry by G.Peter Mattews.
4. Experiments in Physical Chemistry by Shoemaker.
Page 10 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
2. Chemical bonding:
Metallic bond on the basis of band model, X-ray spectra and N(E) curves, n(E) curves.
Binding energy in metals, conductors, semi-conductors and insulators. Effect of
temperature and impurities on conductivity.
Page 11 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J H Huheey, Inorganic Chemisry - Principles, structure and reactivity, Harper
and Row Publisher, Inc. New York (2008)
2. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Elbs with Chapman and Hall, London
3. Introduction to Chemical Nomenclature by R.S. Cahn and O.E. dermer 2001.
Butterworth (London).
4. Stereochemistry and bonding in Inorgnaic Chemistry by J.E. Ferguson 2001, Prentice
Hall, New Jersy.
5. Chemical Bonds, and introduction to atomic and molecular structure by H.B. Gray
1973, W.A. Benjamin, Inc., London
6. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry F.A. Cotton and G.Wilkineon 6th Ed. 2001,
Interscience, Publishers, London.
7. Coordination Compounds by S.F.A. Kettle, 1999, Nelson , (Nauohi Kenya).
8. Coordination Chemistry by B.A. Basallo and R. Johnson 1972 W.A. Benhamen,
London.
1. Chromatographic Techniques:
(a) Separation of metal ions by paper chromatography and their identification with
the help of locating agents and comparison of Rf values.
3. Precipitation Titrations:
Estimation of following anions with the help of adsorption indicators:
(i) Chloride (ii) Bromide (iii) Sulphate (iv) Chloride and Iodide in a mixture.
4. Complexometric Tritrations:
(a) Estimation of Mg+2 Zn+2 with EDTA (Direct titration).
(b) Estimation of Ni+2 with EDTA (Back titration).
(c) Determination of Ca+2 and Zn+2 in mixture (Masking)
(d) Determination of Cd2+ and Zn+2 in a mixture (Demasking).
Page 12 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
2- -3
(e) Determination of SO4 and PO4 with EDTA (Indirect titration).
5. Redox Titrations:
(a) Use of Ceric sulphate solution for the estimation of the following:-
i). Determination of iron in an iron ore.
ii). Determination of nitrites.
6. Preparations:
(a) Tris (ethylenediamine ) nickle (II) Chloride 2-hydrate.
(b) Sodium Cobaltinitrite.
(c) Pot. Trioxalato Aluminate.
(d) Ammonium sulphate Nickel (II) Sulphate.
(e) Hexa aqua Chromium (III) Chloride.
(f) Ammonium Sulphate Copper (II) Sulphate Pentahydrate.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. Bassett, R. C. Denny, G. H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, Vogel’s Text Book of
qualitative Inorganic Analysis, the English Language Book Society and Longman, New
York, (2008)
2. Quantitative Analysis Chemistry, James S. Pritz, George H. Sehenk, 2001 Alby and
Becon Inc. London.
3. Theory and practice of chromatography by Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal (2002).
4. Instrumental analysis by Gary D. Christian and James E.O., Reilly, 2007, Allyn and
bacon Inc., London.
5. Hand Book of Organic reagents in Inorganic Analysis by ZAVIX Holzbecher and other
1976 Ellis Hurwod Limited, London.
6. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry - W. G. Palmer, 2005.
7. The analysis of minerals and ores of the rarer elements – W. R. Schoeller,and A. R.
Powell, Charles, Griffin and Company Limited,2004.
Page 13 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-II)
2. Periodicity:
First and second row anomalies. The use of d-orbitals by non-metals, reactivity and d-
orbital participation. The use of p-orbitals in Pi-bonding, periodic anomalies of the non-
metals and post-transition metals.
Page 14 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
stabilization of high oxidation states by fluorine and oxygen, The stabilization of low
oxidation states by large anions, Halogen exchange reaction, The stability of halides
containing protonated bases.
2. Radioactivity:
Natural radioactivity, Artificial radioactivity, types of radioactive rays, Saddy-Fajans
and Russel group displacement law, Half life period of a radioactive substance,
Disintegration constant K, Average life period, Radioactive equilibrium, Law of
successive disintegration, Activity of a radioactive substance, Transmutation of
elements, Artificial transmutation reactions induced by different bombarding
projectiles, Applications of artificial transmutation reactions, Natural and artificial
radioactive series.
3. Chemistry of Oxides:
Physical states and structures of oxides of the elements, covalent oxides, periodic
trends in structure and physical state, acidity, solubility, practical uses, and
environmental chemistry of volatile oxides, close packed anions, metal oxides,
electrical conductivity of solid lonic compounds, spinels, perovskites, high temperature
superconductors, magnetic properties in mixed metal oxides.
Page 15 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
oxidative-addition, reductive elimination, insertion and de-insertion reactions, fluxional
behaviour. Applications of organometallic compounds.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Organotransition metal Chemistry by Akin Yamamto, 1996, A. Wiley Interscience
Publication London.
2. Hand Book of Organic reagents in Inorganic Analysis by ZAVIX Holzbecher and other
1976 Ellis Hurwod Limited, London.
3. Structural Inorganic Chemistry by Wells, A.F. 1975, Charenden Press, London.
4. Stereochemistry and bonding in Inorganic Chemistry by by J.E. Ferguson 1974,
Prentice Hall, New Jersy.
