Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 110 views

    1B Energy Gap of LED Using Newton Rings

    Uploaded by

    Rufa
    This document describes an experiment to measure the band gap energy of an LED and the thickness of a paper using Newton's rings. Light from an LED is collimated and reflected to create interference patterns between the upper and lower surfaces of a lens on a glass plate. The diameters of the dark rings are measured and plotted against ring number to determine the slope, which is equal to the wavelength of light times the focal length of the lens. This allows calculating the wavelength and band gap energy of the LED. The experiment can also be used to measure thin film thickness by counting the number of dark fringes between the central spot and the fringe adjacent to the inserted film.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    1B Energy Gap of LED Using Newton Rings

    Uploaded by

    Rufa
    110 views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure the band gap energy of an LED and the thickness of a paper using Newton's rings. Light from an LED is collimated and reflected to create interference patterns between the upper and lower surfaces of a lens on a glass plate. The diameters of the dark rings are measured and plotted against ring number to determine the slope, which is equal to the wavelength of light times the focal length of the lens. This allows calculating the wavelength and band gap energy of the LED. The experiment can also be used to measure thin film thickness by counting the number of dark fringes between the central spot and the fringe adjacent to the inserted film.

    Original Description:

    Newton's ring experiment theory

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document describes an experiment to measure the band gap energy of an LED and the thickness of a paper using Newton's rings. Light from an LED is collimated and reflected to create interference patterns between the upper and lower surfaces of a lens on a glass plate. The diameters of the dark rings are measured and plotted against ring number to determine the slope, which is equal to the wavelength of light times the focal length of the lens. This allows calculating the wavelength and band gap energy of the LED. The experiment can also be used to measure thin film thickness by counting the number of dark fringes between the central spot and the fringe adjacent to the inserted film.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    110 views4 pages

    1B Energy Gap of LED Using Newton Rings

    Uploaded by

    Rufa
    This document describes an experiment to measure the band gap energy of an LED and the thickness of a paper using Newton's rings. Light from an LED is collimated and reflected to create interference patterns between the upper and lower surfaces of a lens on a glass plate. The diameters of the dark rings are measured and plotted against ring number to determine the slope, which is equal to the wavelength of light times the focal length of the lens. This allows calculating the wavelength and band gap energy of the LED. The experiment can also be used to measure thin film thickness by counting the number of dark fringes between the central spot and the fringe adjacent to the inserted film.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Experiment:1B Energy gap of LED - Newton's Rings

    Aim
    Measurement of band gap energy of LED and thickness of a paper.
    Apparatus
    Lens and optical flat, reflecting plate, LED source, Collimating lens, Sodium lamp, Traveling
    microscope
    Theory:

    Fig.1

    Light from an LED is collimated and reflected downwards on to a biconvex lens resting on an

    optically flat glass plate. (Note: Focusing of the beam by the lens causes the rays not to be

    exactly perpendicular to the glass slab, as shown; the resulting fractional error in tn is of order

    tn/R and may be neglected.) The rays reflected (i) at the lower surface of the lens and (ii) at the

    upper surface of the flat are in a condition to interfere, the intensity depending on the path

    difference, i.e. on the thickness of the air film. The reflected light passes upwards through the

    reflecting plate into the objective of an observing microscope which is focused on the air film.

    Interference rings are formed, the central spot being black (providing there is intimate contact

    between lens and plate).


    Let the radius of nth dark ring be pn and the thickness of the air film at this point be tn

    For destructive interference:-

    Path difference, 2tn = nλ, where λ,= wavelength of light used. (N.S. ray reflected from air at glass

    suffers a phase change of π). From the geometry:

    tn = R- ටܴଶ − ρଶ ௡

    ଵ/ଶ
    ρమ೙
    =R-Rቀ1 − మቁ
    ଶோ
    ρమ೙ ρమ೙
    =R - R ቀ1 − మ
    ቁ for <<1
    ଶோ ோమ

    Hence:
    ρమ೙
    2‫ݐ‬௡ = = nλ for interference
    ோ

    ρଶ௡ = Rnλ
    i.e. if ρଶ௡ is plotted against n, a straight line will be obtained whose slope is Rλ,.

    Experimental

    1. Focus the eyepiece on the cross-wires and tilt the reflecting plate till the field of view is

    brightly illuminated. Focus the microscope on the air film and move the lens and plate

    until the centre the ring system is near the centre of the field. A slight change in the focus

    of the microscope will improve the distinctness of the rings. The magnification may be

    increased by pulling out the draw-tube .containing the eyepiece and refocusing.

    Now measure the diameters of, say, the 3rd , 6th , 9th , 12th , 15th , 18th dark rings,

    taking in each case the mean of at least 2 diameters. Note that in order to avoid backlash

    of the screw, the microscope must be moved in the same direction before each
    observation of the Vernier. Finally, plot a graph of ρଶ௡ against n. From the slope of the

    graph, calculate the wavelength and hence the bandgap energy of the LED, assuming

    the given value of the focal length of the lens.

    Exercises:

    1. What would happen to the ring system if the lens were slowly moved away from the plate?

    This suggests a sensitive method for measuring small displacements.

    2. How would Newton's rings appear when observed in transmitted light?


    PART II
    A new application of Newton's rings experiment

    This simple experiment would show how the Newton's rings can be used to determine the

    thickness of a thin film or a paper.

    Procedure

    Get the Newton's rings as described in the above section. Carefully insert the thin film (say a

    paper strip) between the plano convex lens and the plane glass plate until the paper stops

    moving (see Fig.2), without disturbing the fringes.

    Now look through the microscope. Start from the central dark spot and count the number of

    dark fringes (or bright fringes) to the fringe that is adjacent to the thin film. Generally for ordinary

    paper samples, the number of fringes are of the order of 175 to 230. Patience is needed!

    For dark fringes

    The thickness of the thin film, t, is given by 2t + λ/2 =(2n+1) λ/2 which simplifies to t = n λ /2

    For bright fringes

    The thickness of the film is given by

    2t+ λ/2 = nλ which simplifies to t = (2n-l) λ14.

    Fig.2

    You might also like