5. J H Huheey, Inorganic Chemisry - Principles, structure and reactivity, Harper and Row
Publisher, Inc. New York (2008)
6. Cullen Dolphin and James, Biological aspects of Inorganic Chemistry,2005
7. Williams, An Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry,2003
(b) Colorimetry:
i). Micro determination of chromium by diphenyl Carbazide.
ii). Determination of iron by 1, 10 Phenanthroline.
iii). Determination of nickel by rubeanic acid
(c) Potentiometery:
i). Determination of K1, K2 and K3 for H3PO4
ii). Determination of Cobalt (II)
iii). Determination of iron (II)
iv). Determination of chloride in presence of iodide and evaluation of Ksp for AgI
and AgCl.
Page 16 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Inorganic Chemistry
i). Copper sulphate penta hydrate
ii). Calcium oxalate monohydrate
3. Chromatographic Techniques:
(a) Column and thin layer techniques for the qualitative analysis of inorganic
compounds.
(b) Applications of solvent extraction and ion exchangers technique.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. J. Bassett, R. C. Denny, G. H. Jeffery and J. Mendham, Vogel’s Text Book of
qualitative Inorganic Analysis, the English Language Book Society and Longman, New
York, (2008).
2. Quantitative Analysis Chemistry, James S. Pritz, George H. Sehenk, 2001 Alby and
Becon Inc. London.
3. Theory and practice of chromatography by Prof. Dr. Javed Iqbal (2002).
4. Instrumental analysis by Gary D. Christian and James E.O., Reilly, 2007, Allyn and
bacon Inc., London.
5. Hand Book of Organic reagents in Inorganic Analysis by ZAVIX Holzbecher and other
1976 Ellis Hurwod Limited, London.
6. Experimental Inorganic Chemistry - W. G. Palmer, 2005.
7. The analysis of minerals and ores of the rarer elements – W. R. Schoeller,and A. R.
Powell, Charles, Griffin and Company Limited,2004.
Page 17 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
1. Acid-base strength:
pKa and Ka values, electronic effects (Inductive and resonance effects), field effect,
solvent effect, hyper-conjugation, hydrogen bonding, steric and stereo-chemical
effects, and hybridization.
2. Stereochemistry
(a) Conformation Analysis
The concept of conformational analysis in ethane, propane, n-butane, pentane,
cyclopentane, cyclohexane, substituted alkanes, substituted cycloalkanes and
decalins.
Page 18 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
b. Reduction Reactions:
Introduction, Reduction of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic rings, hydrogenolysis,
reduction of benzylic and allylic systems, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols,
pinacols, epoxides, acids and their derivatives, Reduction of system containing
nitrogen such as imines, oximes and nitro compounds
6. Spectroscopy:
a. IR Spectroscopy:
Electromagnetic radiations: IR; modes of vibration, sampling techniques, factors
influencing the vibration frequencies and industrial applications
b. UV Spectroscopy:
Ultraviolet (UV) or electronic spectroscopy: electronic transition; factors
influencing the λmax. value.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Organic Chemistry, Volume I (6th ed.) & II (5th ed.) by I.L. Finar, Pearson Education
(singapore) Pte Ltd, 2008.
2. March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 6th ed.
by Michael B. Smith, Jerry March, Wiley, 2007.
3. Organic Chemistry, eth Ed.; by S. H. Pine, McGraw Hill: New York,1987.
4. Organic Chemistry 6th ed. by Francis A. Carey, McGraw Hill, 2005.
5. Organic Chemistry 6th d, by R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd, and R. K. Boyd, Benjamin
Cummings, 1992,.
6. Modern Synthetic Reactions 2nd ed. by H.O.House , W.A. Benjamin Inc., Menlo Park,
CA
7. Principles in Organic Synthesis by R.O.C Norman & J. M. Coxon,1993, Chapman and
Hall, 1993.
8. Organic Chemistry by Jonathan Clayden, Nick Geeves, Stuart Warren, Oxford
University Press 2000.
9. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry 6th ed. by D. Williams and I. Fleming.
Wiley-VCH, 1991.
10. Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds 6th ed. by R. M. Silverstein and
F. X. Webster, Wiley, 2007.
11. Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography by M Younas, ILMI, Pakistan, 2007.
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Organic Preparations:
a. Benzyl alcohol; Ethyl benzene; benzilic acid, p-Nitrophenol, acetophenone oxime,
acetophenone arylHydrazone.
Page 19 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Practical Organic Chemistry by F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, Longman, UK, 1978
2. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry (5th ed.) by A.I. Vogel, A.R.
Tatchell, B.S. Furnis, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith, 1989, Longman UK, 1989.
3. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds, (8th ed.) by Ralph L. Shriner et
al., Wiley, 2003.
4. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, by J. Leonard, B. Lygo, G. Procter, CRC,
1994.
5. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.) by N. K. Vishnoi,
Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd , India, 1996.
M.Sc. (Part-II)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
2. Molecular Rearrangements:
Classification of molecular rearrangements: mechanism of intramolecular 1,2-shifts
involving migration of a group from carbon to carbon, carbon to nitrogen, and carbon
to oxygen, mechanism and synthetic applications of Wagner-Meerwein, Pinacol-
pinacolone, benzidine, benzyl, benzylic acid, Favorski, Wolff, Beckmann, Hoffmann,
Curtius, Lossen and Schmidt; Baeyer-Villiger, Dakin and Fries rearrangements.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry:
Five and six membered hetrocycles with one and several identical hetro-atoms, Five
and six membered hetrocycles with two different hetro-atoms
Page 20 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
4. Reactive Intermediates:
Carbenes, nitrenes, and Arynes, structure and evidence for formation, general
reactions and synthetic applications
5. Organic Synthesis:
An outline of the recent developments in organic syntheses involving boron,
phosphorus, silicon reagents, reaction conditions and methods; phase transfer
catalysis involving quaternary ammonium, phosphonium salts and crown ethers, solid
phase synthesis, Introduction to protective groups, protection of hydroxyl, amino,
carbonyl and carboxylic groups, reactions involving the introduction and removal of
some common protective groups and synthetic applications. Introduction to
disconnection approach.
6. Pericyclic reactions:
Introduction, Wood-ward-Hoffmann rules and molecular orbital theory; cycloaddition,
electrocyclic and sigmatropic rearrangement and group transfer reactions.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Organic Chemistry, Volume I (6th ed.) & II (5th ed.) by I.L. Finar, Pearson Education
(singapore) Pte Ltd, 2008.
2. March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 6th ed.
by Michael B. Smith, Jerry March, Wiley, 2007.
3. Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; by S. H. Pine, McGraw Hill: New York,1987.
4. Organic Chemistry 6th ed. by Francis A. Carey, McGraw Hill, 2005.
5. Organic Chemistry 6th ed, by R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd, and R. K. Boyd, Benjamin
Cummings, 1992,.
6. Phase-transfer catalysis: fundamentals, applications, and industrial perspectives by C.
M. Starks, C.L. Liotta and M. Halpern, Chapman &Hall, 1994.
7. Principles in Organic Synthesis by R.O.C Norman & J. M. Coxon, Chapman and Hall,
1993.
8. Organic Chemistry by Jonathan Clayden, Nick Geeves, Stuart Warren, Oxford
University Press 2000.
9. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 4th ed. by J. A. Joule, K. Mills, Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
10. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd ed. by T.L. Gilchrist, Longman, 1997.
11. Electrocyclic Reactions by F. L. Ansari, R. Qureshi, M. L. Qureshi, 1999, Wiley-
VCH.
12. Reactive Intermediates in Organic chemistry, N. S. Isaac, John Willey and Sons,
1974.
13. Work book for Organic Synthersis, The discoinnection approach, Stuart Warren, John
Willey and Sons, 1994.
14. Organic Synthersis, The discoinnection approach, Stuart Warren, 1993, John Willey
and Sons 1993.
15. Designing Organic Synthesis, A Programmed Introduction to synthon approach, S.
Warren, John Willey and Son, 1992.
16. Guide book to Organic Syntheses, R. K. Mackie, D. M. Smith, Longman Group
Limited, 1982.
Page 21 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
3. Elimination Reactions:
Mechanism of E1, E2, and E1cb elimination reactions; kinetics and stereochemical
studies; applications of thermodynamically and kinetically controlled reactions
(Saytzeff and Hoffmann reactions), Effects of substrates, solvent, base, leaving group
and temperature on kinetics, competition between elimination and substitution
reactions; pyrolytic elimination reaction mechanism and synthetic applications.
4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy:
Nuclear magnetic resonance: Basic principles, theory, spin flipping, nuclear
precession and absorption of electromagnetic radiation, spin relaxation, basic
introduction of 1-D (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy, chemical shifts and integration
curve, instrumentation, spin-spin splitting and coupling constants. Structure elucidation
of small molecules. Introduction of 2-D NMR spectroscopy.
5. Mass Spectroscopy:
Introduction; types, Isotopic abundance, molecular and metastable ions; fragmentation
pattern, applications of mass spectroscopy in different classes of organic chemistry,
interpretation of mass spectra of small organic molecules.
6. Natural Products:
Introduction, classification, isolation, biosynthesis and general methods for the
structure determination of alkaloids (piperine, Nocotene, Cocaine, Morphine, Quinine),
steroids (cholesterol, progesterone, estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids
mineralocorticoids) and terpenoids (Triterpenes, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, Ursolic acid,
Oleanolic acid).
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Organic Chemistry, Volume I & II by I.L. Finar; fifth bedi. Longman scientific technical,
1975.
2. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry by D.Williams and I. Fleming.
3. Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds by R. M. Silverstein; sixth
edition, Wiley, 2007.
4. Organic Spectroscopy and Chromatography by M Younas, ILMI, Pakistan
Page 22 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
5. Spectroscopy by Pavia, Lampman, Kriz, second Edition, Harcourt Brace College
Publishers, 1996.
6. Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Paolo Manito, John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
Page 23 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry (Practical) Paper III-C
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Qualitative analysis:
Three component organic mixture analysis (separation and identification of the
unknown components)
3. Organic Synthesis:
(a) Multi-step preparation and spectroscopic characterization: p-nitroaniline from aniline;
p-bromotoluene from p-toluidine, o-Bromotoluene from o-toluidine
(b) Preparation, separation and identification of regio-isomers: o-nitrotoluene and p-
nitrotoluene from toluene; o-nitrosophenol and p-nitrosophenol from phenol
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Practical Organic Chemistry by F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders, 1978, Longman, UK,
1978
2. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry (5th ed.) by A.I. Vogel, A.R.
Tatchell, B.S. Furnis, A.J. Hannaford, P.W.G. Smith, Longman UK, 1989.
3. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, by J. Leonard, B. Lygo, G. Procter, CRC.
1994.
4. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.) by N. K. Vishnoi, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt Ltd. India, 1996.
Page 24 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
5. Solvent Extraction:
Basic principle of solvent extraction, The Distribution Coefficient, The Distribution Ratio,
The Percent Extracted Solvent Extraction of Metals, Analytical Separations, Multiple
Batch Extractions, Countercurrent Distribution, Solid-Phase Extraction, Solvent Extraction
by Flow Injection Analysis.
6. Electrophoresis:
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis, Application of traditional Electrophoresis
Gel Chromatography.
7. Flame Emission:
Basic principle of atomic spectroscopy; Use of atomic spectra for detection and
determination of elements; flame as a source of atomization and excitation;
Instrumentation involved in FES; applications and limitations.
Page 25 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Analytical Chemistry by J.D. Dick, McGraw Hill, 1973, N.Y. also available in
International students edition McGraw Hill, Mogakusha, 1973.
2. Instrumental Methods by W.Ewing, Mc Graw Hill Book Co. N.Y. (Third/Fourth Edition)
also available in International students edition.
3. Chromatography by R.K Sharma , Gogel publishing home meerret
4. Introduction to chromatography by Nasir-ud-din, Published by author
5. Paper chromatography by Dr.Friedrich Cramer, London Macmillan and Co Ltd
6. Thin- layer chromatography by Marini, Elservier publisher
7. Modern analytical chemistry by David Harvey, Roohani-art press, Islamabad
8. Principle and Practice of analytical chemistry by Fillfield, Blackwell Science Ltd
9. Spectroscopy by Browing, Mcgram Hill London
10. Fundamentals of Chromatography by H.G. Cassidy, Inter Science Publisher,
London, N.Y.
11. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry by Doughlas Skoog and Donals M. W. West,
Holt Reinchart and Inc, London.
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Calibration
Calibration of glassware (pipette, burette and flask) used for volumetric analysis. Use of
analytical balance and calculation of standard deviation. Calibration of pH meter and
determination of pH of various acidic and basic solution.
Calibration of conductometer and determination of conductance of tap water, distilled
water, conductivity water and canal water.
Calculation of dissociation constants of various acids.
Calculation of variance, mean, median, coefficient of variance of the data.
2. Basic Chromatography
Separation of ink components by paper chromatography.
Separation of amino acids by thin layer chromatography.
Separation of dyes by column chromatography.
Separation of mixtures by circular paper chromatography.
Page 26 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
Verification of Beer and Lambert Law.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of Aspirin, Phenacetion and Caffeine in APC
tablet using Solvent Extraction.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
Page 27 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-II)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
3. Potentiometry:
Nernst equation; Electrode Potentials; different reference electrodes including glass and
calomel electrode; working of a potentiometer and its applications including pH
measurements and potentiometric titrations; ion-selective electrode systems; ion-
exchange membrane electrode; gas-sensinig electrode; solid-state membrane electrode
and bio membrane electrode.
5. Voltrametry:
Principle and applications of anodic stripping voltametry
6. Polarography:
Introduction and principle of polarography, basic instrumentation, working and
advantages of DME (dropping mercury electrode); limiting and residual current; half-wave
potential; qualitative and quantitative aspects of polarographical analysis
7. Amperometry:
8. Conductometry:
Conductance in Solutions; Specific conductance; molar conductance; factors upon which
the conductance of solution depends; Measurement of conductance; cell constant;
Analytical applications of conductance measurement.
Page 28 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
2. UV / Vis Spectroscopy:
The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation, The Electromagnetic Spectrum, Atomic Energy
Levels, molecular Electronic Energy Levels, Vibrational Energy Levels, Raman Effect,
Lasers,
Radiation Sources, Wavelength Selection, Cells and Sampling Devices, Detectors,
Readout Modules, Instruments for Absorption Photometry
4. Laser Spectroscopy:
Principle of laser operation; Stimulated emission Population inversion, Single level and
multi-level laser systems, Properties of laser light and its general and analytical
applications; ruby laser, nitrogen laser, dye laser, Use of laser radiation in absorption and
fluorescence spectroscopic methods.
Page 29 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
6. Mass Spectrometry:
Principle of mass spectrometry; Intel system, ionization, acceleration, Drift Chamber,
Detection systems; Advancements in equipment in equipment; Analytical uses of mass
spectrometry, Quadrupole mass spectrometry; Interpretation of mass spectra. Correlation
of mass spectra with Molecular structure.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Molecular Spectrophotometry:
Determination of Iron (II) using 1, 10-phenanthroline method.
Determination of Iron (III) using thiocyanate method.
Determination of chromium by diphenylcarbazide method.
Determination of Fe, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in soil samples by AAS technique.
Simple acid base titrations using potentiometer.
Determination of “F” in water by using ion selective electrodes.
Preparation of standard calibration graphs of Pb, Cd, Zn and Fe by AAS.
Determination of Ni by DMG method spectrophotometrically.
Determination of mixtures of complexes of Iron with Thiocyanide and
1, 10, pheranthroline.
Determination of λmax of Cr complex with diphenyl carbazide.
Infrared Determination of a Mixture of Xylene
Spectrophotmetric determination of Lead or Leaves using Solvent Extraction.
2. Conductometry:
Determine the amount of HCl conductometrically by using strong base NaOH.
Determine the amount of base NH4OH conductometrically by using strong acid.
Page 30 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Analytical Chemistry
Determine the amount of NH4OH by using weak acid CH3COOH conductometrically.
Determine the amount of NaOH conductometrically by using weak acid CH3COOH.
3. Potentiometry:
Determine the amount of HCl by using strong base (NaOH) potentiometrically.
Determine the amount of HCl by using weak base (NH4OH) potentiometrically.
Determine the amount of CH3COOH by using strong base (naoh).
Determine the amount of HCl & CH3COOh conductometrically by using strong base
NaOH.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
Page 31 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
3. Cement Industries:
Cement raw materials used for cement manufacturing, dry process, wet process, semi
wet process, special cement, chemistry involved in hydration of cement, setting of
cement, setting time.
5. Glass Industries:
History of glass, raw materials used for glass, methods of manufacturing, various
types of furnaces and crucibles used for the manufacture of glass, special types of
glass, their manufacture and properties.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Industrial Organic Chemicals, by H.A.Witcoff and B.J.Reuben, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
New York.
2. Water Supply and Sewerage, T.J.McGhee,McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.(1991)
3. Unit operations in Chemical Engineering, Chattopadhyay, Khanna Publishers, Delhi-6
(1993).
4. Chemical Process Design, Robin Smith, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. (1995).
Page 32 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
5. Hand Book of Industrial Chemicals, By SIRI Board of Consultants and Engineers,
Small Industries Research Institute, New Delhi (1995)
6. Small Medium and large Scale Industries, A.K. Sirivastawa, Small Industries Research
Institute, New Delhi (1996).
7. The Chemistry of Cement, H.F.W. Taylor, Academic Press, London, 1964.
8. Shereve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th Ed.1975, By G.T.Austin, McGraw Hill
Book Co. New York.
9. Industrial chemistry, B. K. Sharma, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Ed-15 (2006).
10. Chemistry of glass manufacturing, F.W.Hunter, Dower Publications, New York, 1950.
1. Preparations:
Detergent and cosmetics (Cold cream, shampoo and vanishing cream), Dentrifrice,
Thermosetting and thermoplastic resins (alkyd and urea formaldehyde)
2. Titrimetery:
Estimation of water hardness by complexometery
Estimation of acetic acid contents in the vinegar sample
Determine the acidity of the sulphuric acid and its normality.
Determination of acidity, alkalinity, Free CO2 in water
Assay of bleaching powder by free chlorine method.
Determine the %age purity of the Commercial sample of sodium chloride.
Determination of Residual Chlorine in water.
%age of reducing sugars.
Soap anlalysis for free and combined alkali.
Determining the %age purity of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonte.
3. Flamephotometery:
Estimation of Potassium in the tap water.
Estimation of Sodium in the Commercial Sodium Chloride.
Estimation of Calcium in milk.
4. Spectorphotometery:
Determination of the of KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 and CoCl4
Estimation of nickel in vanaspati ghee.
Estimation of chloride in the tannery effluent.
Estimation of Iron in Pharmaceutical Products.
Estimation of Phosphates in fertilizers.
5. Chromatography:
Separation of mixture of ink by circular paper chromatography.
Separation of mixture of metal ions by paper chromatography.
Coating of TLC plates and separation of mixture of dyes.
Separation of different pigments of plant extract by TLC chromatography.
Page 33 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Perfumes Cosmetics and Soaps, W.A. Poucher, chapmann and Hall 7th Ed. (1974).
2. Applied Chemistry Theory and Practice, O.P. Vermani & A.K. Narula, Wiley
Eastern Limited (1989).
3. T. B. of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Vogal’s Ed-4th, Longman Group Limited
(1978).
4. Practical Statistics for the Analytical Scientist, A Bench Guide, RSC Publishing LGC
Ltd 2009.
Page 34 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-II)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
(b) Urea:
Raw materials, manufacture of urea, assimilation in soil.
Page 35 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
6. Polymers:
General classification of polymers, characteristics and significance of polymers,
various mechanisms of polymerization process, Polymer processing like extrusion,
injection, modeling and blow molding of plastics.
Brief description and uses of the following polymers:
Polyethylene, polystyrene, epoxy resins, polyethylene tetrapthalate.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Pulp and Paper Technology, Testing and Applications, K.P. Rao (2003), CBS
Publishers.
2. Chemistry of Pulp and Paper making, Edwin Sutermeister, Ed-3rd (1946).
3. Fertilizers and Soil Fertility, U.S.Jones, Reston Publishing Co. Virginia,1979.
4. Petroleum Refining Technology, Ram Parsad (2002).
5. Industrial chemistry, B. K. Sharma, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Ed-15
(2006).
6. Shereve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th Ed.1975, By G.T.Austin, McGraw Hill
Book Co. New York.
7. Food Oils and Fats, H.Lawson, CBS Publkishers and Distributors, New
Delhi.(1997).
8. Leather in life art and industry, John W. Waterer, 1927. Faber and Faber Ltd.
9. A Text on Petrochemicals, Bhaskararsao, 2002.
10. An Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, W.R.Moor, London Press, London.
11. Principles of Polymer Systems, Rodri-Guez, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.
12. Modern Technology of Plastics and Polymer Processing Industries, NIIR Board
13. Petroleum Refining Technology, Ram Parsad (2002).
Page 36 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
3. Analytical Techniques and on-line analysis in Industry:
(a) Spectroscopy:
Use of different spectroscopic techniques like FES, AAS and Spectrophotometry
for the quality control of raw materials, intermediates and final products in various
industries.
(b) Chromatography:
Use of Thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and HPLC in
pharmaceutical and other industries.
5. Textile Dyeing:
Color and chemical constitution, Important classes of chromogens, Classification and
nomenclature of dyes, manufacturing of dye intermediates and dyes, Selection of dyes
for wool, cellulosic and synthetic fibers, Theory of Coloration, Coloration of wool,
cellulosic and synthetic fibers.
6. Textile Fibers:
Classification of synthetic fibers, chemistry and manufacturing of viscose rayon, true
synthetic fibers including nylons and polyester fibers. Finishing processes for 100%
cotton fibrics such as singeing, desizing, scouring, mercerizing and bleaching.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Chemistry of iron and Steel Manufacture, C.Bodsworth, Longman Press, London,
1963.
2. Instrumental method of Analysis, Willar Merritt Dean Settle, Seventh Edition (1986).
3. Graham’s Electroplating Engineering Hand Book, Ed. L.J. Durney, CBS Publkishers
and Distributors, New Delhi.(1997).
4. Nickel and Chromium plating, J.K.Dennis & T.E.Such, Newness Butterworth, London
(1972).
5. T. B. of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Vogal’s Ed-4th, Longman Group Limited
(1978).
6. Instrumental Analysis, Gary D. Christain, 1978, Introduction to Instrumental Analysis
by Braun, McGraw-Hill Book company, 1987.
7. Dyes and Dyeing, C.E. Pellow, Abhishek Publishers, 1998.
8. Textile Dyes and Pigments, H. Panda, NIIR Publishers.
9. The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, H. A. Lubs, Reinhold Publishing
Corporation, 1955.
Page 37 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
th
10. Fibre to fabric, 4 Ed, Potter & Corban, McGraw Hill book Company, 1959.
11. Industrial chemistry, B. K. Sharma, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Ed-15 (2006).
12. Shereve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th Ed.1975, G.T.Austin, McGraw Hill Book
Co. New York.
13. Sugar: Science and Technology, G. G. Birch and K.. J. Parker, Applied Science
Publishers Ltd., 1979.
14. Principles of Sugar Technology, Pieter Honig Vol I, Elsevier Publishing Company,
1953.
2. Water Pollution
(a) Dissolved Oxygen
(b) Biological Oxygen Demand
(c) Chemical Oxygen Demand
(d) Heavy metals in industrial effluents by AAS.
3. Industrial Analysis
Steel Analysis involving volumetry, spectrophotometry and solvent extraction.
Analysis of dolomite; haemetite; chromite and bauxite ores involving separation and
analytical techniques.
Sucrose in sugar cane juice using polarimetry.
Analysis of effluents from leather tanneries.
Assay of phamaceutical products like aspirin, paracetamol, and chloramphenecol
using spectroscopic techniques.
4. Textile
Dying of clothes in different shades using Acid dyes
5. Petroleum:
Determination of diesel index, Aniline point and Pour point of lubricating oil.
6. Spectrometery:
Simultaneous determination of chromium and manganese in steel.
Determination of pK value of indicators (methyl orange and methyl red).
7. Polymer:
Depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate.
Catalytic degradation of polythene.
Page 38 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Applied Chemistry
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Metallurgical Analysis, Lord (1893).
2. Applied Chemistry Theory and Practice, O.P. Vermani & A.K. Narula, Wiley Eastern
Limited (1989).
3. T. B. of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, Vogal’s Ed-4th, Longman Group Limited
(1978).
4. Practical Statistics for the Analytical Scientist, A Bench Guide, RSC Publishing, LGC
Ltd 2009.
5. Dyes and Dyeing, C. E. Pellew, Abhishek Publishers (1998).
6. Experiments in Physical Chemistry, David P. Shoe Maker, McGraw Hill International
(1996).
Page 39 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
M.Sc. (Part-I)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Introductory Biochemistry:
Scope of Biochemistry. The molecular logic of life. Structure and Functions of Cells.
Cell wall Composition. A brief description on the isolation of cellular components.
2. Water:
Weak interactions in aqueous system. Ionization of water. Weak acids and weak
bases. pH and buffer systems. Different buffering agents. Importance of buffers in
biological systems.
3. Carbohydrates:
Nature, Structure and Classification of Carbohydrates. Aldoses and Ketoses Cyclic
structure of monosaccarides, Hawarth configurations D and L configuration of
monosaccharides, Optical isomerism and Mutarotation in glucose. Formation of
Glycosidic bonds. Reducing and non reducing sugars. Important monosaccharide and
their derivatives. Invert sugars. Biological significance of Glucose. Structures and
functions of common Disaccharides and Polysaccharides: Succrose, Lactose, Maltose
Amylose and Amylopectins. , Cellulose, Chitin Glycogen, Starch and Dextran.
Derived carbohydrates and hexose derivatives present in microorganisms. Sensory
properties of monosaccharides. Proteoglycan and glycoproteins: their Structure and
function.
4. Nucleic acids:
Purines, Pyrimidines and nucleotides. Structure and functions of DNA, different type of
RNA. Nucleic acid hydrolysis. Determination of Primary structure of Nucleic acids.
Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides.
5. LIPIDS:
Lipid Classification, Structures and functions. Chemical Properties of triglycerides.
Phospholipids. Sterol/steroids. Lipid with specific biological activities. Prostaglandins:
Structure and function. Properties of lipid aggregates: Micelles and Bilayers. Biological
membranes. Membrane proteins, Membrane structure and Assembly. Fluid Mosaic
model. The erythrocyte membrane. .
6. PROTEINS:
Amino acids: their Structure, Chiral Center, and stereoisomerism. Classification of
amino acids. Acid base properties, their titration curve and its importance. . Amino
acid sequence. Peptides and their biological importance. Proteins: classification,
Covalent structure and biological significance including Primary. Secondary, Tertiary
and Quaternary structure of proteins, as Keratins, Collagens and elastin.
Conformation and function of globular proteins with special reference to structure and
function of Hemoglobin and Myoglobin. Biological significance of Proteins.
Page 40 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
7. ENZYMES:
Chemical nature, nomenclature and classification of enzymes. Cofactors and
Coenzymes. Concepts of Active site. Substrate specificity. Affect of different factors on
enzyme activity. Kinetics of single substrate reactions. Quantitative assay of
enzymatic activity. Enzyme inhibition: Competitive, non-competitive and irreversible
inhibition. Regulatory enzymes, allosteric enzymes, Multienzyme system, Zymogons,
isoenzyme. Immobilized enzymes.
8. NUTRITION:
Introduction to the science of nutrition: Nutrients and their functions Biological
evaluation of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Sources and forms of Energy. Energy
value of foods. Energy requirements under different living and physiological
conditions. Direct and indirect Calorimetry. Basal metabolic Rate, Respiratory quotient
and their measurements. Assessment of nutritional status in Pakistan. Thermogenic
effects of food.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger AL, Nelson DL and Cox MN, 2000 Pub:
worth Publishers
2. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer 2006 Pub: Freeman and Company
3. Biochemistry by Voet, and Pratt, 2004, John wiley and sons Inc.
4. Lippincott’s Biochemistry by Champe.P C; Harvey. R. A and Ferrier. D. R. 3rd ed.,
2004 Pub: J. b. Lippincott Company
5. Harpers Biochemistry, 27th ed. 2006 Pub: McGraw Hill Inc.
Page 41 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
Biochemistry (Practical) Paper – VIII (i)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Carbohydrates:
Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates. Distinction between pentoses and hexoses,
aldoses and Ketoses, reducing and non reducing sugars mono and polysaccharides.
Chromatography of sugars. Preparation of glycogen from liver. Acid and enzymic
hydrolysis of glycogen.
2. Nucleic Acids:
Isolation of RNA from beef liver. Isolation of DNA from Calf Spleen. UV absorption of
nucleic acids.
3. Lipids:
Qualitative tests for lipids including fatty acids, sterols and phospholipids. Lipids
separation from Calf brain tissue. Acid value, Saponification Value and Iodine Value of
fats. Extraction and TLC of Wheat Lipids.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1 Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Varley. Pub: CBS publishersAn
2 Introduction to Practical Biochemistry By D. T. Plummer Pub: McGraw Hill
Page 42 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
M.Sc. (Part-II)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Basis of Metabolism:
Methods of metabolism study. Cell bioenergetics and Role of ATP. Biological oxidation
and reduction. Electorn Carriers involved in the oxidation of fuel molecules. Oxidative
phosphorylation and regulation of ATP production. Inhibitors of electron transport
chain. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
2. Metabolism of Carbohydrates:
Digestion, Absorption, and Transport of Carbohydrates. Glycolysis, Citric acid Cycle.
HMP pathway. Uronic acid pathway. Gluconeogenesis. Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis,
Photosynthesis and their control. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
3. Metabolism of Lipids:
Digestion and absorption of Lipids. Detailed Synthesis and Oxidation of fatty acids.
Involving of Acyl carrier protein and Carnitine carriers. Metabolism of essentiall fatty
acids and their metabolic disorders. Control of fatty acid Metabolism. Ketone Bodies.
Phospholipids, steroids and Prostaglandins.
4. Endocrine system:
Mechanisms of action of hormones. Chemistry, Metabolism and Biological functions of
Pancreateic, Pituitary, Gonadal, Adrenal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Intestinal and Renal
harmones. Pheromones. Hormonal control mechanisms.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger AL, Nelson DL and Cox MN, 2000 Pub: worth
Publishers
2. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer 2006 Pub: Freeman and Company
3. Biochemistry by Voet, and Pratt, 2004, John wiley and sons Inc.
4. Lippincott’s Biochemistry by Champe.P C; Harvey. R. A and Ferrier. D. R. 3rd ed.,
2004 Pub: J. b. Lippincott Company
5. Harpers Biochemistry, 27th ed. 2006 Pub: McGraw Hill Inc.
Page 43 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
Biochemistry (Additional Written) Paper II-D
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
2. Immunochemistry:
The immune system. Detailed structure, chemistry and synthesis of immunoglobulins.
Myeloma and hybridoma immunaglobulins. Immungenes. Complement system.
Inflammatory process. Peripheral leucocytes and Macrophages. Abnormalitites of the
immune system.
5. Industrial Biochemistry:
Use of Prokaryotes and Fungi in industry. Industrial production of Ethyl Alcohol,
Vinegar, Lactic acid and monosodium Glutamate (MSG) using microorganisms.
Bacterial application in food industry i.e. use of bacteria in processing and preserving
of milk and meat. Bacterial use in other industries as washing powders,
6. Minerals:
Discussion of micro, macro and alien metals; their occurrence, physiological functions,
deficiency symptoms, daily requirement and their metabolism.
7. Physiological Chemistry:
Structure and detoxification function of liver. Structure of Kidney with special reference
of excretion and detoxification function. Muscular contraction and relaxation. Nerve
conduction and action potential. Ionization of water, weak Acids and weak Bases.
Buffering against pH changes in Biological systems. Water metabolism and acid base
balance.
Page 44 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
8. Molecular Biology:
DNA as a genetic material. Eukaryotic chromosomes. Genes and mutational units.
Replication, transcription and translation. Protein Synthesis and Genetic code. DNA
repair and recombinantion. Restriction enzymes. Regulation of gene expression in
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes and Operon model. Constitutive, repressed and induced
enzymes. Plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids. Methods of recombinant DNA,
Viruses. RNA Processing.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger AL, Nelson DL and Cox MN, 2000 Pub: worth
Publishers
2. Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer 2006 Pub: Freeman and Company
3. Biochemistry by Voet, and Pratt, 2004, John wiley and sons Inc.
4. Lippincott’s Biochemistry by Champe.P C; Harvey. R. A and Ferrier. D. R. 3rd ed.,
2004 Pub: J. b. Lippincott Company
5. Harpers Biochemistry, 27th ed. 2006 Pub: McGraw Hill Inc.
6. Fundamentals of Microbiology (1994) E. Alcano Pub: the Benjamin/Cummings
Publishing Company.
7. A Biological Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry by Bryan L.
Williams and Keith Wilson Pub: Edward Arnold.
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Enzymes:
Isolation of enzyme from different sources, study of different factors like temperature.
pH, Concentration of substrate on the properties of Alkaline Phosphatase and LDH.
Determination of the kinetic parameters of these enzymes and their mode of inhibition
using UV / Visible Spectrophotometer.
2. Vitamins:
Estimation of Vitamin A, B1, B2, C and D in food materials by chemical methods and
HPLC.
Page 45 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Biochemistry
3. Urine Analysis:
Analysis of organic constituents in normal and abnormal human urine.
4. Blood Analysis:
Analysis of blood constituent like, Calcium, Phosphate, Sugar,Urea, creatine,
Biliuribin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides by chemical methods, flame photometry and
atomic absorption spectroscopy.
5. Urine Analysis:
Analysis of Inorganic constituents in normal and abnormal urine by atomic absorption
spectrometry, flame photometry and titration methods.
6. Blood Analysis:
Analysis of inorganic constituents of blood like , sodium, potassium etc by flame
photometry. Estimation of organic constituents like Uric acid, serum proteins,
haemoglobin etc by chemical methods.
Estimation of Clinically important enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid
phosphatase, SGPOT, SGOT, creatine kinase, etc using their specific assay methods.
(a) Cell structure:
Study of cell structure by light microscope. Growth of Bacteria and its growth
curve.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Modern Experimental Biochemistry by R. F. Boyer 3rd ed, 2000, Pub: pearson
Education Inc.
2. Practical clinical Biochemistry by Varley. Pub: CBS publisher
3. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry By D. T. Plummer 3rd ed. (1987) Pub:
McGraw Hill
4. Fundamentals of Microbiology. By E. Aicamo 1994 Publisher; Benjamin- Cummings
Publishing Co.
Page 46 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Environmental Chemistry
M.Sc. (Part-II)
SYLLABUS OUTLINE:
1. Introduction:
History and significance of environmental degradation, impact of the modern life-style
on environmental quality, resource dep} at environmental conservation and
sustainability poverty and environmental degradation, environmental education ,
institutions for the protection of environment, inter-disc nature of environmental
studies, environmental segments.
2. Atmospheric pollution:
Importance of air, nature and composition of atmosphere, temperature and pressure
profi of different layers of the atmosphere, common air pollutants and their sources,
oxides of C, N, and S hydrologic cycle, green house effect and global warming,
stratospheric ozone depletion, vehicular emissions, particulate matter and aerosols,
airborne lead, acid rain and its impats, photochemical smog, photochemistry of the
atmosphere, role of hydroradicals, indoor air quality.
Page 47 of 48
M.Sc. (Chemistry) Environmental Chemistry
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Kumar. Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.
2. J.W. Moore & EM. Moore, Environmental Chemistry, Academic Press, New York.
3. S. K. Banerji, Environmental Chemistry, Prentice Hafl, Delhi.
4. K. Banerji, Environmental Chemistry, Tata Publisher, Delhi.
5. Staneley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, Brooks, California.
6. Neil, P.O. Environmental Chemistry, Chapmann, London.
7. Baird, C. Environmental Chemistry, Freeman, New York.
Page 48 of 48